Electric incandescent lamps. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering
Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Electricity for beginners
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Incandescent lamps are designed to illuminate rooms at night. The principle of operation of lamps is based on the glow of conductors heated by current.
The lamp consists of a glass flask, from which air is pumped out, and a metal base. An incandescent filament made of refractory metal (tungsten, osmium, tantalum, etc.) or alloys of refractory metals is fixed inside the flask on special hooks. The ends of the filament are soldered to two thin wires. One outer end of these wires is soldered to a metal base, and the other to a screw thread. As a rule, the filament is heated to a temperature of 2000 ° C. This phenomenon allows the lamp to glow brightly.
There are lamps that have a gas in the flask that does not support combustion. For these purposes, nitrogen or argon is usually used. The gas in the flask is needed so that the filament does not spray as long as possible when heated. This makes it possible to raise the temperature of the filament incandescence up to 2900 ° C.
Each lamp has a corresponding marking, which includes numbers indicating the voltage of the lamp and the power it consumes.
Author: Smirnova L.N.
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