Protection of automotive incandescent lamps. Scheme, description

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ENCYCLOPEDIA OF RADIO ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
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Protection of automotive incandescent lamps. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

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Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Automobile. Electronic devices

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It's no secret that halogen lamps used in cars often fail. This happens as a result of an inrush current that occurs as a result of the fact that the incandescent lamp coil in a cold state has low resistance.

Here's a prime example: an automobile halogen lamp used in fog lamps consumes 55 W in normal mode (at 12 V supply), therefore, the resistance of the filament in the heated state will be about 2,6 ohms. In fact, the resistance measured with an ohmmeter is slightly more than 0,2 ohms. As a result, the inrush current will be 60 A!

The proposed device serves to extend the life of incandescent lamps in cars and other low-voltage equipment.

Protection of automotive incandescent lamps

The time of smooth warm-up - the output of the lamp to the mode depends on the resistance of the resistor R1 and the capacitance of the capacitor C1, and at the values \u2,5b\u1bspecified in the diagram, it is about 2 s. The saturation voltage of the composite transistor VT2, VTXNUMX can be set by rotating the rotor of the resistor RXNUMX. This allows you to select the required time to enter the mode, depending on the load power in the range from zero to the maximum delay.

Transistors VT1 and VT2 must be installed on a common heat sink with an area of \u100b\u2babout 6 cm872, with a current consumed by the lamp up to 10 A. The choice of the KTXNUMXA power transistor is not accidental. This transistor manufactured by NPO Transistor (Minsk) is able to withstand significant current surges for a long time at an average current of up to XNUMX A.

If the SA1 switch is replaced with a jumper, and a microtumbler or a microbutton is connected in series with the resistor R1, an additional convenience appears - the absence of a powerful power switch. Its role is now played by a power transistor.

Author: A.Filipovich, Dzerzhinsk, Minsk region

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Forced braking of cars 14.02.2000

An international conference was held in Germany, where a new system for automatically limiting the speed of cars was discussed. Already now, many cars in Europe have a computer navigation system.

Using special navigation satellites, the car's on-board computer determines its location, and detailed maps are stored in the computer's memory. The driver needs to enter the destination into the computer, and then follow the instructions that appear on the screen or spoken aloud from the computer, how to quickly and easily drive to the right place. If you indicate sections with speed limits on electronic maps, it is easy to make sure that when entering such a section, the car automatically slows down.

British traffic control experts believe that it is enough to equip 60 percent of cars with such equipment and other drivers will also be more careful to comply with the restrictions. But although from a technical point of view everything is quite simple, legal issues are questionable. Wouldn't such an automatic speed limit be an infringement on the rights of the driver himself? In any case, the German Ministry of Transport believes that the choice of speed should remain on the conscience of the driver. You can punish him for speeding, but you can't force him.

In Holland, for example, they approached this issue differently and conducted a successful experiment on 20 specially equipped Volkswagens.

The issue of extending the forced speed limit to the entire territory of the country is being considered. It is believed that it will reduce the number of road accidents by 35 percent.

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