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ENCYCLOPEDIA OF RADIO ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING Electricity in pest control. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering
Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Home, household, hobby Every day, humanity spends colossal sums on the fight against harmful insects that damage or even destroy crops in entire areas. Despite the improvement in pest control methods, agriculture is often powerless against some insects, especially those previously unknown in the area, which have only recently appeared in other countries. So, for example, in the USA a lot of trouble is now caused by the "Japanese beetle", which has multiplied in huge quantities in America. Authorities have even asked gardeners to study this beetle and test various means of control on it until a better one is found. Of course, the possibility is not ruled out that the beetle was deliberately brought to the United States by the Japanese, who deceived the vigilance of the American quarantine. In pest control, the best method should be considered that which does not require the use of expensive chemicals and the exposure of fruits and vegetables to poisons, since the further elimination of these poisons also entails the expenditure of labor and funds. From this point of view, it is very beneficial to destroy insects with the help of light, which lures them into various traps. Sometimes the traps are filled with oil or other non-evaporating and viscous liquids that quickly kill insects, but are not harmful to birds and domestic animals that can accidentally get to the trap. If the trap is simply equipped with a bag from which fallen insects cannot get out, then they can be used for fattening poultry, fish, etc. Insects collected in large quantities are also a valuable raw material for obtaining technical fats. Catching insects in the light has been around for a very long time. But earlier it was carried out in a very primitive way: they lit some source of light and destroyed in one way or another the insects that flew into the fire. Now, after many years of very painstaking experiments, scientists have discovered the colors that most attract or repel insects to be destroyed. Pale blue lights are lit for grape pests, as are insects that damage tomatoes. Bean, bean and pea weevil are most likely to head towards a source of pale blue but very intense light. Dark blue light is preferred by pests of dry fruits, wheat, flour, etc. To increase craving for traps, the action of light is combined with special smells. The study of which smell is more attractive to apple moth, golden tail or winter moth was very difficult: thousands of experiments were needed to choose the most effective bait. It is difficult, of course, to say what will act on the insect first - light or smell. In any case, when a strong-smelling bait is near the lantern, the insects fly towards it so swiftly that they never circle around the fire, but, hitting the glass of a mirror or lampshade, fall down and die in the oil. In order not to attract insects from the outside, but to clean a certain area, the lamps are covered with shields, and the rays then illuminate the trees of the garden or garden beds at a very specific angle. The light is concentrated by special mirrors placed behind the lamps. In addition, the surface of the oil also serves as a reflector and casts upward a sheaf of light. A vessel of large diameter with oil is also installed here.
Another type of trap is suspended from poles between trees; it differs in that a metal cylinder is placed under the lamp, in which a fan rotates at high speed. The air sucks in insects that approach the lamp, and the fan wings damage them. Insects fall down to the bottom of the removable light fabric bag.
The most interesting trap is the "electrocutor" - a device that kills insects with electric current. The gaslight tube, coiled into a spiral, is placed in a cylindrical wire cage made of stainless steel. At the top and bottom, the wires are reinforced in porcelain rings that serve as insulation. The wires are connected in turn to the terminals of the secondary winding of the transformer, and thus there is a potential difference between adjacent wires, quite sufficient to kill any insect that touches the two wires. The distance between the wires is made such as to destroy even flies and the smallest butterflies. The transformer simultaneously serves both to power the lamp and to create a potential difference on the wires of the cage. The gas lamp is chosen in a special color to attract mainly those insects from which the protected area must be rid. Killed insects fall into a bag attached to the lower porcelain end. This bag should be somewhat wider than the "cage" so that all the killed insects fall into it. The effectiveness of this kind of protection for a vineyard measuring about 24 m000 is evident from the following fact: there were about 2 pests per grape bush in a vineyard with light protection, instead of 70 in a plot without such protection; cash costs - six times less than with other methods of pest control. The use of such traps can be of great benefit in clearing pests from dry fruit warehouses, grain granaries, etc. With these ingenious combinations of light, killing fluid, electric current and scented baits, more than just pests can be killed. A method has also been developed for the destruction of mosquitoes. It turned out that they were attracted to a source of white light. For catching mosquitoes, ordinary light sources are used, but of very high intensity. An interesting innovation in the fight against insects is the hand-held "death lamp". This is a small lamp, the carefully selected filament of which and the glass of the balloon allow us to receive part of the infrared rays that kill all small insects. The lamp is enclosed in a cone-shaped steel case and has a comfortable handle. A conical reflector inside the case directs a bright light spot onto the irradiated object. This spot immediately kills fleas, ants, moths, etc. The original purpose of the "death lamp" was to destroy the parasites of dogs, cats and songbirds kept in captivity. However, experience has shown that this lamp can also be of great service to gardeners, as it can quickly and easily clean pest-infested small plants. Literature
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