Types of biofuels. Peat. Scheme, description

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ENCYCLOPEDIA OF RADIO ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
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Types of biofuels. Peat. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

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Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Alternative energy sources

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Peat is a fossil fuel formed in the process of natural death and incomplete decomposition of marsh plants under conditions of excessive moisture and insufficient air access. The moisture content of peat (in the deposit) is 85.95%, the ash content is 2.30%, the calorific value of dry matter is up to 24 MJ/kg.

On the entire planet, peat deposits occupy more than 4 million km2 and contain more than 3 billion m3 of this fuel. World peat reserves are increasing every year, their growth exceeds consumption. In Finland, Sweden, Ireland, the share of peat in the incoming part of the energy balance is from 10 to 20%. Russia occupies the fourth place in the world in peat extraction, although it certainly leads in terms of its reserves: Russian peat deposits occupy 1,5 billion kmXNUMX. All over the world, peat extraction is steadily increasing; in Russia, it is just as steadily falling. The reason is the lack of funding and modern technologies for extraction, processing, and combustion.

Peat as a fuel is mainly used in boiler houses for heating small settlements, although the first thermal power plants built according to the GOELRO plan still operated on it. For many settlements far from the center, the transfer of heat supply systems to peat would be a guarantee of energy security. In particular, for the Leningrad region, peat is the most common and most accessible energy resource. Without the risk of a decrease in reserves, 2,6 million tons of peat can be mined here annually. In 2002, 300 thousand tons were mined. At the same time, peat is a source of increasing soil fertility, peat fertilizers, peat briquettes for seedlings are widely used in agriculture.

Author: Labeish V.G.

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