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Dark matter got darker

10.04.2018

An international team of astronomers led by Richard Massey from Durham University in England has refuted the "brightening" of dark matter, that is, the existence of a non-gravitational interaction between clumps of invisible matter.

Scientists reported the discovery of signs of non-gravitational interaction in dark matter, which is located in the galactic cluster Abell 3827, 1,3 billion light-years from Earth. The researchers studied the distribution of mass in four colliding galaxies using the gravitational lens effect, when an object bends the paths of light rays.

It is assumed that there is a halo of dark matter in the centers of galaxies, which explains the peculiarities of the circular motion of stars around the nucleus. Three clumps of dark matter in Abell 3827 corresponded to the location of three galaxies, but the fourth clump in its motion lagged behind the nearby galaxy by five thousand light-years. This, according to scientists, indicated that not only gravitational forces act in dark matter, but also some other interactions.

In the new study, astronomers used the Atacama Large Millimeter Array and Very Large Telescope radio telescope complexes in Chile, which made it possible to conduct more detailed spectroscopy of galaxies and minimize distortion due to the effect of gravitational lensing. It turned out that the location of the halos in galaxies corresponded to the ?CDM model, according to which dark matter interacts only through gravitational forces.

Dark matter, according to cosmologists, makes up 22 percent of the total mass of the universe (74 percent is dark energy, and the rest is visible matter). It does not interact with ordinary matter through electromagnetic and other fields, with the exception of gravity. The conclusion about its existence was made on the basis of observation of astronomical objects that behaved as if they were affected by a mass hidden from direct observation. At the moment, no particles have yet been discovered from which dark matter could exist.

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But this phenomenon does not persist if the hybrids are bred together in the second generation. Therefore, when farmers want to use highly productive hybrid varieties of plants, they are forced to buy new seeds every season.

Rice is the staple crop of half of the world's population. At the same time, it is expensive to breed it as a hybrid to increase yields even by 10%. Scientists believe that the reproduction of hybrids in the form of clones that do not change from generation to generation can solve this problem.

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