Application of heat pumps abroad. Scheme, description

Free technical library

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF RADIO ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
Free library / Schemes of radio-electronic and electrical devices

The use of heat pumps abroad. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

Free technical library

Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Alternative energy sources

Comments on the article

The most widespread use of the heat pump is in home heating and air conditioning, especially in the United States, where year-round air conditioning is required: cooling in the summer months and heating in the winter. A reversible heat pump that solves both problems has been produced for more than 30 years and is economical and reliable.

In Europe, where climatic conditions are such that, at least for individual buildings, year-round air conditioning is not necessary, a single-purpose heat pump is a more promising system. Compared to conventional central heating systems, its cost and operating costs are at an acceptable level.

A heat pump can use various sources of low-grade heat, giving it in a condenser at an elevated temperature to a gas, liquid or heat accumulator, liquid or solid. In most cases, a water-based central heating system is used, in which hot water is circulated to radiators in each room, or an air heating system, in which heated air is ducted to each room. Such room heaters are widely used: radiators, storage units and convectors as additional heat sources. The temperature in heat distribution systems varies from 40°C for air systems to 100°C for water or steam systems. Typical water temperature is around 75°C.

Since the efficiency of a heat pump is highly dependent on the condensing temperature, it is desirable for heat pumps to reduce the heat distribution temperature. It is obvious that by increasing the heat exchange surface, for example with the help of floor panels, a temperature of 50°C will become suitable. Increasing the flow rate of the circulating air makes it possible to reduce its temperature to 35°C. The practical implementation of these trends in new buildings can radically change the attitude towards heat pumps.

Conventional central heating systems with boilers inside the building also provide all domestic hot water. This circumstance should be taken into account when designing heat pumps. However, heating requires more energy than hot water supply, and, for example, in England they correlate as 60-65 and 20%.

In England and other European countries, water heating is the most common, but where year-round air conditioning is required, heated or cooled air distribution is used. The air system is good for new buildings, but in renovation it is more difficult than the water system, which uses small diameter pipes to supply water from the boiler. The air system requires large ducts that are difficult to install in existing buildings.

As a heating device, a heat pump does not have to be a centralized system serving several rooms. Individual air conditioners may well be installed in each room with its own compressor and condenser, external or internal heat source for the evaporator. In general, heat pumps are able to compete with most conventional heating and air conditioning systems.

In addition to heating and air conditioning, an important function of the heat pump, which determines its applicability, is hot water supply.

Most research reports on the role of heat pumps in the future consider heating to be the main one, but at the same time note that hot water and heat recovery are becoming increasingly important as the trend towards low-energy houses and “fully integrated systems” based on heat pumps increases.

However, this overlooks the main problem - the use of heat pumps in existing buildings, the problem of replacing one installation that simultaneously provides hot water supply (central boiler house) with a heat pump that can also simultaneously solve both problems. This problem is related to the economics of using a low temperature external heat source to produce high temperature hot water.

The high cost of electricity prevents its use on a large scale for heating, and in many cases the heating system includes a tandem - a heat pump and a fossil fuel boiler. At the same time, HP gives water heated to the required temperature.

See other articles Section Alternative energy sources.

Read and write useful comments on this article.

<< Back

Latest news of science and technology, new electronics:

Traffic noise delays the growth of chicks 06.05.2024

The sounds that surround us in modern cities are becoming increasingly piercing. However, few people think about how this noise affects the animal world, especially such delicate creatures as chicks that have not yet hatched from their eggs. Recent research is shedding light on this issue, indicating serious consequences for their development and survival. Scientists have found that exposure of zebra diamondback chicks to traffic noise can cause serious disruption to their development. Experiments have shown that noise pollution can significantly delay their hatching, and those chicks that do emerge face a number of health-promoting problems. The researchers also found that the negative effects of noise pollution extend into the adult birds. Reduced chances of reproduction and decreased fertility indicate the long-term effects that traffic noise has on wildlife. The study results highlight the need ... >>

Wireless speaker Samsung Music Frame HW-LS60D 06.05.2024

In the world of modern audio technology, manufacturers strive not only for impeccable sound quality, but also for combining functionality with aesthetics. One of the latest innovative steps in this direction is the new Samsung Music Frame HW-LS60D wireless speaker system, presented at the 2024 World of Samsung event. The Samsung HW-LS60D is more than just a speaker system, it's the art of frame-style sound. The combination of a 6-speaker system with Dolby Atmos support and a stylish photo frame design makes this product the perfect addition to any interior. The new Samsung Music Frame features advanced technologies including Adaptive Audio that delivers clear dialogue at any volume level, and automatic room optimization for rich audio reproduction. With support for Spotify, Tidal Hi-Fi and Bluetooth 5.2 connections, as well as smart assistant integration, this speaker is ready to satisfy your ... >>

A New Way to Control and Manipulate Optical Signals 05.05.2024

The modern world of science and technology is developing rapidly, and every day new methods and technologies appear that open up new prospects for us in various fields. One such innovation is the development by German scientists of a new way to control optical signals, which could lead to significant progress in the field of photonics. Recent research has allowed German scientists to create a tunable waveplate inside a fused silica waveguide. This method, based on the use of a liquid crystal layer, allows one to effectively change the polarization of light passing through a waveguide. This technological breakthrough opens up new prospects for the development of compact and efficient photonic devices capable of processing large volumes of data. The electro-optical control of polarization provided by the new method could provide the basis for a new class of integrated photonic devices. This opens up great opportunities for ... >>

Random news from the Archive

Fluorescent material for accumulation of light from LED lamps 26.02.2017

A fairly massive transition from fluorescent lamps to LED sources of radiation has revealed one interesting problem. Traditional fluorescent paints and materials with the property of accumulating light and glowing after that in the dark are not well combined with LED lighting. Luminescent materials widely used on the market usually store energy when exposed to ultraviolet radiation, which is not found in the spectrum of LED lamps. Meanwhile, the demand for luminescent materials is high in many areas. For example, with the help of "luminous" paints, evacuation routes from high-rise buildings are indicated, which is critical in case of accidents.

To solve the problem and create materials with an afterglow effect in combination with LED lighting, the National Institute of Japan AIST and Tateyama Kagaku Industry undertook. The partners managed to create a material with the desired properties and a technology for applying it to a plastic (PET) substrate. This is an organometallic mixture, the composition of which is kept secret. Some rare earth material is used as the metal.

The obtained samples in combination with LED illumination (wavelength 460 nm) in the first 10 minutes are characterized by a luminescence at the level of 602 mcd/m2, which is three times more intense than in the case of commercially available luminescent materials. After four hours, the luminosity of the new material drops to 10 mcd/m2. Note that conventional materials reduce the intensity of the glow to this level already two hours after the cessation of illumination.

In the future, the developers intend to obtain a material with better properties. This can be achieved by choosing the type of activating rare earth additive and its amount. We add that the material is applied to the plastic substrate by the photoreaction method, and not in the form of mixtures with a hardener, as it is now. This provides high resistance to external adverse weather factors, including moisture ingress and high heat.

Other interesting news:

▪ Algae electric battery

▪ An effective way to clean waste water filters

▪ Hotpoint and Ariston team up to create an international brand

▪ Quantum radio receiver will pick up the weakest signals

▪ High power controller with over 90% efficiency

News feed of science and technology, new electronics

Interesting materials of the Free Technical Library:

▪ section of the site Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering. Article selection

▪ Braille article. History of invention and production

▪ article How was pure crystalline iodine obtained for the first time? Detailed answer

▪ article Editing director. Job description

▪ article Start your computer with a remote control. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

▪ article Focus shifter. Focus Secret

Leave your comment on this article:

All languages of this page

Home page | Library | Articles | Website map | Site Reviews