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AT LEISURE
To help the erudite. Database on the history, geography, biology, science, technology, sport, culture, traditions of the peoples of the world. According to the materials of the press and the Internet.
French motorists throw away 368 tons of used tires every year. Only a quarter of this amount is used as secondary raw materials. French biologists from the Pasteur Institute found in human saliva an anesthetic that is 3-6 times stronger than morphine. French biologists hope in five years to develop a variety of flax using genetic engineering, from which oil will be obtained that is not afraid of high temperatures. This linseed oil is suitable for use in automotive engines. French biochemists have found in milk a peptide of 10 amino acids that has a sedative effect on rats that is stronger than seduxen. Unlike drugs, this protein substance is not addictive. After testing on humans, it is planned to be released by genetic engineering. French doctors analyzed mental abilities, memory, attention span and kidney function in 500 teenagers, half of whom have mercury amalgam fillings in their teeth, and the other half have modern plastic fillings. No differences were found, which means that if mercury seeps out of the fillings, then in very small doses that do not affect health. French researchers have proposed a method for determining the degree of maturity of cheese by transillumination with ultrasound. Previously, the cheese had to be cut, and some of the heads disappeared. So far, the method is only suitable for hard cheeses, but there is hope to adapt it to other varieties. French linguists, having studied a thousand languages of different peoples from different continents, found that about 700 of them have the word dad or similar, and in 71% of cases it means father or some other male relative on the paternal line. So, in Swahili and in the main dialect of Chinese, the father is a woman, in Malay - bapa. French traffic experts have come to the conclusion that 170 people die on the roads of France every year and another 3000 are injured due to divorces. A newly divorced person is under constant stress, which makes him less attentive and impairs car ownership. In addition, many of the divorced take sedative pills, which also worsen the reaction of the driver. French experts suggest milking cows not twice a day, but only once, in the morning. At the same time, milk yields are reduced by 30 percent, but the quality of milk improves - fat content and protein content increase. Cows quickly get used to the new regime. Surpluses of milk are characteristic of France, the state sets quotas for its production, so the new technique will apparently come in handy for French farmers. French scientists have found a way to turn fish oil into a powder that is easily soluble in water. At the same time, the nutritional and vitamin properties of fat are preserved. French scientists have been observing one of the Alpine glaciers for half a century. All this time, the glacier has been decreasing, and in the last 15 years, the decrease has been especially rapid. At this rate of melting, the glacier could disappear in as little as 30 years. Curiously, in Scandinavia and South America, glaciers, on the contrary, are increasing. French scientists, after analyzing the isotopic composition of dinosaur tooth enamel, came to the conclusion that they were warm-blooded animals. French ecologists, analyzing air samples from a pigsty, found 250 smelly compounds in it. The goal of the study is to remove as many of these scents from the air as possible. The French magazine Science et vie is alarmed: 54 percent of French people over the age of 14 are unable to hold a conversation, write a letter or read a newspaper article in at least one foreign language. The French Agricultural Research Institute intends to compile a genetic map of European oaks. 13 European laboratories analyzed the DNA of oaks from 2600 European forests. The map will help you understand how oaks spread across Europe after the end of the last glaciation. In addition, it will be possible to determine the origin of oak products by DNA. The French National Center for Space Research has decided to put all its UFO dossiers on the Internet. These are the protocols of interrogation of witnesses, the results of the inspection of the scene of incidents, photographs, pictures from the radar screens, and so on. Only the names of witnesses will be removed from all documents in order to avoid intrusion into their privacy. However, the disclosure process will take a long time: almost three thousand files are scanned by just one employee. The French Food Safety Authority has given permission to recycle plastic soft drink bottles. Of the 10 bottles collected, only five were dirty: they contained insecticides or solvents. The rest contained only the remains of drinks and, after washing, could be reused for bottling. The French keep at home 27,6 million fish, 8,9 million cats, 8,2 million dogs, 7 million birds, 4 million rodents, a million reptiles and 6,5 million other animals, from cheetahs to scorpions. Note that the population of France is 60 million people. The French are known to be ardent patriots of their language. But the main French scientific journal Doklady Akademii Nauk is forced to switch to English so that it can continue to be read all over the world. Only short summaries of each article will be in French. Chemists from the Technical University of Munich (Germany) have found a catalyst based on lanthanum chlorides, which can be used to make raw materials for the production of plastics from associated gas. Now methane escaping from wells during oil production is simply burned. Chemists studying the Allende meteorite, which fell in Mexico in 1969, found fullerenes in it - molecules consisting of carbon atoms and shaped like a soccer ball. This is the first case of finding fullerenes in a meteorite. A chemical study of pottery shards from Central America showed that the Indians there originally brewed an alcoholic drink like beer from the fruits of the cocoa tree. Moreover, the cocoa beans themselves went to waste, and the pulp in which they are immersed in the fruit was used to brew the drink. Surgeons in masks that cover half their faces look gloomy, even menacing, which cannot but affect the patient's mood before the start of the operation. Especially if the patient is a child. Therefore, specialists from the Higher School of Engineering in Nancy (France) have developed a surgical mask with a transparent window. The material of the window meets all the requirements of antisepsis and allows air to pass through, but allows the doctor to smile at his patient. Although the human genome has already been completely read, geneticists have not yet come to a final conclusion - how many genes does a person have? Estimates range from 30 to 120 thousand. While global passenger air travel has grown 1947-fold since 1000, the average annual number of air crash victims has hardly increased since then. This means that flight safety has increased by about 1000 times. Although a year and a half has passed since the introduction of the euro, 38 percent of Germans still recalculate store prices for stamps in their minds, and 44 percent do so from time to time. Only 18 percent of the XNUMX respondents had the euro firmly in their minds as the German mark. As a rule, the higher the income of a citizen, the easier it is to switch to a new currency. Although India has been making efforts to purify the water in the Ganges since 1985, the content of dangerous microbes in the pilgrims' favorite place of bathing is 2-4 thousand times higher than the permissible one. Although a person can briefly develop horsepower (about 735 watts), the average human power per day is one hundred watts, and the power of the heart is 10 watts. The Great Lakes Resources Conservation Center (USA) has developed recommendations for hospitals to reduce mercury pollution in the environment. Mercury is used in hospitals in thermometers, blood pressure monitors, fluorescent lamps, and batteries for some devices. The recommendations have reduced the amount of mercury in hospital waste and garbage by 45 to 85 percent, and they hope to eliminate it altogether in the future. Exchange prices can often predict the future. Thus, economists have found that the prices offered in the spring on the New York Stock Exchange for the future crop of oranges in Florida predict the summer weather in this state better than any weather bureau. And in 1986, when the American space shuttle Challenger exploded, a few minutes after the news appeared on television, the shares of a company that made rubber seals for fuel tanks plummeted on the stock exchange. The scientific commission investigating the catastrophe came to the conclusion about the cause of the explosion - a defect in the seals - only a few months later. The market is a huge computer of millions of human heads, and as a rule it does not make mistakes. A digital camera with an image resolution of 1,4 gigapixels is installed on one of the telescopes at the University of Hawaii Observatory on the island of Maui (Mount Haleakala). It will allow us to photograph stars 10 million times fainter than those visible to the naked eye, and to monitor asteroids that could collide with the Earth. Tea is the second most popular drink in the world after water. The twin birth rate is 40 cases per 1000 births in Africa, 10-20 in Europe and the USA, and only 6 in Asia. Twins are most common in Nigeria, at one in every 11 births, and least common in Japan, at just one in 250 births. The world champions in the consumption of spirits are Romanians, each of them drinks (in terms of pure ethyl alcohol) an average of about five liters per year. Russia lags behind in this indicator by more than a liter, and France by more than two liters. A year after the smoking ban in public places introduced in Scotland in March 2006, admissions to hospitals of patients with heart attacks fell by 17%. For smokers, the drop was 14%, for non-smokers - 20%. Five months after Italy banned smoking in public places, the admission of patients with a heart attack to hospitals decreased by 11%. Moreover, the number of sick smokers decreased only by 0,7%, and basically the health of non-smokers who did not breathe other people's tobacco smoke improved from this measure. A quarter of the species of all coniferous trees in the world is endangered. A quarter of the world's annual copper production goes to the production of computers and other digital equipment. The legibility of regular text in a book is 277 times better than text on the screen of the best computer monitor. So it is unlikely that in the foreseeable future the computer will replace the book. The number of Germans self-medicating and taking medication for minor illnesses without consulting a doctor has risen from 44 percent in 1978 to 62 today. What happens after you quit smoking? 20 minutes after the last cigarette, body temperature rises to normal, after 8 hours, carbon monoxide escapes from the blood, after 9 months, lung function is restored, after 5 years, the probability of stroke is equal to that of non-smokers, after 10 years, the probability of getting cancer decreases, after 15 years reduces the risk of a heart attack. It took 35 years since the invention of this means of communication for a quarter of American households to have a telephone. It took only 7 years for the same number of Americans to have Internet at home. It would take 3 cards to record a minute of music in MP40 format on punched cards used in computers half a century ago, and the computer would have to read them at a speed of 960 cards per second. In order for popcorn to turn into popcorn, the vapor pressure inside the grain when it is heated must exceed 9 atmospheres. So that people with an implanted electronic heart pacemaker could use a mobile phone, the radiation of which can disrupt the operation of delicate electronics, a French company began producing shielding shirts with the finest stainless steel wires woven into textiles. Steel makes up 20 percent of all yarn. The shirt attenuates electromagnetic waves from the phone by 30 times. It takes 1000 liters of water to produce a kilogram of wheat. It takes 4000 liters to produce a cotton T-shirt and 35 liters of water to produce a car. In order for the clarity of a digital photograph to correspond to a conventional one taken on 35 millimeter wide film, a digital camera matrix must have 25 million pixels. While the best models have 11-12 million. Shanghai could become “Chinese Venice.” The city is sinking by one centimeter every year. This is due to the pumping of water from underground layers, the construction of subways and road tunnels. Swedish doctors have discovered a wart-killing protein in breast milk. It is also effective against some cancer cells. Swedish doctors, having studied 350 blood transfusions performed in their country from 000 to 1968, showed that cancer is not transmitted through blood. In 2002% of cases, donors were later diagnosed with cancer, but this did not affect the health of blood recipients. Swedish seismologists have discovered a new sign that portends an imminent earthquake. In deep waters, a few weeks before tremors, the concentration of zinc and copper increases, sometimes by 10 times. After an earthquake, it drops to normal. Swedish zoologist Ken Swartberg studied the behavior of more than 13 dogs of 31 breeds in terms of aggressiveness, curiosity, playfulness and sociability. It turned out that these features of the character of the dog are associated not so much with the breed, but with the current use. In Sweden, as in other developed countries, more and more often a dog is kept not for business (hunting, guarding, and so on), but as a domestic companion.
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