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AT LEISURE
To help the erudite. Database on the history, geography, biology, science, technology, sport, culture, traditions of the peoples of the world. According to the materials of the press and the Internet.
The famous German punctuality is more of a myth than a reality. This is evidenced by the results of a survey conducted among 300-t executives of large firms in nine countries. This survey brought some rather unexpected results. Thus, 46 percent of German firms are late or postpone business meetings from time to time, and with 10 percent this happens even very often. However, even more sad results are shown by businessmen in France and the United States, who show punctuality more often than Germans: 20 percent of French business executives are often late for meetings, and almost 50 percent of Americans make their business partners wait for them from time to time. In 1871, the hereditary winemaker Frenchman Paul Masson, bypassing strict prohibitions, secretly took out sprouts of selection vines from Bordeaux and Burgundy and planted them in two selected areas of California, San Jose and Santa Cruz, whose unique soils and climate turned them into the best vineyards. USA and part of the golden fund of the world culture of winemaking. Label on a bottle of Paul Masson wine Moonshine is a traditional Russian strong drink that has become widespread in Russia since the XNUMXth century, and is rightfully considered a unique drink in the Russian land. The originality and variety of recipes, a wide range of taste qualities of the finished moonshine favorably distinguishes it from foreign counterparts: Scottish and American whiskey, English brandy, Georgian chacha and Chinese sake... Vinokur hardly thought about the profitability of his business - his main concern was the quality of the drink, to achieve which he spared neither the original products nor the time. So, for example, out of 28 liters of mash, only one liter of simple but good moonshine was obtained, which, after secondary distillation and dilution, gave 0,55 liters of vodka of the highest quality. And if the Russian landowner had to choose, he always preferred his native vodka to overseas strong drinks, including the famous French cognacs. The Mexican Hairless Dog is one of the oldest dog breeds still in existence today. Another name for the Xoloitzcuintle breed is a compound word in the ancient Aztec language Nahuatl, consisting of two parts: Xolo and Itzcuintli. Xolo comes from the Aztec god of twins and ugly things. In ancient drawings, the god Xolotl is depicted as a dog with ugly arms and legs. The word itzcuintli means the dog of the god Xolotl - the guide of human souls to the Land of Spirits Miktlan. It was customary at funerals to kill one of these dogs with an arrow in the mouth and bury the remains along with those of a human. Must burn! - this is what mustum ardens means in Latin, it is also mustard. In ancient Rome, a few peppercorns could buy a slave. The first written mention of caesarean section dates back to ancient Egypt. Hippocrates himself mastered the technique of caesarean section. But in those days, the operation was carried out only on a dead mother in the name of saving the life of a child. Only in 1521, the Frenchman Rousseau justified the possibility of an operation on a living woman. But the first experiments were not successful. The postoperative wound was not sutured, the uterus was removed. In the absence of asepsis and antiseptics, most women died either from blood loss or from infectious complications. In Russia, caesarean section began to be done at the beginning of the 18th century. But the statistics were worse? than foreign countries. 80% of women and 50% of children died. When antiseptics were finally invented in the late 18th century and strict asepsis rules were developed, most Western obstetricians were euphoric. In caesarean section, they began to see the best way of delivery for any complication of childbirth ... WORLD OF HEALTH. C-SECTION Sprats, sprats (Sprattus), 1) a genus of small marine fish of the herring family. Body length up to 13-18 cm, weight up to 10-12 g. 2) Canned fish snacks. Initially, they were prepared only from the Baltic Sh. (a subspecies of the European Sh.), then, under the name Sh., they also began to preserve the Caspian sprat (tulka), Baltic herring, juvenile herring, and other small fish. Great Soviet Encyclopedia British dentists have begun testing a new method of dental treatment. The bottom line is this: a jet of ozone under high pressure is fed directly into a holey tooth. Ozone kills bacteria, both on the surface and in the hole itself. In this case, the cavity is completely disinfected and all traces of decay are destroyed. The procedure takes only ten seconds, and is completely painless for the patient - it does not even require anesthesia. doctors are sure that caries will never form in the place of the healed hole. Companion On July 6, an Egyptian court sentenced Shohdi Naguib to a year in prison and a mocking $43 fine for publishing on the Internet a poem, Kuss Ummiyat, written about thirty years ago by Shohdi's father, Egyptian poet, playwright and dissident Naguib Surur. The poem, a bitter and vicious satire of Egyptian society in the post-Six Day War period, circulated in Egypt exclusively in lists and tape recordings - not formally banned and widely known. The Egyptian authorities preferred to interpret the political satire in the way that was more convenient for them from an ideological point of view: the presence of obscene language in Kuss Ummiyat gave them a formal, flimsy reason to accuse Shohdi Naguib of distributing pornography. The charges leveled against Shohdi Naguib are obviously absurd, but the impending prison sentence is frighteningly real. It seems to us that the Russian Internet community should express its opinion on the process against Shohdi Nagib, which is contrary to the idea of protecting human rights and common sense. On August 26, 2002, the Egyptian court scheduled a hearing on Shohdi's appeal. On Thursday, August 22, 2002, from 13.00 to 16.00 we picket the embassy of the Arab Republic of Egypt (12 Kropotkinsky per., metro Park Kultury) in protest against the persecution of Shohdi. The number of picketers officially allowed by the Moscow prefecture is 15 people. However, this does not mean that we do not need your support. Egyptian darkness: trial against Shohdi Naguib TITO Josip Broz (25.05.1892/04.05.1980/1940, Kumrovets village, Croatia - 1980/1943/1944, Belgrade), leader of the Yugoslav and international communist movement, chairman of the Union of Communists of Yugoslavia (SKYU) (1972 -1977), marshal (1950), three times People's Hero of Yugoslavia (1910, 1915, 1916), Hero of the Social. Labor of Yugoslavia (1917). In 1917 he joined the social-democracy. Party of Croatia and Slavonia. In 1918 he ended up in Russia as a prisoner of war, in 1920 he was exiled to Kungur, Perm province, and was elected chairman of the committee of prisoners of war. He worked at the railway station, made connections with local Bolsheviks, conducted propaganda among prisoners of war, defended their rights. For this he was arrested twice. In the summer of XNUMX he moved to Petrograd. After the July (XNUMX) demonstration, he was again arrested and exiled to Kungur, but on the way he fled to Yekaterinburg, and then to Omsk. After the October Revolution, he formed a Red Guard detachment of prisoners of war. At the beginning of XNUMX he joined the candidate members of the Yugoslav section of the Bolsheviks. In September XNUMX he returned to his homeland. Ural Historical Encyclopedia Another way to create truly exclusive phones is to use high-tech materials in their construction. Thus, Liquidmetal proposes to use an alloy of titanium, copper, nickel, zirconium and beryllium for these purposes. The advantages of this alloy are that it is twice as strong and flexible as the best titanium alloys and stainless steels and is extremely resistant to corrosion. When casting parts from such an alloy, no subsequent machining is required; parts can be formed in the same way as in the case of plastic. This is achieved for the first time due to the fact that the metal is amorphous; it does not crystallize upon slow cooling. For example, a surgical scalpel cast from this material does not require additional sharpening, the cutting edge is formed initially due to the casting mold. When applied to cell phones, this means that it is possible to create cases that are unique in their properties, light and strong at the same time. As usual, there is a minus in the price of such a solution, today the cost of a phone case made of such an alloy is 20-30 times higher than the cost of a conventional aluminum case. Therefore, such cases can be used in exclusive, but not serial phones. Cell phone: a utilitarian thing or a luxury?! Watermelon, or, simply speaking, Citrullius, was tamed by man in ancient times, and this happened, apparently, in Africa ... Only by a special royal decree of November 11, 1660, the southern regions of Russia were ordered to begin the systematic development of this heat-loving culture . Fruit of the Nations, Big City, No21, 2002 In terms of creative fertility, Alexandre Dumas is ahead of the rest. When it was necessary to earn extra money, he could work hard for 14-18 hours a day. A writer could jot down a standard printed page of a highly artistic text in just 15 minutes, but without punctuation marks. Semicolons for the master were placed by his secretaries. As a result, during his long life, Dumas managed to create about 500 volumes of all kinds of prose. If he wrote one typewritten page on average 15 minutes, then for 500 volumes he would need 3 million minutes, or 50 thousand hours, or 2 thousand days, or almost 6 years of continuous work. 500 volumes are: 800 hectares of high-quality forest only for Soviet print runs; 10 tons of waste paper, which must be handed over in order to buy all the volumes; 4 times more than that of Marx-Engels, and 9 times more than that of Lenin; a stack of 20 meters, which is only 70 meters lower than the height of the spire of Notre Dame Cathedral. Weekly Full House, No01 August 22 marks one hundred years of one of the most famous female directors of world cinema - Leni Riefenstahl. Leni gained notoriety with her film Triumph of the Will, about the Nazi Party rally in Nuremberg in 1934, and in 1936 with Olympia, about the Berlin Olympics. Precisely because many associated her name with the ideology of fascism, in post-war Germany, Riefenstahl was on the unofficial black lists. But Leni survived. By filming Triumph of the Will, I was only fulfilling my own artistic goals to make a film that wasn't just a stupid newsreel. I suffered greatly from the attacks on me. Again and again, people have hurt me,” Riefenstahl shared in a recent interview. However, in both works of Leni, Hitler appeared as a strong personality, a charismatic leader who is adored by the people. Some shots of Olympia nevertheless indicate that Riefenstahl was not the Fuhrer's pocket director. The picture shows the brilliant black athlete Jess Owens, whose absolute superiority contradicted the Aryan theory of Nazism. Leni Riefenstahl presents a new film for her 100th birthday Rubber (from Latin resina - resin), a product of rubber vulcanization. Vulcanization, a rubber manufacturing process that converts ductile raw rubber into rubber. V. increases the strength characteristics of rubber, its hardness, elasticity, heat and frost resistance, the degree of swelling and solubility in organic solvents decrease. Great Soviet Encyclopedia In 1907, Guillon Kemmler, an employee of the French company of the Pathé brothers, proposed a number of changes in the design of the gramophone, including removing the bulky horn inside the case. This device laid the foundation for the new name of the improved gramophone - Gramophone. On February 19, 1877, the American inventor Thomas Alva Edison received a patent number 200,521 for an apparatus he created that was capable of recording and reproducing a live human voice and music. This apparatus became known as the phonograph. The common housefly lays approximately 150 eggs in 2-4 days. during her short life (and they live for about a month), the female lays, respectively, one and a half thousand eggs. In general, by the end of summer, the offspring of one fly can exceed five trillion individuals! Fly - RPG-18 grenade launcher. Adopted by the Soviet Army in 1972. The fly is a constellation in the southern hemisphere of the sky. The fly (Melisuga minima) is the smallest of the hummingbird species. BELADONNA (it. bella donna, lit. beauty). Poisonous plant, used in medicine and cosmetics. James F. Fix, author of The Complete Guide to Running, the real jogging bible, died on 21.07.1984/52/XNUMX of a heart attack while running at the age of XNUMX. The tallest man in world history was not the American Robert Wadlow (his height was only ... 272 centimeters), but the Russian citizen Fedor Makhov! His height was 2 meters 85 centimeters (with a weight of 182 kilograms). Makhov died in 1905 at the age of 25. The French biologist J. Rostand in his book Life writes that the Russian gulliver visited Paris shortly before his death, shocking the French a lot with his size. By the way, today the giant is called in the newspapers either Makhnov or Makhno. The Niva magazine correspondent, who photographed Gulliver in 1903, claims that his last name is Makhov. The average height of Moscow men is 176 cm The average height of residents of Central Russia, Georgia, Moldova is 170 cm The average height of residents of Armenia, Azerbaijan, Central Asia, Buryatia, Yakutia is 163 - 165 cm Kim Jong Il is not afraid to fly, as people all over the world think, and next time he is ready to go to Moscow by plane. Explaining why he undertook both of his trips to Russia by rail, the North Korean leader emphasized that one can get to know the life of another country much better from the window of a train car than flying over it in an airplane. Komsomolskaya Pravda August 23, 2002 According to the RIA Novosti agency, on August 24, in the seaside resort town of Ostend, Belgian builders built a tower from a constructor 26 meters 70 centimeters high. Set in Moscow in June 2001, the record was 26 meters 45 centimeters. It took more than 6 thousand people to build this tower, who laid out an unusual structure for seven days on St. Peter and Paul Square in Ostend. The construction took more than half a million elements of the designer. Some parts of the tower from the designer were mounted using a crane. The tower will delight vacationers on the Belgian coast until August 26, when it will be destroyed. The world's tallest flagpole is installed in the capital of the United Arab Emirates, Abu Dhabi. The 120-meter-meter structure weighing 95 tons is 10 meters higher than the previous record holder in Mexico City. The design, which does not have internal and external supports, was made in parts in the USA.
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