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AT LEISURE
To help the erudite. Database on the history, geography, biology, science, technology, sport, culture, traditions of the peoples of the world. According to the materials of the press and the Internet.
A rare animal, the capybara, which lives in South America, got its name from the local Indians. In their language, it means the owner of the grass. Indeed, this animal is the largest of the rodent order, lives in marshy places, and thick juicy grass makes up most of its diet! The growth of a newborn giraffe is 183 cm! An adult male giraffe reaches a height of 5 m 80 cm. Females are slightly lower - 5 m 19 cm. By the way, the giraffe's neck consists of 7 vertebrae - the same number of people and all mammals! Hippos live only on the African continent (unless, of course, they are in a zoo). The name of this animal in Greek means river horse. In fact, the hippopotamus is a closer relative of the pig than the horse. A cat's hearing is much more sensitive than a human's or a dog's. A cat hears within 65 kHz, while a human hears within 20 kHz. Bees do not distinguish red. They see it as dark gray or black. But they perceive ultraviolet rays as a color, although for a person it is only darkness. Chickens see all the colors of the rainbow. The cat does not distinguish colors and sees everything in gray. Monkeys have a very good sense of color. The bull and nocturnal animals do not see flowers. Short line - Oh, these animals In one weekend during which the Formula 1 Grand Prix takes place, the cars of only one team burn about 1600 liters of gasoline, consume 160 liters of engine oil and 60 liters of gearbox and transmission oil. During heavy braking, the pilot and the structure are affected by a force five times greater than the force of gravity. At the same time, from a speed of 200 km / h, the car completely stops after 55 meters, in just 1,9 seconds. The temperature of the carbon brake discs reaches 600 degrees Celsius at maximum deceleration. At a speed of 350 km/h, achieved, for example, on the track in Hockenheim, the front wing presses the car to the road with a force of 1,6 tons, and the rear - with a force of 1,1 tons. In the cockpit, where the pilot is located, 50-degree heat reigns. For one race, the driver on average changes gears 2600 times. Minardi's minimum budget for a Formula 1 team is about $50 million. The steering wheel of the car costs from 25 to 40 thousand dollars. During the season, the car wears 900 sets of tires on the asphalt with a total value of about $ 2 million. Automotive News, September, No16, 2002 The term Mischlinge in the Reich called people born from mixed marriages of Aryans with non-Aryans. The racial laws of 1935 distinguished between first-degree mislinge (Jewish parent) and second-degree (Jewish grandparents). Despite the legal corruption of people with Jewish genes and despite the crackling propaganda, tens of thousands of Mischlings lived quietly under the Nazis. They were called up in the usual way to the Wehrmacht, Luftwaffe and Kriegsmarine, becoming not only soldiers, but also part of the generals at the level of commanders of regiments, divisions and armies. For a long time, united faith Georgia has been drawn to Russia. Fragmented into small kingdoms, it could not resist the eastern conquerors represented by Persia and Turkey. Therefore, in 1783, between Russia and the Georgian king Erekle II, the Treaty of St. George was signed, according to which Russian military forces were brought into Georgia to help her. But with the accession to the throne of Paul I, the troops were withdrawn from the Caucasus in view of the imminent war with Napoleon, and a terrible situation began to develop in Georgia again. By that time, Heraclius II had died and now his son George XII turned to Russia for help, sacrificing everything to save his homeland from the eastern barbarians. In November 1800, the Russian army was again brought into Georgia, and on September 12, 1801, already by Alexander I, a manifesto was promulgated on the annexation of Georgia to Russia. Prince P.D. Tsitsianov was appointed commander of the troops there, who was faced with the task of expanding Russian influence in the Caucasus. This policy of Russia caused the war with Persia. Medal for the capture of Ganja on January 3, 1804 Until 1917, in the villages (regular police were introduced in cities and towns), the positions of elected law enforcement officers were retained, and their names came from the number of courtyards from which elections were held for a particular person. Desyatsky was elected by a small village, Sotsky - by a village of hundreds of households. Depending on local customs and rules, there could be five hundred. In this case, the tenths were under the command of the five hundred. All of them obeyed either the headman or the volost foreman, while being under the control of the police. The badge of a tenth or sotsky could be worn by a person who did not have a rank, and therefore was a substitute for a uniform. tenth sign The masculine name Stephen means crown in Greek. The female name Vanessa in Greek means butterfly. In the period from 1952 to 1966, 5 children were born in the family of Ralph and Carolyn Cummins and all of them have a birthday on February 20th. To one Japanese golfer, all the courses around Tokyo seemed too small and improperly built. In anger, he deliberately threw 2160 golf balls into the sea over the course of several weeks. The coast police watched as the fish grabbed the balls, tried to swallow them and died in the process. Finally, the police filed a lawsuit against the angry player, accusing him of polluting the sea. The court imposed a very severe fine: a ban on golf courses for the next five years and full compensation for damages. With this money, the environmental agency can put at least as many fish into the sea as golf balls have killed. People's History In the old days, turnips were harvested for Nikita (September 28). On this day, they baked pies with turnips, made turnip kvass, and cooked porridge. They ate it fresh, steamed, dried. She prepared quickly, not without reason they said: There is nothing simpler than a steamed turnip. Newspaper koMok No 38 Hookah (Persian), a smoking device, formerly widespread in Turkey, Persia, India, China, Africa and Central Asia (chilim); is now out of use. It consists of a vessel filled with water, a tube with tobacco fixed in its neck (the lower end of which is lowered into the water) and a leather hose or a wooden tube inserted into the vessel above the water level (through which the smoker draws smoke filtered through the water). K. is made from pumpkin, coconut, metal; expensive ones are decorated with silver, ivory, etc. Great Soviet Encyclopedia In Turkey, hookah is an integral part of social and political life and is considered one of the greatest pleasures in life. Hookahs have become an important social symbol. The offer to smoke a hookah was considered an important sign of trust, and refusal could be taken as a serious insult. In 1841, there was a diplomatic crisis between France and the Turkish Empire after the Sultan refused to invite the French ambassador to smoke a hookah with him. The first hookahs appeared in India, but they were quite primitive, because. made from coconut shells. They became popular in Iran and then in all Arab countries. But it was in Turkey that they got their current look, and their style has not changed for the past few hundred years. Hookahs were very popular in Turkey during the time of Murat IV, 1623-1640. Rules were even created for lighting hookahs. A hookah consists of four parts: a mouthpiece, a hookah top, a tube and a vessel that is filled with water. All parts of the hookah were made by individual artisans, who were named after the part they produced. Massil is a type of tobacco used for hookah smoking. It is a mixture of tobaccos from different countries, prepared with the addition of molasses obtained from sugar cane and other additives, which gives a special taste and aroma. Currently, there is a system of standards that precisely defines these additives in order to obtain real hookah tobacco. Mu'essil, tombac and zhurak are a smoking substance that has two or more precisely three main forms. The first of them is mu'essil (mu'assil, massil). You can literally translate honey. It is named so in connection with the introduction of molasses or honey into the composition of the mixture to impart binding properties. Molasses is a by-product of sugar production. The second form is tombak, which is pure tobacco. Jurak, mainly of Indian origin, can be seen as an intermediate link between the first two forms. It is highly rated in the Pyrenees. It may contain fruits and oils. However, unflavoured molasses tobacco is sometimes referred to as zhurak. Egyptian Nakhla Zaghloul and Tunisian Shih 'el-beled are some of the favorite tobaccos recognized by their connoisseurs. The smoke from a hookah with a good portion of tobacco corresponds to the amount of nicotine from 2 strong cigarettes (for example, Marlboro), i.e. about 2 mg. The copious smoke cannot be compared to the smoke of cigarettes, pipes or cigars. This smoke is much softer since it is about 95% water vapor. Vapor is produced due to the presence of moisture in the tobacco. The drier the tobacco, the less smoke the hookah produces. The high water content in the smoke attracts all sorts of impurities to itself. information from the site Photo Gallery Nadezhin Yuri The system of Roman numerals is based on the designation of decimal places and their halves with special characters: I (1), X (10), C (100), M (1000), V (5), L (50), D (500). The signs L, C and M go back to the letters of the Western Greek alphabet that served as the basis for the Latin alphabet. These letters, which in the Western Greek alphabet denoted aspirated sounds (kh, th, ph), which were absent in Latin, began to be used in it to denote numbers and subsequently their spelling was adapted to writing Latin letters. C (100) began to be identified with the first letter of the Latin word centum (one hundred), M (1000), which is a modified form of the Greek Ф, - with the first letter of the Latin word mille (thousand). The sign D (500), identified with the Latin letter, is half of the sign F (1000), just as V (5) is the upper half of the sign X (10). During the conclusion of the Tilsit Agreement, Alexander I and Napoleon saw each other every day and showed friendly feelings for each other. Once, during a gala dinner, the conversation turned to the fact that during the last Russian-Swedish war, one of the battles was fought very close to St. Petersburg. The cannonade in the capital was so well audible that the ladies of St. Petersburg went terrified. This story excited Napoleon. He said with concern that war is war, but it is not permissible to frighten Petersburg ladies. This must be stopped, for example, by occupying Finland. Alexander I thoughtfully looked at him... and agreed. The fate of Finland was decided - in 1809, after successful hostilities, it was annexed to Russia. Our St. Petersburg: St. Petersburg tales In just twenty years, from 1821 to 1841, the import of champagne to Russia quadrupled, from 4 to 205000 buckets. And a bucket - this is not a joke for you, gentlemen, but an old Russian metric measure of the volume of liquids, equal to 823000 shtofs or 10 bottles, or 20 cups, or - for those who are already completely dull - 100 liters. Champagne is bottled in special bottles of different capacities. And each has its own name. For example, Nebuchadnezzar - 15 liters (20 bottles), Methuselah - 6 liters (8 bottles), Magnum - 1,5 liters (2 bottles), bottle - 0,75 liters, half bottle - 0,375 liters In our empire, the production of honey reaches 1.635.472 pounds, which, with a population of 126.368.827 people of both sexes, is 0,5 pounds per capita. Up to 5.106.722 small hive factories are employed in the production of honey, each of which produces on average up to 12,81 pounds per year. As for the price of honey, it ranges from 80 p. 12 kopecks up to 80 rubles per pood; in consumer markets, honey is sometimes sold for 1902 kopecks. per pound. Bee honey. Technologist, XNUMX In 1747, at the direction of the Chinese emperor of the Qing Dynasty, Qianlong, hieroglyphs were carved on one of the stone steles. The stele was placed near the weeping willow in the Sixian Temple. Now the tree is about 700 years old. It is not known from what time it began to gradually absorb the stele. Today, a third of it has already been captured by a giant willow. The absorption rate is 0,25 millimeters per year. Conclusion: do not stand for a long time, leaning against a tree. Tree-Conqueror Knowledge-Power In 1965, young engineers Gerhard Hartmann and Otto Weiss opened a hunting rifle repair shop in Hamburg. Their remarkable perseverance and a certain amount of luck made it possible to expand the scope of activities. In 1980, the firm rented a spacious building and began manufacturing custom shotguns. Very quickly, the products of gunsmiths gained recognition among German connoisseurs of prestigious weapons, professional hunters and collectors. Hartman and Weiss also specialize in the manufacture of paired smooth-bore and rifled weapons - copies that are absolutely identical in all respects. Their weight, for example, can differ by no more than 1-2 grams. The only thing that differs between twin guns is the texture of the stock wood... It takes at least 2 years to make one gun, case and all necessary accessories. Paired guns are made within 3 years; No more than 10 guns are ordered annually. Hartman and Weiss GAZYRI - originally cartridges for flintlock guns, inserted into special pockets (gazyrnitsa) on the chest of the Circassian. From the 2nd half of the 19th century - their imitations made of wood, bone or metal. HAYDUKI - (from Hungarian hajduk, foot soldiers), participants in the struggle against the Turkish conquerors from the southern Slavs. The character of the Yugoslav historical epic. Dictionary of ethnographic terms
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