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AT LEISURE
To help the erudite. Database on the history, geography, biology, science, technology, sport, culture, traditions of the peoples of the world. According to the materials of the press and the Internet.
The great German composer Richard Wagner was born in 1813, graduated from school at the age of 13, wrote 13 operas, and his name in Latin transcription consists of 13 letters. Arabica is not a type of coffee, but a generic name for many varieties historically originating from Arabia (Arabica varieties - Mocha, Guatemala). Similarly, Robusta indicates the Ethiopian origin of this coffee. The Chinese, who bear the surname Chan, the most common in this country, could make up an entire state with a population of over one hundred million people. Today in the USA there are 75 thousand antenna masts with a height of more than 60 meters, and in a few years their number will increase to one hundred thousand. Migratory birds often break on these masts and antenna wires stretched over them. For example, in the winter of 1998, during a snow storm in the state of Arkansas, about 10 birds died after crashing into antennas. Across the country, the number of victims annually is estimated in the millions. When in 1871 the authorities of Tokyo decided to organize a police force in the capital, they hired retired military men for this. And since they belonged mainly to the samurai - the highest caste of the then Japanese society, ordinary citizens, asking for directions from a policeman, knelt down and touched the ground with their hands as a sign of respect. Three years passed before the authorities realized that the high status of a policeman is good, but not to the same extent! The samurai were honorably retired, and simpler people were hired for police positions. The seven wonders of the world known in the ancient world included a huge statue of Helios, the god of the Sun, on the Greek island of Rhodes. It was erected in 292 BC and, according to Pizza Margherita, got its name after the Queen of Savoy, Margherita, invited chef Rafael Esposito in 1889 to taste the dishes that ordinary people eat. One of the dishes was pizza, which the chef named after the queen. Savoy (Savoie), a former duchy located between France, Switzerland and Italy (Piedmont). Now these are two French departments of Upper Savoie (Haute Savoie) and Savoy (Savoie). When the Romans moved beyond the city limits and laid the foundation for the creation of the world Roman Empire, they were culturally backward people. The calendar year in them at first consisted of 10 months of 36 days. They began their New Year with the vernal equinox, and they named the first month of the year March, in honor of the god of war, Mars (Martus, Marzus); second April; the third is May in honor of Maya; fourth - June in honor of the goddess Juno; and the rest of the months in numbers after their order: Fifth (Quuntilius), Sixth (Sextilius), Seventh (Septembrius), Eighth (Octembrius), Ninth (Novevmbrius) and Tenth (Decembrius). The beginning of the year on January 1 is noted in the documents of the Holy Roman Empire from the 1556th - 1559th centuries, in Spain from 1563, in Denmark and Sweden - from 1575, in France - from 1600, in the Netherlands - from 1691. , in Scotland - from 1797, in Germany - from 1, in Venice - from 1691. In the documents of the papal office, the beginning of the year is combined with January XNUMX, starting from XNUMX. Big Ben is not the name of the tower, but of the 13-ton bell that rings inside the tower. Atomic clocks have an error of 1 second in six million years. One second is 9 oscillations of the radiation of a cesium-192 atom. Clocks run clockwise - from left to right - because that's the direction the sundial's shadow moves. The oldest sundial dating back to the XNUMXth century. BC, discovered in Egypt. The leap year number (with the day 29 February added) must be a multiple of four. There is an exception: years divisible by 100 are not leap years. There is an exception to the exception: years that are multiples of 400 are leap years. 1900 was not a leap year, but 2000 was. Although there are 60 seconds in one minute, there are 1000 milliseconds in one second. 24 hours of sidereal time equals 23 hours 56 minutes 4,091 seconds of mean solar time. The manuscript of a resident of Yekaterinburg was brought to our department, which consists of 150.000 (one hundred and fifty thousand) words starting with the letter P. And this is not nonsense, but a completely logical work. Some chapters are in verse, some are in prose. The author himself claims that only some Pole with a work of 20.000 words is recorded in the Book of Records. Armenia at the beginning of the 4th century became the first country to adopt Christianity and officially recognize it as the state religion. In ancient Greece, women considered their age not from the day of birth, but from the day of marriage. By this they showed that only married life had meaning for them. The longest marriage on earth is the married life of the spouses Ed and Margaret Gollen, who married on May 7, 1889 in Kentucky (USA). They celebrated their 83rd year of marriage on May 7, 1972. Ed was then 105 years old, and his wife was 99 years old. Did you know that... on the Christian website Code Alpha and Omega ... the temperature of the atmosphere of Venus is about 500 degrees Celsius. ... Ivan Kalina, Ivan III, Ivan the Terrible are buried in the Archangel Cathedral in Moscow, as well as the famous heroes of the Battle of Kulikovo - Dmitry Donskoy and Vladislav the Brave. ...the first real hand-drawn animated films were released in 1908 in France, and the first puppet (1911D) - in 1882 in Russia. The founder of Russian animated cinema is considered to be the director, artist and cameraman Vladimir Aleksandrovich Starevich (1965 - 1919), who lived in France since 1913. It was he who shot one of the masterpieces of this genre of cinema art - the Dragonfly and the Ant (XNUMX). ... after the fall of the Roman Empire in 476, the Latin alphabet was adopted by all the states that arose on its territory. ... the first cemeteries appeared in Moscow only at the end of the XNUMXth century and were intended for the burial of foreigners living in Moscow. Did you know the site Word Chicken breast contains half of the recommended daily intake of selenium. In the group of men who took a dietary supplement containing selenium, 63% fewer subjects developed prostatitis than in the group who took a placebo - a pill that was only called selenium. Freezing is one of the most effective methods of preserving the taste and quality characteristics of poultry meat used throughout the world. The shelf life of chicken meat products in this case is 12 months, and the high characteristics of the meat are practically not reduced. Freezing guarantees complete safety of storage. DID YOU KNOW THAT... on the ART-BROILER website At the end of the nineteenth century, the representation and production of Siemens in Russia were larger than in Germany, and the trade turnover of the Russian Siemens at that time exceeded that of the German one. In 1853, a branch of the company was opened in St. Petersburg, and a few years later, factories were launched for the production of cables, dynamos and diversified electrical equipment, including telegraph and telephone sets. DID YOU KNOW THAT... on the SIEMENS website in Russia Baker's yeast - Saccharomyces cerevisiae is classified as a fungus. Mushrooms, unlike plants, do not contain chlorophyll. Fungi can be both multicellular organisms with a typical mycelium, and unicellular organisms, which include yeast. In nature, yeast is present almost everywhere - in soil and water, on leaves and flowers, and even on the skin. In the process of industrial production of yeast from one tube of pure yeast culture, 15-150 tons of yeast can be obtained per week. Yeast growth rate is influenced by 4 factors - nutrients, oxygen, temperature and the pH level of the medium. 1 gram of yeast contains 10-20 billion cells. DID YOU KNOW THAT... on the RIGAS RAUGS website The most expensive car with Russian numbers has recently been running between the Central Design Bureau and the Kremlin. An armored Mercedes 600 Pullman limousine in a stretched W140 body, stuffed with all kinds of special communications equipment, costs at least DM1,5 million in Germany. $1 million. Yeltsin is known to have several Pullmans: the exact number is kept secret from curious taxpayers. The most unlucky traffic cop in Russia turned out to be Captain Viktor Loginov. It was on the Moscow Ring Road, near the Kyiv highway (post-picket No43). After 30 years of completely blameless service, judging by his personal card, the captain got caught for 100 thousand rubles and was fired from the authorities a few months before retirement. Senior Inspector Loginov did not know that our magazine's employee was helping the Department of Internal Security of the Moscow Traffic Police to clear his hometown of bribe-takers. The most emergency region of Russia is the Taimyr Autonomous Okrug. According to data for 1998, 10 accidents occurred there per 91,3 vehicles (although there are not 10 vehicles in the district - only 000). The safest region in Russia is the Buryat Autonomous Okrug, where the accident rate is 3111. On average, in Russia last year, 20,2 accidents occurred for every 10 vehicles. The most expensive car park was discovered at Sheremetyevo-1 Airport in the spring of 1997. For daily parking they asked for 355 thousand rubles - almost 60 US dollars. The right to free parking was granted only to people's deputies, intelligence officers and diplomats. The most unusual order for interior decoration was recently received by specialists from Alarm-Service. The customer - a lady - was not satisfied with the standard leather interior of Mercedes W129. She asked that the entire interior, from the dashboard to the seats, be re-draped in light gray and dark blue leather of the highest quality (they were made with special massage weaving). The order was carried out by four masters for three weeks. The exclusive cost the customer $23. The most outlandish audio system in a used VAZ-2106 car was supplied in 1996 by TechArt. The system cost four times as much as the car, even though it consisted of only two Tannoy speakers, a three-piece Nakamichi head unit, and an Audio Note tube amplifier (components cost $10). Alas, the VAZ high-end on-board network did not pull. But the installers believe that the experience was a success and deserves to be repeated in a decent car. The most expensive audio system for $35 was installed last year on a Mercedes CL car by a Moscow company (we were asked not to name its name in order not to scare away customers). However, this record can be surpassed at any time: a tube car amplifier Audio Note Ongaku is now being sold in Moscow for $39,9 thousand. One such was recently sold in the USA, the second - in the Middle East. The maximum speed at sports competitions was reached on August 2, 1998 at the Research Center for Testing and Fine-tuning Automotive Mechanics (Dmitrovsky Avtoproving Ground) during the drag racing competition for the Cup of the Moscow Hot Rod Club. During preliminary testing of cars on a five-kilometer dynamometer track, superstreet competitor (acceleration to 100 km/h in less than 7 seconds) Victor Norolin in his Porsche 928GT (330 hp) accelerated to 275 km/h. The loudest music was created by Autolux specialists in Nissan Terrano II in 1998. Their Bluesmobile is four amplifiers, six speakers and nine subwoofers, developing a sound pressure of 147 dB. So far, this Jericho trumpet has officially secured a more modest record: 135,9 dB. This is quite enough to feel the movement of their own internal organs. Coca-Cola's name in China was first read as Kekoukela, meaning Wax Tadpole Bite or Wax Woman's Horse, depending on the dialect. The company went through 40000 combinations of characters to find the phonetic equivalent of kokou kole - happiness in the mouth. Alfred Hitchcock was born on August 13, 1899 in London to a grocer's family. His parents were devout Catholics, and Hitchcock was educated at the Jesuit College of St. Ignatius. Once, as a child, for a minor offense, his father took him to the local police station and asked him to lock the boy in a cell there for several hours. Subsequently, Hitchcock was afraid of the police all his life and never drove a car because of this. Stack.ru. Reason to drink August 13 The surname Krupp was first mentioned in official documents in 1587. Living in the Netherlands in a rural community, they, fleeing persecution for their faith, moved to the county of Berg, the city of Essen. On November 20, 1811, during the Napoleonic Continental Blockade of Britain, Friedrich Krupp, a member of an old Essen merchant family, set up with two partners a factory for the production of English cast steel and its products. Krupp family The oldest and largest weapons production was organized at the beginning of the 1712th century in Tula, the center of the iron industry in Russia at that time, based on local iron ores. Here, by decree of Peter I in 20, the first state arms factory was built. Up to 10 rifles and up to 100 pistols were produced annually on it. To master this production, Peter I received from the Prussian king Friedrich Wilhelm I twelve craftsmen from the arms factory in Spandau. In return, Peter I sent XNUMX tall recruits to the Prussian king. Suriname is a state in the northeast of South America. It borders French Guiana to the east, Brazil to the south, and Guyana to the west. In the north it is washed by the Atlantic Ocean. Before the arrival of Europeans, Suriname was inhabited by the Arawak, Carib and Warrau tribes. The first Europeans were the Dutch in 1581. In 1922, Suriname (at that time Dutch Guiana) became part of the Netherlands, in 1954 it received the status of an equal member of the kingdom. November 25, 1975 Suriname gained independence, after which about 40 thousand people emigrated to Holland. 100Top.ru - Countries - Suriname It happened in the same year, sad for world history, 1933. In Germany, the former corporal Adolf Hitler became the chancellor of the country, and in Cuba, Sergeant Batista was immediately promoted to colonel ... The revolution that began in Cuba in 1933 swept away the dictatorship of Machado, the tyrant himself fled to the United States, and with him the generals who served him faithfully. For some time, the army, left without a commander and in fact without a general staff, turned out to be uncontrollable. Batista, who was well aware of the situation in the barracks and headquarters, immediately took advantage of this. Together with a number of other corporals and sergeants, on September 4, 1933, he took over the leadership of the army. Already on September 8, 1933, a decree appeared in the government newspaper Gaceta official de la República, which stated: First: promote sergeant ... Fulgencio Batista ... to the rank of colonel for military merit and exceptional activity for the good of the motherland. Second: appoint Colonel Fulgencio Batista as Chief of the General Staff. CUBA: TYRANTS AND TYRANTONS (Fulgencio Batista and Fidel Castro) Delusion, a set of ideas and ideas that do not correspond to reality, distort it and cannot be corrected. B. completely takes possession of consciousness and is characterized by a violation of logical thinking. A symptom of many mental illnesses (schizophrenia, alcoholism, etc.). There are two types of B. With the so-called. Rational, logical cognition is affected by primary B.: the distorted judgment is consistently supported by a number of subjective proofs that have their own system. This type of B. is resistant and tends to progress. Sensual B. - figurative, with a predominance of dreams, fantasies. His ideas are fragmentary, inconsistent; not only rational, but also sensory cognition is violated. Elimination of B. can be achieved in the treatment of the underlying disease. Great Soviet Encyclopedia A simple Lutheran pastor covered 8 kilometers on a unicycle. In April, he started from New York Manhattan, intending to tour all the American states, and has just completed an unusual journey. 15 years ago, he overcame a similar route on an ordinary two-wheeled bicycle. With one wheel, the pastor had, of course, more difficult. The pastor's wife and two of their children, also riding unicycles, joined the pope on the last leg of the race, which ended at the Statue of Liberty in New York. All the funds that Lars Clausen managed to raise during the event (it attracted a large number of sponsors) will go to the Eskimos of Alaska. For three years, the pastor lived with his wife with these Eskimos and led the most primitive life - he hunted fur seals, made fire on his own, in general, tried to survive in difficult conditions under the guidance of complaisant Eskimos, whom he now decided to repay with kindness. Tokyo is discussing a plan to cool the city. It has become too hot in the Japanese capital, and the nation, deservedly having the glory of the most technically advanced nation on the planet, intends to cool itself off: to launch an underground pipeline with sea water under Tokyo. By the same principle that Helsinki is heated on cold winter days. Or bathrooms, the owners of which want to step on the warm floor in the morning. The Japanese project is grandiose. And he's not the first of his kind. Somehow, the Japanese rulers have an enduring penchant for this kind of building of the century and continue to make such proposals, despite massive criticism from the common people. So, the former Prime Minister of Japan, Yoshiro Mori, dreamed of connecting Tokyo with ... London by rail, for which it was proposed, for a start, to dig the longest underwater tunnel in the world: 177 kilometers from Tokyo to South Korea. Smog shrouds Beijing - one of the largest Asian cities. It is all the more strange that Beijing was chosen as the capital of the 2008 Olympics. After all, if the Olympics started now, then the athletes in the hundred-meter race would not have seen the finish line beyond the cinders. There is little dirt from construction sites, industrial facilities and one and a half million cars. Add to that the yellow cloud of dust from the Mongolian steppes that rises every spring, reaches Beijing and floats on, sometimes reaching Seoul, the South Korean capital. However, Beijing is trying to rectify the situation. The authorities have invested $13 billion in projects aimed at improving the environmental situation. And the efforts are not in vain: in the late 80s, everything was much worse. The air over Beijing was then so polluted that sometimes the city was indistinguishable for space satellite tracking systems. What Spaniards, it turns out, are still depraved people. More specifically, the Valencians. More precisely, visitors to the Charleston pub in the city of Montcada. A very unusual establishment. The Liberty Pub, as the sign says. And this freedom is of a very definite kind. At first, ordinary lovers of drinking and talking gathered in this institution. Then a zone for nudists appeared on the second floor, where a Jacuzzi was installed. And what is happening now in this jacuzzi, it’s just inconvenient to tell. Citizens - 15-20 people - climb into the gurgling water in the nude, splash there, and then enter into reprehensible relationships. At the same time, the vast majority of visitors do not know each other before meeting in a jacuzzi and will never see each other again. Girls can visit the institution on any day (the pub is open from 11 pm to 37 am), men are allowed from Sunday to Friday, and Saturday is the day of married couples. Citizens come in pairs and enjoy the sight of how the other half shamelessly indulges in love joys with a stranger or a stranger. In order to get into the jacuzzi, you have to pay XNUMX euros at the entrance. This amount includes four alcoholic drinks at the bar (apparently, a drink is necessary for courage). The establishment is wildly popular. Even married couples from France go there. There, go, you will not find such freedom during the day with fire.
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