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AT LEISURE
To help the erudite. Database on the history, geography, biology, science, technology, sport, culture, traditions of the peoples of the world. According to the materials of the press and the Internet.
In ancient times, when the counting system was already well developed, there were no special symbols denoting numbers. The numbers were replaced by letters of the usual alphabet. So, about three hundred years before our era, letters denoted counting signs in the ancient Hebrew state. In Rus', the letter count was abolished only under Peter I. On Russian coins issued before 1720, the dates of minting were indicated by letters, above which a wavy sign was placed - the title. Its presence indicated that the letter a should be read as the number one. A.A. Shchelokov Bible: reading together skeptik.net/ supersti/beastnum .htm Scientists need to instill in cockroaches the properties of territoriality. Then in the kitchen there will be a single cockroach (with a girlfriend), which will drive strangers. I even agree that it will be the size of a cat - as long as it is affectionate and does not stomp its feet. mopo3ko.narod.ru/ Historians claim that one of Napoleon's bowls was made from the skull of the famous Count Cagliostro. And last year, it was revealed that late comedian and director Del Close had donated his skull to Chicago's Goodman Theatre. Specifically - to use it as a prop in the play Hamlet. sluhi.narod.ru/ world/ 2000/ 22_05_02 .htm Two years after the invention of photography by the French scientist Louis Daguerre, his assistant André Lefebvre was arrested for trying to sell an obscene photographic card. It showed a woman simulating sexual intercourse with a pony. sluhi.narod.ru/world/2000_08/01_3.htm In the 19th century, Italy levied a tax on foreign signs and signs. Under Mussolini, the use of foreign languages in advertisements and in caps of documents was punishable by a 6-month prison sentence. Singapore's police dogs were taught English as a second language. Thus, the servants of the order ensured that the dogs understood not only Chinese, but also English commands. Bilingualism has long been an issue in Canada. The province of Quebec even wanted to achieve autonomy in order for its French to be recognized as dominant. In everyday life, both languages are often mixed according to the type: Allo - c'est me, votre brother englishphone! I know bien that to live ensemble will prend sacrifices certains Sacre bleu! Let's parle this over! Some people think that a language with 15 possible readings of the word Pennsylvania (meaning, of course, English) is impossible to learn. Representatives of tribes isolated from civilization are not able to distinguish images in the photograph. For them, this is nothing more than a set of spots. webxpert.ru/fpo2.html RUN CHENG - in ancient Chinese myths and legends, a magician, a wizard, a soothsayer, a teacher of famous rulers with a mysterious fate Huang-di and, possibly, Lao-tzu. It is Rong Cheng who is credited with the invention of the calendar, time counting and immortality, which is supposedly achieved through sexual activity. According to chronicles, he also knew the secret of the return of youth and returned to Earth in 1010, centuries after his first death. libriary.boom.ru/encyclo/ufo/j/j12.htm Each child using diapers creates about 1500 kg of garbage in their lifetime - used diapers that emit methane into the atmosphere and provoke a greenhouse effect. In the Russian translation of Winnie the Pooh and Everything, Everything, Everything by B. Zakhoder, there are three extra chapters that are missing in the original. opd-mars.narod.ru/ Know .htm In 1993, the Japanese company Nippondenso released a model of the first Toyota passenger car (AA Sedan 1936). The miniature car was equipped with an electric motor and had the following dimensions: length - 4,785 mm, width - 1,730 mm and height - 1,736 mm. The smallest aircraft weighing 0,1 g was made by Don Emmik from Seattle, USA. The role of the engine in this mini-plane was performed by an ordinary horsefly. In 1996, a helicopter with a length of 24 mm, a height of 8 mm and a main rotor diameter of 13 mm was manufactured at the Institute of Microtechnology in the German city of Mainz. The No. 000 series 7 brush created by Winsor and Newton is made from 150-200 sable hairs and weighs only 15 mg. The smallest biplane ever flown, the Bumby Bi-2, was designed by Robert G. Starr of Tempe, USA. Arizona, USA. This aircraft, designed for one person, had a length of 2,69 m, a wingspan of 1,68 m and a weight of 179,6 kg. The smallest Baby Bird monoplane in the world, designed and built by Donald R. Stitz, was 3,35 m long with a wingspan of 1,91 m and a weight of 1 kg. The ultralight single-seat helicopter Meremet WS-8, made in Denmark in 1976, had a dead weight of 53 kg and a main rotor with a diameter of 4,5 m. The digital cassette for voice recorders of the Japanese company Sony has dimensions of 30x21x5 mm. On January 26, 1923, 6 pieces of music were recorded on 33,3 mm discs at the H.M.V. studio in Hayes, Middlesex, UK. The total circulation is 92 copies. Among the TVs themselves, the palm belongs to the Casio-Keisanki TV-10 model, which weighs 338 g and has a 6,85 cm wide screen. It was launched in Tokyo in July 1983. The smallest mass-produced camera Petal is made in Japan - its diameter is 2,9 cm and its width is 1,65 cm. National Laboratory at Oak Ridge, pc. Tennessee, USA, makes video cameras measuring 2,54 x 5,08 x 1,27 cm. In 1989 at the National Institute of Standards and Technology, pcs. Colorado, USA, a glass prism was made, the length of the faces of which was equal to 0,01 mm. In 1996, test tubes with a length of 1 micron (1 millionth of a meter) and an internal diameter of less than 10 nm (10 billionths of a meter) were made for chemical experiments at the École Politecnic Federal de Lausanne, Switzerland. In 1994, John McCaffrey and Jean-Marc Baribeau of the Institute for Microstructural Research at the National Science Council, Canada, designed a ruler to measure the size of objects under an electron microscope. The smallest division of the ruler is equal to the thickness of 18 atoms, and the total length of 5 rulers will be equal to the thickness of a human hair. The smallest microphone The dimensions of the smallest microphone in the world are 1,5x0,76 mm, and its sensitivity lies in the range of 10 Hz-10 kHz. It was created in 1967 by Prof. Ibrahim Kavarak of Bogazici University, Istanbul, Turkey, to measure the pressure of fluid flow. Tom McEwen invented radar based on a 4 cm2 silicon crystal. The base component costs less than $15 to manufacture. The radar can detect moving objects up to 50 m. It is also used as a non-contact liquid level gauge in industrial tanks and an electronic stethoscope Dr. Frederick Sachs of the University of New York in Buffalo, USA, designed an ultramicrothermometer to measure the temperature of individual living cells. The diameter of its tip is 1 micron, which is about 1/50 of the diameter of a human hair. The tip of the manipulators of scanning electron tunneling microscopes is sharpened so that it ends with a single atom. The last 3 layers are the smallest pyramid made by human hands. They consist of 7,3 and 1 atoms, respectively. Grapefruit (which literally means grape fruit) got its name because its fruits grow on branches so closely and close to each other, and from afar they resemble large grapes. If all the oceans were dried up, the remaining salt could be used to build a wall 230 kilometers high and almost 2 km thick, which would circle the entire globe along the equator. The salt of all oceans is 15 times the volume of the entire European continent. The average depth of the Pacific Ocean is 4281 meters, Indian - 3963, Atlantic - 3926 meters. The first in Europe to produce goods from rubber were the French, who around 1800 began to make suspenders and garters. All about everything, vol. 1, M., AST, 1995 Throughout the 6th and most of the 20th centuries, only three coins were minted in the Muscovite state: a denga, a kopeck (two dengas) and a half-dollar (half-dengi). In those days, they counted not for pennies, but for money and altyn (each altyn had 70 money). Not a single document of old Moscow origin will ever meet an entry that would say that such and such a product costs 6 kopecks (or 23 kopecks). The price was indicated as follows: 20 altyns and four dengas or 10 altyns and two dengas. They also counted in hryvnia, half a ruble and ruble. The hryvnia consisted of 5 money (XNUMX kopecks), half - from XNUMX hryvnia, and the ruble - from two half. But neither altyn, nor hryvnia, nor half, nor ruble existed in the form of real coins - they were only counting units. The Russian ruble of the times of, say, Ivan the Terrible or Boris Godunov is by no means a silver disk of solid size, as it will be much later, but a weighty bag that could fit one hundred or two hundred small coins ... The smallest object created by man. The tip of the manipulators of scanning electron tunneling microscopes is sharpened so that it ends with a single atom. The last 3 layers are the smallest pyramid made by human hands. They consist of 7,3 and 1 atoms, respectively. In the office of the owner of the largest American television company TBS, Ted Turner, the motto hangs: Television is entertainment for the poor. A person blinks an average of 11500 times a day. Scientists have found that every tenth Englishman does not tip if the waitress's hair is decorated with a flower. GQ November 2001 Insects consume a tenth of all food produced on our planet. GQ November 2001 The most expensive coffee in the world is Japanese Kopi Luwak. The coffee beans are first fed to the palm civet, a small tree-dwelling animal, and then extracted from its excrement. For 250 g of these grains they take $ 75. Trade equipment (torg.spb.ru/ 2001/arch08/now .html) The most profitable football company in the world is Manchester United, $125 million in annual profit. GQ November 2001 The Romans called this place Vicus Calidas - the Village at the warm springs, and at the beginning of the 2001th century, King Henry IV turned the village into a resort and named it with its modern name - Vichy. November XNUMX In the 2001th century, there was a noble hunt in the vicinity of Baden-Baden: Viardot and I killed up to three hundred hares alone, Turgenev wrote to Fet. November XNUMX San Francisco chemist Rudolph Noble studied different types of fabric for their ability to absorb smoke. It turned out that polyester absorbs 30 times less smoke than wool, cotton or even rayon. Men's Health November 2001 American beggars opened a college - not for teaching various useful trades, but for imparting their specific skill in begging and other wisdom inherent in their occupation. The meaning - or rather the name - of the Internet symbol @ varies among different nationalities. The Serbs: a, gone mad, the poetically minded Turks have a rose, the Dutch see it as a monkey's tail, and the Poles - just a monkey. The British, French, Israelis and Koreans call this simsol a snail, despite its considerable speed. For more mundane Thai people, this is a worm rolled up in a ring. Paris is both a male and a female name. In India, there is still a belief that in order for some mechanism to work well, it must be married to the most beautiful girl. Allegedly, then there will be someone to pray for him to the gods. So, a steam locomotive was recently married. Since this is a necessary and useful thing, they looked for a bride for him very carefully. This strange wedding was solemn: the girl danced for the groom to the lingering melodies, and at night she lay naked in an empty carriage and sang mantras. The English nursery rhyme Humpty Dumpty is dedicated to King Richard III, who actually fell off the wall during the battle of 1485. No language in the world has a word for the back of the knee. Most Rolls-Royces per capita are in Hong Kong. ukrinter.com/gn_article.asp?ID=3453&NID=60&LEVEL=3 In 1906, Chief Librarian Herbert Putnam received a personal congratulation from President Theodore Roosevelt for acquiring the collection of Gennady Vasilyevich Yudin, the most famous bibliophile from Krasnoyarsk. The collection consisted of about 100 thousand volumes and was at that time the largest private collection in Russia. Yudin tried to sell her inside the crumbling empire, but to no avail. The transfer of books to the Library of Congress saved the collection from the destructive elements of the revolution in Russia. vechny.com/america/am042500.htm 15th century Russian recipe for writing ink (boiled ink). Their recipe is as follows: part of the oak bark, the other alder, half ash, and this put a full vessel of iron or clay and cook with water until the water boils, not all of it, and the rest of the water, pour into the vessel, and boil the packs of pouring water in the same way, and put fresh bark and then boil without bark, and put the tin into the boards, tying it up and put the iron in and interfere, and on the third day write. The library at Uppsala University in Sweden has a silver bible that is over 4 years old. It is written in silver ink on red parchment. lib.tstu.tver.ru/about_book_XNUMX.htm Once, Leonardo da Vinci drew a series of cubes: the first, falling, knocks down the second, the second - knocks down the third, and so on without end. At the bottom he made an inscription: One pushes the other. Under the drawing, Leonardo gives this explanation: These cubes represent generations and human knowledge. George Guess, an Iroquois Indian, was born in 1770 in the Wille Valley. He invented the alphabet for his tribe and taught his fellow tribesmen to write. When his tribe was driven across the Mississippi, he went with his people and died in 1843 in New Mexico. From its Indian name, the word Sequoia came from. In St. Petersburg in 1799, guitars were sold in the chocolate shop of the merchant Korlin, which was located in Kusovnikov's house. These guitars were the best in St. Petersburg. According to Slavic beliefs, camel hair protects against kikimor. Among the Russians, the black ear was called the ear with cloves, without spices - naked, and with pepper - white. In Scotland, it is believed that forty cats must be burned to receive the special gift of seeing what others cannot see. In the ancient African state of Oyo (Nigeria), when the people were dissatisfied with the ruler, they brought him a parrot egg, which means that the ruler must commit suicide. The great French philosopher - educator Voltaire considered the Jews to be a wandering horde of Arabs called Jews, another barbaric people, which is demonstrated through the Bible itself. He argued that the Jews are in no way chosen, but quite the contrary: they are always inferior to the people around them. Voltaire considered them just thieves. Their Bible and the whole civilization, in his opinion, was basically borrowed from others. Fichte and Hegel stressed that the Jews are the quintessence of moral bankruptcy. Patricia Kaas, a French pop star for more than a decade, was discovered by Gerard Depardieu, who acted for the first time as her producer. In Japan, an automatic dog language translator will soon go on sale. The device consists of a microphone, which is attached to the animal's collar, and a display. Analyzing the features of dog barking, the translator identifies six emotions in it and, depending on their ratio, determines the mood of the dog, which the owner will learn about from the picture and explanatory inscription on the screen. Alphabet, No33, 2001 The beans of the coffee tree have been used by East African tribes for centuries as a food product. No one brewed coffee in ancient times, they ate it just like that. Russian Trade, No12, 2001 The most unlucky ship in the history of navigation is the cargo ship Argo Merchant, launched in 1953. For example, it took him eight months to sail from Japan to the United States. It was a very adventurous flight. On the way, the ship collided with a tanker, burned down three times and called at the ports along the way for repairs five times. In 1968, the Argo Merchant survived a crew mutiny and sank off Borneo in 1969. After that, it was raised, and for five years it was repaired at the shipyard of Curacao. During the first voyage after repairs, the ship ran into rocks near Sicily. The following year, the boiler blew up six times on the ship, the control failed once. Finally, in 1976, the Argo Merchant sank completely off the Cape Cod peninsula. On the Edge of the Impossible, No14, 2001 A resident of Dubai saved his cousin living in India from disgrace. The bridegroom ran away from the girl 20 minutes before the wedding, and 21-year-old Amina was inconsolable, like 500 friends and relatives invited from all over India. Having learned about such a shameful situation for Amina, Mohammed Mustakim, the uncle of the girl, suggested that his 28-year-old son correct the situation. And he agreed, having phoned his Indian relatives and saying yes, I take this woman as a wife on the telephone. rbn.ru
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