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AT LEISURE
To help the erudite. Database on the history, geography, biology, science, technology, sport, culture, traditions of the peoples of the world. According to the materials of the press and the Internet.
Latin names of the Zodiac signs: Aquarius - Aquarius, Pisces - Pisces, Aries - Aries, Taurus - Taurus, Gemeni - Gemini, Cancer - Cancer, Leo - Leo, Vigro - Virgo, Libra - Libra, Scorpius - Scorpio, Sagittarius - Sagittarius, Capricornus - Capricorn. The motto In God We Trust was originally the motto of the state of Florida and has become the motto of the entire country since 1956. When calling Muslims to prayer, the muezzin grabs his earlobes with his fingers and proclaims each of the five phrases three times: Allah is great!, I testify, there is no god but Allah!, I testify, Muhammad is the messenger of Allah!, Seek salvation!, Go to prayer. Marinades were originally the name given to foods that were placed in sea water for salting. In Ancient Greece, the creditor placed a sign on the debtor's land, indicating that if the debt was not paid, the land would become the property of the creditor. This sign was called a mortgage. The US Congress officially declared war only 5 times: in 1812 to Napoleon, in 1846 to Mexico, in 1898 to Spain, during the 1st and 2nd World Wars. Avery Dulles, 82, became the first American to be elevated to the rank of cardinal by Pope John Paul II. Cedi Nina and Paul Travilan became kissing champions, kissing 20 thousand times in 2 hours. As the champions said, in order not to lose shape, they constantly train and follow a special diet: French fries with fish and oysters. The painter from the Netherlands, Henk Stolp, owns the miracle mustache. Their length is 70 centimeters, and for the last 10 years Henk has devoted most of his time to caring for them: every day he washes, combs, and oils them to give them the desired shape. 103-year-old Texas resident Ralph Niderson became the father of little Tommy. That’s why his children from his first marriage (there are three of them), 14 grandchildren and 37 great-grandchildren were surprised! As for the baby's mother (she is 39 years old, and they have been married for a little over a year), she believes that from such a caring and strong man like Ralph, it would be a sin not to give birth to a brother or sister for Tommy... German engineer Wilheim Niemeyer built himself a house from an unusual material - telephone directories from all over the world (65844 in total), fastened together using ordinary wood glue. The construction of this three-story house with four bedrooms, three bathrooms, an office, and a two-car garage took about six years. There is a place - the only one on the entire globe where you can fearlessly challenge morality and society by sticking already unnecessary chewing gum to the wall. This is gum alley - a corridor between two brick walls in the American city of San Lewis. For more than 40 years, not only locals, but also tourists have been coming here to leave their mark. The smallest newspaper in the world is Posta sen'orija. It comes out in Brazil. Its length is 3.5 cm, width 2.5 cm. It consists of 16 pages. The newspaper's circulation is 5000 copies. The economic basis of the Vatican's power is income from investments and donations. This state is one of the largest capital owners in the world. The Vatican is a major land owner in Italy, Spain, Germany, France and other countries. Significant income comes from foreign tourism and the issuance of postage stamps. The role of the Vatican in world politics and economics is determined by its enormous influence on the Catholic population of the planet (about 900 million people). The American state of Oklahoma was settled in the spring of 1889. Until this time, the state's lands belonged to the Indians and there was almost no white population there. After these lands were opened for settlement, settlers occupied the site in accordance with the principle: whoever came first is the owner. Until now, scientists do not have a sufficiently substantiated explanation of the nature of ball lightning. It has been suggested that ball lightning feeds radio emissions generated by lightning discharges of atmospheric electricity. Or that ball lightning occurs when a significant amount of water enters the channel of ordinary lightning. But all this still remains only at the level of assumptions. According to statistics, the average Japanese spends $880 a year on obtaining various information (magazines, newspapers, Internet, television...), an American - $1000. Don’t champ at your food like a pig and don’t scratch your head. Don’t speak without swallowing a piece, because that’s what the ignorant do. Don’t eat like a pig and don’t blow into your ear (that is, soup) so that it splashes everywhere. Don’t shake your legs everywhere and don’t gnaw on bones, but cut them with a knife. Do not clean your teeth with a knife, but with a toothpick. Don’t make a fence of bones, bread crusts, etc. around your plate. An honest mirror of youth, or indications for everyday life, 1717 Gemma (from Latin gemma) is a precious or semi-precious stone with embedded (intaglio) or convex (cameo) images. To obtain 1 kg of rose oil, it is necessary to process 3 tons of petals. During a sacrifice, the ancient Incas could sacrifice a parrot instead of a person if it could speak. During World War II, Canada minted a five-cent coin with the inscription in Morse code: We win when we work with the hunt. This is the only known use of Morse code on coins. After the collapse of the Austro-Hungarian Empire in 1918. A hammer and sickle appeared in the eagle's Paws, and on its head was a tower crown, reminiscent of a fragment of a city wall. These three elements symbolize the union of peasants, workers and bourgeoisie. Natya Sastra - teaches the art of dance. The famous Indian linguist Panini, who lived in the XNUMXth century BC, was illiterate; his works were transmitted orally and were written down only several centuries later. In 1799, at official dinners in England, the first toast was made to King George III. In Russia - Emperor Paul I. The second toast in both Russia and England was a toast in honor of Count Suvorov. The Chuvash rarely quarrel among themselves, but when they are furious, they want revenge. In the past, their revenge consisted of hanging themselves in the yard of the offender. The court arrived, the investigation began and endless harassment began not only of the owner where the crime was committed, but also of the entire village. The Chuvash called such a misfortune a dry misfortune. Millstone in women's clothing of the 17th century. - This is a collar that fits tightly to the neck. Gorilla was the name given to the lining under the millstone collar, and later began to be worn as an independent collar. From the end of the 17th century. Organizers of horse racing began to make money bets. Special areas where bookmakers operated and concluded deals were called rings. An old Russian superstition: if a fly flies into the cabbage soup, it’s good luck. The length of the day in the Devonian period was 22 hours. In the late 70s, anthropology professor William Retjie gained recognition in academic circles as the father of the new science of garbology. Garbology is the science of garbage. The Germans call the black raven an iron bird. King Louis XIV did not tolerate forks. Ladies who use forks and find it impossible to touch food with their hands irritated him. Especially for such ladies, the king gave the servants an unusual order. Louis ordered hair to be thrown into the plates. The abbreviation IQ was first used by the German psychologist Stern in 1912. The name of the dog food company Pedigree comes from the French Died-de-grue, which literally translates as the footprint of a crane. The combination WWW (World Wide Web) was invented in 1992 by Tim Berners-Lee. The ancient name for chess - chaturanga in Sanskrit means four parts, since initially four people took part in the game. On the flag of Iran, the inscription Allah Akbar is repeated 22 times in memory of the date of Bahman 22, 1357 (February 11, 1979), when the spiritual leader of the nation, Ayatollah Khomeini, returned to the country after a long exile. Jerome van Aaken is the real name of the artist Hieronymus Bosch. Initially, the word character meant seal, imprint, chasing. Jorge Luis Borges called the war between Great Britain and Argentina over the Falkland Islands (Malvinas) the war of two bald men over a comb. After the expulsion of Jews and Arabs from Spain by decree on March 31, 1492, the Turkish Sultan Bayazet II said: Ferdinand of Spain is a stupid king! He ruined his country and enriched ours. The most popular and performed song in English-speaking countries is Happy Birthday to You. The most popular songwriters are John Lennon and Paul McCartney, the songwriters who wrote the most number one songs on the charts. The largest grand piano, weighing 1,25 tons and 3,55 m long, was manufactured by Chas. H.Challer and Son Ltd. London, in 1935 The largest organ is the Auditorium, Atlantic City, New Jersey, 1930. The instrument had two consoles (one with 7 keyboards and the other a mobile one with 5), 1477 keys and 33112 pipes from 4,7 mm to 19,5 m. The largest orchestra was conducted by Johann Strauss Jr. on June 17, 1872 in Boston, Massachusetts, USA. The orchestra had 987 instruments, including 400 first violins. The world's largest opera house - Metropolitan Opera House, New York, 1996. The 137-meter-long hall accommodates 3800 seats. The width of the stage is 71 m, the depth is 44,5 m. The La Scala Theater (Milan) and the Bolshoi Theater (Moscow) have the largest number of tiers - 6. The largest theater is in the building of the National Congress, Beijing, China (1959), 10000 seats, occupied area - 5,2 hectares. The largest capacity building purpose-built for a theater is the Amusement Theater in Perth, Australia (1976) - 8003 seats, stage area 1148 square meters. The largest open-air theater is the Flavian Amphitheater (Roman Colosseum), built in 80 AD, can accommodate 87000 people, maximum length - 187 m, width - 175 m. The prototype of the main character of Daniel Defoe's novel Robinson Crusoe was Alexander Selkirk, a navigator from an English ship engaged in sea robbery in the Pacific Ocean. Off the coast of Chile on the island of Mas a Tierra in the Juan Fernandez archipelago, he remained voluntarily. It was discovered by accident more than four years later, when sailors from Woods Rogers' ship landed on the island in search of fresh water. Selkirk was also seen by Captain Cook, who described the meeting with him in his diary. The original idea for the title of the novel Doctor Zhivago was Boys and Girls. Lady Ramaiana In Thailand, 84 members of parliament can commit offenses twice without losing their immunity, but after the third offense they lose parliamentary immunity Before joining the 13 founding states of the United States in 1791, Vermont was called the Republic of New Connecticut. The longest name, consisting of 622 letters, belongs to Miss S. Ellen Georgiana Ser-Lekken (born 1979, Montana, USA). The first letter C is the beginning of a 598 letter name. Her relatives call her Snowwool or simply Oli. The very first film show took place on April 14, 1894 on Broadway, New York, USA. The very first sound film was made by Yu.A. Lostom (1857-1935). He patented his invention on August 11, 1906 in London, UK. The largest book is the Super Book, measuring 2,74 x 3,07 m and weighing 252,6 kg (published in Denver, Colorado, USA, 1976). The most read books: the Bible (translated into 286 languages), second place - works by V.I. Lenin (translated into 222 languages). The largest libraries are the Library of Congress of the United States - 85 million units. publications (founded in 1800); New York Public Library - 11907217 volumes, 14466478 manuscripts, 363679 maps (founded 1895); British Library - 15,5 million volumes of books. Longest life expectancy of animals in captivity: The golden hamster lived for 19 years. The message came in 1984 from Cambridge, UK. In Longford, the rabbit lived in captivity for 18 years and 10 3/4 months. A guinea pig whose lifespan was 14 years and 10 1/2 months (Nottinghamshire, UK) is listed in the Guinness Book of Records. In Philadelphia, USA, in 1924, a case of longevity of the common rat was recorded. Her age was 5 years and 8 months. Largest litters: In Kingham, UK, a Siamese cat gave birth to 7 adorable kittens to her owner on August 1970, 15, four of them were born dead. Much luckier were 23 American Foxhound puppies from Pennsylvania, USA, born on June 19, 1944. The record holder from Lancshire, Great Britain, deserves special attention. On February 12, 1982, a house mouse gave birth to thirty-four small rodents. In an international study of 4th, 8th, and 12th grade students' performance in math and science, Israel ranked 20th and 28th, respectively, with an average score 20 points below the international average. Russia is in 8th and 12th, the USA is in 13th and 14th, and the first two places are occupied by Singapore and Taiwan. The word vegetarian was coined in 1842 by the founders of the British Vegetarian Society. The Latin vegetus was taken as the basis, which means strong, healthy, fresh, vigorous. The phrase homo vegetus indicates a spiritually and physically developed person. English historian Howard Reed believes that King Arthur was Russian in origin. According to his research, the future king of Britain entered the service of the Romans, being a Sarmatian, that is, a native of the southern Russian steppes. Having a princely title and a squad, he then ended up with several thousand Russian soldiers in England under an agreement with the Roman Emperor Marcus Aurelius. In support of his hypothesis, the British scientist cites facts of similarity between the symbolism from burials discovered on the territory of Russia and that depicted on the banners of King Arthur’s army. The largest (by number of victims) disasters: Eurasia: the Black Death (bubonic, pneumonic, septicemic plague) claimed 75 human lives (000-000). About 35 peasants in China were exterminated by the Mongols (000-000). About 30 people died from famine in northern China (000-000). It has been established that more than 1959 million people died during the post-war famine (after the First World War) in 1961-5 in the USSR. Approximately the same figure is called by experts about the victims of organized famine in Ukraine and other regions of the USSR in 1920. In June 1941, about 4000 people died while escaping an air raid in China. It is believed that about 5000 people died in the stampede on Khodynka Field during the coronation of Tsar Nicholas II in May 1896. The explosion of a fuel tanker inside the Salang Tunnel in Afghanistan killed about 1100 people on November 2 or 3, 1982. According to some estimates, after Soviet troops blocked both ends of the 2,7 km tunnel, 2700 people died from suffocation. Smooth compositions such as Brahms' Lullaby make sharks fall into a trance. muzobozrenie.ru/turubar/sharks/facts.htm At the end of the 2th century, they tried to wash with potatoes that were not completely cooked, but more boiled than raw. Later, fern ash balls were strongly recommended. Peasants without soap often supplement themselves with ash alone, and all the power of soap is in the ash. In the villages they used soap herbs - boyar arrogance (or wild soap). The Krasnoyarsk Tatars preferred maiden beauty, or ot-sa byn, which the Russians called Tatar soap. weartec.narod.ru/ History/SoapXNUMX .htm A century and a half ago, Kazan egg soap was popular in Russia. It was prepared from lard and cow butter in a ratio of one to one and three to one. It was not called egg yolk for nothing: it took from five hundred to three thousand yolks for a pound of fat. It owes its aroma (fragrance) to rose oil. In Kazan soap factories, eggs were beaten by hand, and the work was paid for with the whites of broken eggs. Sometimes the eggs were replaced with Orléans to achieve egg tones - this soap was called fake. weartec.narod.ru/ History/Soap3 .htm To increase interest in maintaining healthy teeth and gums among its twelve million population, China has established a national holiday, the name of which can be translated as Love Your Teeth Day, which takes place every year on September 20th. The world-famous toothpaste manufacturer Colgate faced an unexpected obstacle when promoting its products in the market of Spanish-speaking countries. Translated from Spanish, colgate means the command to go and hang yourself. stom.ru/patient/what/part3.shtml The Tlingit believed that the soul of a drowned child was incarnated into a sea duck. But the soul of a baby strangled by its mother during sleep, according to the same Tlingits, turned into an owl. The Mayans recommended using lime, saltpeter, and morning dew to treat a cold in a newborn. Among the inhabitants of Easter Island, on the eve of the battle, the father gave his son a white rooster. A house that caught fire from lightning was supposed to be extinguished with milk from a black cow. In Aramaic, this word means adversary in court, in dispute or in war, obstructor, contradictor, accuser, earpiece, instigator. This word is Satan.
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