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AT LEISURE
To help the erudite. Database on the history, geography, biology, science, technology, sport, culture, traditions of the peoples of the world. According to the materials of the press and the Internet.
The shortest correspondence in the world - an exchange of messages between Victor Hugo and the publishing house Hurst and Balkket, held in 1862. The writer was on vacation. Curious about how his new book Les Misérables is selling, he sent a letter to the publishers, consisting of a single character - ? and got an answer! In the United States in 1980, a certain Erden Champeng threw a grape at a distance of 97,43 meters and accurately hit his partner in the mouth. Clemens Muther from Cologne is unmatched in showering. Starting on March 26, 1983, he continuously stood under a stream of water for 360 hours and 15 minutes, thereby setting a world record. Swiss Jean-Marc Zano on September 8, 1981 climbed on stilts to the top of a mountain with a height of 2186 meters in two hours and thirty minutes. Of all people. who have been in space, the oldest in age is Carl G. Henice, 58 years old. He launched aboard the Challenger on July 29, 1985. The youngest of the cosmonauts is German Titov, he was 25 years 329 days old when he soared into the sky in August 1961 aboard the Vostok-2 spacecraft. In ancient Greek, the crowd is ohlos. According to one of the versions, the ancient Greeks called a single representative of this crowd Okhlomon. Aviation sports include: airplane, helicopter, glider and parachuting. The Rubaiyat manuscript of Omar Khayyam sank in 1912 along with the Titanic. According to Hippocrates, the first human teeth are formed from mother's milk. Hence their name milk teeth. The International Kennel Club distinguishes 6 classes of dogs: hunting, working, small room, terriers, sports and non-sports. The Japanese firm Japan Tobacco Inc paid $370 to the family of an employee, Saburo Sanado, who died of karoshi. And Karoshi is recycling. Family members reported that Saburo worked 400 hours a month, seven days a week. The surname Dzhigarkhanyan is translated from Persian as the owner of the liver. The New York telephone company has calculated which word appears in telephone conversations more often than others. It turned out to be the word I. The Greek playwright Aeschylus died after an eagle dropped a tortoise on his head. According to legend, the eagles pick up the turtles and try to crack them open by dropping them onto the rocks. The eagle mistook Aeschylus's head for a stone (he was bald) and dropped a tortoise on him. According to Chinese legends, during the reign of Emperor Wen-di, 5 heroes appeared in the sky. The first of them held a ladle and a jug, the second - a leather bag and a sword, the third - a fan, the fourth - a hammer. And the fifth was holding ... a teapot. To appease these heroes, the emperor granted them the title of commander. So, the hero, holding the teapot, received the title of Terrible commander. Immediately after giving birth, the Scots treated the newborn with a spoonful of gin, to which earth was added. The American government has approved and promulgated new rules for making Swiss cheese, which is famous not only for its taste, but also for its characteristic large holes. It is this variety that Americans buy more often than others. From now on, the diameter of the holes in the product must be reduced to one centimeter. Whereas before, cheese producers were limited to two centimeter voids. The reasons for this decision are purely economic. The fact is that too large holes in the product do not allow machines to cut the product into neat slices. As a result, the cheese crumbles and a fairly large part of it is rejected. The International Business Machines (IBM) corporation, in fact, helped the Nazi regime to pursue a policy of genocide against Jews by supplying the Nazis with the necessary calculating equipment. Such an accusation is contained in a lawsuit, where the world leader in the field of computer technology is called an accomplice in crimes against humanity. The lawsuit was initiated almost simultaneously with the publication of the book IBM and the Holocaust. Historian Edwin Black, who wrote it, claims that International Business Machines provided Hitler's Germany with Hollerith brand tabulators, which made it possible to put the extermination of members of the lower race on an industrial basis. The efficient record-keeping system made possible by Hollerith's tabulators is said to have helped quickly identify Jews, as well as members of other ethnic minorities, and organize their transfer to the death camps. SPb Vedomosti, 14.02.2001/XNUMX/XNUMX In Ethiopia, until recently, there was a large Jewish community that called itself Beit Yisrael (House of Israel), its members are also called Falashes (from the Ethiopian falasi, exile). Making up a special sect in Judaism, the Falashas eventually received recognition from Israeli rabbis. According to the famous writer and Pushkinist Yu.N. Tynyanov, the Jewish, or rather, the Falasha origin of the poet's great-grandfather, the arap of Peter the Great, Abram Hannibal is very likely ... Is the great Russian poet a descendant of the Ethiopian Jews? (sem40.ru/famous/pis15.shtml) In addition to the famous tower in Paris, Jean Eiffel built many other structures: a bridge in Bordeaux, a viaduct in Garabi, a train station in Budapest... The original meaning of the word hybrid is a child from the marriage of a Roman with a non-Roman woman, or a free child with a slave. Since the 60s, the Inquisition has been called the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith. By the beginning of 1900, the Russian state debt reached 6 billion 150 million rubles of a new account ... Ogonyok 1901 The oldest denture was found in France. It dates back to the II-I century BC and is a metal pin. The prosthesis was inserted into the upper jaw of a man who died at about the age of thirty. And the prosthesis was inserted to him at least a year before his death. Judging by the research of French scientists, the metal from which the prosthesis was made bears traces of forging. It was inserted into the remains of a tooth, and this was done, judging by the reviews of modern dentists, quite professionally. As much as it was possible to carry out such an operation at that time. It is not clear, however, why such a painful operation was required for the gall, all the other teeth of which, apparently, were in order. The largest star (Pistol Star) at the center of the Milky Way was discovered by astronomers using the Hubble telescope. It is 100 times larger than our Sun and 10 million times brighter than it. The saltiest water was found at a depth of 3,6 kilometers in the Mediterranean Sea southwest of Crete. Its density is three times that of normal sea water. Scientists suggest that such salty waters could have formed over salt deposits that formed five to six million years ago in an area that was subsequently covered with water. Now these salty waters have formed a kind of lens with an area of 6,5 square kilometers. The strongest web is produced by the spider Latrodectus mactans, also called the black widow. Before tearing, its web is stretched in length by 27 percent. The second type of web, produced by the black widow, resists tearing with such force that it surpasses the famous Kevlar. The largest number - 167 bits - was factorized by Samuel Wagstaff of Purdue University in Indiana. (3 to the power of 349 - 1)/2 factorized by 80 and 87. This took about 100 computer hours. The most sensitive seismograph was designed in Holland. He is able to capture vibrations with an amplitude of 10 to the minus eighteenth power of a meter. For the manufacture of this device, scientists used a niobium ingot weighing one and a half (!) Tons. At current prices, this ingot pulled 9000 dollars. This material, due to its properties, is ideally suited for registering gravitational waves. The trouble, however, is that gravitational waves with such amplitudes do not often come from space to Earth - no more than every five years, and perhaps every hundred years. The oldest chewing gum in Europe was found in Sweden. Its age is 6500 years, and it is a piece of chewed birch bark. This is surprising, since natural chewing gum was usually made from pine resin. Judging by the marks on the chewing gum, scientists concluded that it was chewed mainly by children, although the taste of it, as you might guess, was not very pleasant. It remains a mystery how ancient people made something suitable for chewing from the bark. The fact is that this requires a little boiling of the bark in water, and ceramic dishes appeared only 5600 years ago. The smallest frog (Eleutherodactylus) was found by an expedition of Cuban and American scientists in the forests of Cuba at an altitude of 600 meters. Its length is less than a centimeter. This discovery adds to the glory of Cuba as the birthplace of the smallest creatures. Before this incident, the smallest birds and lizards (Sphaerodactylus schhwarzi) were found on its territory, whose length is 25 millimeters from the tip of the nose to the tip of the tail. The most ancient ice was discovered in Antarctica by geologist David Sugden from the University of Edinburgh. Its age is eight million years. Sugden came across his find quite by accident. His group studied ancient volcanic eruptions between the tongues of glaciers. It was by dating the ashes by the radiometric method that it was possible to establish that it was frozen into ice eight million years ago. If this dating is confirmed, it will mean that the climate of Antarctica has been stable for such a long time. From Hitler's directive: Where Moscow stands today, a sea must arise that will forever hide the capital of the Russian people from the civilized world. The traditional gift for Soviet submariners returning victorious from a military campaign was a live pig. The world's first project of a super-heavy tank was developed in 1911 by the son of the famous Russian chemist D. I. Mendeleev, engineer Vasily Dmitrievich Mendeleev. In 1908-1916, he worked as a designer at shipyards, supervised the development of projects for submarines and minefields. armor.kiev.ua/Tanks/WWI/Mendeleev/mend.html Inscription on Colt's grave: God created people strong and weak, and Colonel Colt made them equal. In the 30s, departmental security was armed with a Berdan rifle (Berdan rifle). automag.vrn.ru/00_13/4.html TP-82 (cosmonauts' pistol) refers to a survival weapon in case of an emergency (say, landing in the taiga). Weapons of this type must be suitable for hunting, self-defense from people or animals, signaling, and so on. And even for making a fire. zamri.narod.ru/art11.htm Prof. General Dragomirov of the Academy of the General Staff, wrote about the Maxim machine gun: If the same person had to be killed several times, then this would be a wonderful weapon, since at 600 rounds per minute there are 10 of them per second. Unfortunately for fans of such a rapid release of bullets, it is enough to shoot a person once, and then shoot him in pursuit while he falls, as far as I know, there is no need. True, there are devices that disperse bullets, but, again, unfortunately, such musicians have not yet been born who would be able to change the direction of the barrels 10 times per second. Only two cases of using machine guns seemed expedient to Dragomirov: 1) on the flanks in fortresses and 2) in the steppe expeditions, where a small detachment can deal with a large but poorly armed crowd. guns.ru/library/Blagonravov/intro.html According to statistics, most children are born without moles and birthmarks, they appear only in the process of development. A wound to the heart is not always fatal. In the world literature, there are cases when a wounded heart ejected foreign bodies from itself. They were later found in various parts of the body. For example, there is a known case when a bullet lay in the heart sac for more than a year and then was ejected with a stream of blood. Even a mortally wounded heart sometimes demonstrates unusual vitality. One duelist, who received a blow to the heart, chased his opponent for as much as 200 meters. Although, of course, all this is rare. Much more often, sometimes daily, we needlessly test this wonderful organ for strength. The volume of advertising on Russian TV is greater than in Europe. This happens because, according to the European convention, the volume of TV advertising should not exceed 15% of the time of daily broadcasts. And according to our Law on Advertising, television advertising, not counting specialized advertising programs, can take up to 25% of the air time. There are salty rivers on Earth. So, in the Solyanka River, which flows into the Lena River near the city of Olekminsk, there are 21 grams of salt per liter of water. Large streams flow in the same area, in which the salt saturation reaches 70 grams per liter of water. This phenomenon is explained by the fact that there was once a sea on the territory of Yakutia, in the lagoons of which powerful salt layers settled. Some of them are up to 15 meters thick. Water streams, penetrating through these layers, are abundantly saturated with salt. The mormirus or water elephant fish that lives in the Nile cannot be caught by a net and taken by surprise, it is perfectly oriented in the most muddy water. An organ that constantly emits electrical impulses into the environment helps it survive. An electric field is formed around the fish, and as soon as an object appears in it, the field changes, which is immediately captured by a special organ of the mormirus. The flying dogs that live in Java are, in fact, not even dogs at all, but bats. Moreover, one of the largest on Earth. Some of their species reach 45 centimeters in length, with a wingspan of one and a half meters. During night flights for feeding, they are able to fly up to 50 kilometers. The chicks of the South American bird gaoqing, before they learn to fly, run on all fours, using their wings as their front legs. At the ends of the wings there are fingers equipped with claws. Biennale - an exhibition that takes place every two years, from the Italian biennale - biennial. The movable date postmark was invented by Henry Bishop in 1661 and applied to English mail. Dream specialists are well aware of the dream of the mother of the Decembrist Ryleev. When her little son became seriously ill and the doctors had already put an end to him, she saw a prophetic dream in which a certain voice advised her not to ask God for healing for her baby, because his life would be hard, and his death would be terrible. And she saw in every detail the fate of her son and at the end of his life - the gallows. But the terrible omen did not frighten her, the heartbroken mother dreamed only of the recovery of her child. And, waking up, she saw that the boy's temperature had subsided, he was on the mend. But you can’t escape fate - the Decembrist Ryleev was hanged in the Peter and Paul Fortress. There are also historical prophetic dreams that bring some kind of good news. This is how the appearance of the icon of the Kazan Mother of God is described in the annals: To one pious girl who lived in the city of Kazan, the Queen of Heaven appeared in a dream and said: In such and such a place, in the earth, My icon is buried, announce this: let them open it and take it out. The same dream was repeated several times, and when the girl began to dig the earth in the indicated place, she really found the icon of the Mother of God there. Sergey, 2000 - magazine of the new millennium. When Europeans brought the first cows to Tahiti, the Tahitians, who had never seen a cow before, called it a pig with teeth on its head. The SOS signal did not originate as an abbreviation for Save our souls, not from Save our ship (save our ship) and not even from Stop other signals (do not give other signals), if only because not all potential rescuers know English. At the beginning of the 20th century, sailors from different countries agreed to use this signal because it is easily reproduced and remembered in Morse code - three dots, three dashes and again three dots. Salvador Dali compiled the Comparative Table of Values in accordance with the Dalian analysis. In the table, he gave on a 20-point scale an assessment of different artists in several ways. Dali gave himself 19 points in the Genius column. 20 points (in the column Genius) deserved: Leonardo da Vinci, Velasquez, Picasso, Raphael, Vermeer of Delft. The Czechs believe that a rainbow kills whoever points a finger at it. The Bulgarians have a sign: if a dog is lying on a sown field, then by this it portends a good harvest. Just one drop of oil makes 25 liters of water unfit for drinking. uic.nnov.ru/~zni/pages/interest/interest.shtml The day following the name day is called stale name day. Until the 19th century, an octopus in Rus' was called an octopus hairy. Killers of the human race - that's what Napoleon called corsets, seriously believing that the women who wear them will never want to have children - so as not to spoil the waist. GQ, No1, March 2001 In the 20s, there were three orders in the Republic of Bukhara: the Red Star, the Red Banner and the Red Crescent. In medieval Spain, the nobles could have the so-called black and white swords. Blacks were used for duels and whites for war. Morphology gives the following definitions of modern sciences: If it is green and twitching, it is biology. If it smells bad - chemistry. And if it doesn't work, then it's physics. Veterinarian in Chukchi - bark-doctor. Kora is a deer. Sim-sim or sesame - the same as sesame. The military rank of commissar appeared in the Russian army in 1716 by decree of Peter the Great. In 1798 it was abolished by Paul I, but in 1917 it was restored by the Provisional Government and finally abolished only in 1942. The formula of black powder - the basis of all fireworks - consisting of a mixture of potassium nitrate, charcoal and sulfur in a weight ratio of 75:15:10, has not changed to this day, and this fact is indisputable evidence that the invention of the ancient Chinese belonged to category of truly brilliant. Version No49, 2000
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