Which athletes sawed off their Olympic medals to fuse their hybrids? Detailed answer

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Which athletes sawed off their Olympic medals to fuse their hybrids? Detailed answer

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Which athletes sawed off their Olympic medals to fuse their hybrids?

At the 1936 Olympic Games in Berlin, in the pole vault competition, two Japanese, Shuhei Nishida and Sueo Oe, showed the same result of 4,25 meters, which corresponded to second place. The silver medal eventually went to Nishida, and the bronze to Oe. According to one version, they simply threw a coin to distribute the medals, according to another, the Japanese federation decided so because Nishida needed only one attempt to take the height, and indeed he is older than Oe. Be that as it may, upon returning home, Nishida and Oe sawed their medals in half and fused two new ones, silver-bronze.

Authors: Jimmy Wales, Larry Sanger

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GMO human liver grown 09.08.2019

Researchers at the University of Pittsburgh have grown miniature human livers from genetically engineered cells for the first time in the lab.

The organoids will serve as a model for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This disease is associated with excessive accumulation of fat in the body and can lead to cirrhosis and liver failure.

At the first stage, the team took human skin cells and genetically modified them, introducing a switch that weakens the SIRT1 gene. Then the cells were "rebooted", returning them to the stem stage, and development was directed along a different path. The resulting hepatocytes were implanted into a scaffold of a rat liver, purified from its own cells.

Due to the presence of a scaffold, the cells formed miniature analogues of the human liver with blood vessels and other structures.
This compares favorably with the new development from traditional organelles - tiny structures that consist of the cells of a specific organ, but do not repeat its structure.

Once the mini-liver had formed, the researchers turned on the switch that silenced the SIRT1 gene. As a result, the organ showed metabolic disorders characteristic of NAFLD. The team used the mini-organ to test the drug resveratrol, which showed promise in mice but failed in human clinical trials.

The study confirmed that resveratrol is not useful for the treatment of NAFLD in humans. And made it clear why. The drug increases the activity of the SIRT1 protein, and not the corresponding gene. However, if the expression of SIRT1 is suppressed, then there is no protein that can be affected.

The authors of the work note that the mini-liver is not suitable for transplantation. However, its use as a test bed for new drugs will allow the development of new approaches to the treatment of a number of diseases.

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