Celluloid varnishes (tsaponlaks). Simple recipes

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FACTORY TECHNOLOGIES AT HOME - SIMPLE RECIPES
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Celluloid varnishes (tsaponlaks). Simple recipes and tips

Factory technologies - simple recipes

Directory / Factory technology at home - simple recipes

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The so-called zaponlaki, which are a solution of celluloid, nitrocellulose or acetylcellulose in various solvents.

These varnishes are used for a wide variety of purposes. Upon drying, the varnish film, which has gloss and elasticity, forms a very thin layer and does not change at all (if the varnish itself is not painted) the color of the objects being varnished. Due to these properties, these varnishes are suitable for coating metals in order to protect them from tarnishing, for fixing drawings, for covering documents, for priming when painting fabrics, for varnishing geographical maps, playing cards, for doll heads, toys, for coloring and frosting glass , for gluing celluloid products, etc.

Celluloid varnishes, depending on the objects intended for processing, are poured onto the object or immersed in the liquid. You can also apply the varnish by spraying or using a brush. Celluloid varnishes adhere unusually firmly to any material, and they are difficult to scrape off from an object coated with them.

On matte surfaces such as wood, paper, etc., all oil and alcohol varnishes give a more or less strong shine; porous substances, due to the absorption of large quantities of solution, become dense and hard, etc.; celluloid varnishes, on the contrary, leave metal and glass their shine, wood, paper their original properties, and porous substances coated with such varnishes remain more or less soft and flexible due to the special properties of celluloid.

The material used for celluloid varnishes is either dry celluloid or nitrocellulose mixed with camphor. Dissolution in small quantities is carried out in glass bottles, in larger productions - in iron enameled and wooden vats, lined with tin or lead and sometimes equipped with stirrers. If possible, it is useful to install a coil inside the vats to pass hot water or steam through it. The temperature should not exceed 45-50 °C. This production is extremely flammable, and therefore appropriate safety precautions must be observed. The technique for preparing varnishes is extremely simple.

A certain amount of solvent is poured into the vat and celluloid, nitrocellulose or cellulose acetate is added and stirred until completely dissolved. Care should be taken to ensure that neither the solvent nor the material contains moisture, otherwise the varnish will be of poor quality. By mixing varnish with covering paints, good glossy paints are obtained, similar to alcohol-enamel paints.

Celluloid varnishes are usually not immediately transparent and are only lightened by letting them sit for a long time. These varnishes can only be filtered with great difficulty, since they quickly seal the pores of the filter.

The solvents used are acetone sulfur ether, alcohol, amyl acetate, amyl alcohol, various esters of acetic acid, chlorohydrins, etc., or various combinations of these solvents. Transparent celluloid, if it has been previously softened in amyl acetate, dissolves in a mixture of various parts of alcohol and turpentine, as well as in amyl acetate.

The solution is transparent, but it gives a matte finish on the metal. To dissolve, the celluloid is cut into small pieces, sprayed with alcohol or ether and left to sit for several hours, after which a solvent is added to it.

Author: Korolev V.A.

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