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WONDERS OF NATURE
Manyara. Nature miracle
Manyara National Park (Lake Manyara) was founded in 1960 and covers an area of 8550 hectares in the Arusha region of Tanzania. Located on the western shore of Lake Manyara, at the foot of the rift cliff. The national park got its name from Lake Manyara. It is a narrow strip of land on the northwestern shore of this lake.
For tourists, the town of Arusha in northern Tanzania is the "capital" of the famous national parks of Tanzania: Manyara, Ngorongoro, Serengeti. From here, travelers begin their acquaintance with the natural wealth of Africa. Manyara Park is located about 100 km from Arusha. Approaching the park, you can see a giant ledge of the Great African Rift, or Rift Valley. She, bordered by volcanoes, was formed several million years ago on the African continent. Most of the volcanoes are already inactive, but the Lengai volcano, the so-called Mountain of God, is not yet "sleeping" (it can be clearly seen from here). In the region of the Rift Valley there is a small village Mtova-Mbu (in Swahili - mosquito stream, or Mosquito River). Indeed, the river that gave the name to the village is a small stream, and the village itself is a lot of huts around the picturesque bazaar, where you can buy wickerwork from reed, cattail, bark. By the way, to date, the Maasai have not changed their way of life, nor their clothes. They still wear dark blue bedspreads, beaded bracelets, earrings that pull their earlobes to their shoulders. In the hands of all the same spears and long knives. However, now the Maasai make money on their colorful appearance, waiting for foreigners at the market and allowing them to be photographed with them for a fee. Climbing up the winding road and turning left, travelers find themselves in front of the entrance to the Manyara National Park. Here you need to be prepared for the dazzling sun and humidity. Of course, you can get off the bus on a special platform, but this will not make it easier. Impossible heat and the unimaginable stench of bird droppings. Nevertheless, those who have been here say that they don’t want to leave the park, wildlife attracts and fascinates. Manyara is a Masai word. S. Kulik explains its origin: "This is the name of a tree, a kind of euphorbia, from the thorny branches of which the Maasai usually make fences around their houses and cattle pens. From here came the word" Manyatta ", which most Nilotic peoples call villages. Euphorbia in the park, indeed, a lot, but not to her, but to spreading yellow acacias, the park owes its fame. Lions love to rest on acacias. They are found here in the most unexpected poses - either stretched out along the trunk, or wedged into a slingshot of branches. In the park, you need to keep your eyes open. Acacias there are in other parks, but "hanging lions" - for some reason, only in Manyara. Perhaps, in the crowns of acacias, lions escape from the heat, although tsetse flies bother them even more during the day. Perhaps they chose the acacia as their place of refuge because they are afraid to fall under the hooves of a disturbed herd of buffalo or elephants during sleep, which are quite numerous in this area. The territory of the park stretches in a narrow ribbon between the shore of the lake and the cliff, there are swamps. The savannah of East Africa is represented by numerous types of cereals. The forest in Manyar is quite dense, resembling a real tropical one. Sycamore, tamarind, sausage tree, palm trees grow in it, dense undergrowth and herbage are characteristic. An amazing island of almost tropical greenery in the savannah zone. Its origin in these places can be explained by the fact that many streams and rivers run down from the volcanic lava slope, which feed the soil with moisture all year round. Although here, in the park, there is also a drier area with a sparse forest of palms and yellow-bark acacia or yellow fever tree (in the last century it was thought that it served as a source of malaria). In Manyara there is also one of the planet's long-livers - the baobab (using the radiocarbon method, it was possible to prove that a tree with a trunk with a diameter of 4,5 m has been living in the world for more than 5,5 thousand years). In the leafless period, the baobab looks like a tree turned upside down. It has soft and damp wood, which is why it is easily affected by fungi, so tree trunks are often hollow (and people use this - in one village in Northern Australia, they even made a prison in a hollow of 36 square meters). Baobab usually blooms in a leafless state with large white flowers that live only one night. Fruits - boxes the size of a melon - like to feast on monkeys. And elephants eat these trees almost entirely. According to legend, the one who stands under the branches of the baobab, he will give everything that he asks. And this is not far from the truth: the locals use baobab raw materials for one hundred percent. They get fiber for ropes and threads from wood. The crushed bark and dried leaves are used to make a powder that can replace salt and pepper. The fresh leaves are eaten as a salad. The fruits are also edible, even raw. Despite its small size, the Manyara National Park area is extremely densely populated. It is exceptionally rich in avifauna, especially during the passage of Palearctic birds (380 bird species have been recorded here). For example, Nile geese, hammer-headed herons, pelicans, various waders live in this area. More than two million birds of almost five hundred different species live in Lake Manyara. Of the large animals in the park, there are black rhinoceros, giraffe, zebra, wildebeest, impala, buffalo, etc. Elephants graze among dense thickets, which should always be approached with caution danger). A buffalo and a rhinoceros, attacking a car, can crush the body, and an angry elephant is able to turn the car over and get to the passengers. By the way, the footprints left by the elephant can be seen everywhere. These are chewed and spat out bark of acacia torjiles, skinned tree trunks (it is no coincidence that some of them are wrapped in metal mesh, since the smell of metal scares away animals). This national park has many lions (three lions for every two square miles) and leopards. Baboons willingly make contact with visitors, hoping to get a random handout from them. But any attempt to feed an animal in the national park is punishable by a large fine. True, those who want to treat the "owners" of the park should be on the alert: the monkeys can easily cling to their "benefactor" and inflict significant wounds. Basically, baboons live on the ground, collecting insects, spiders, mollusks, fruits, plant roots. But they sleep in trees. Monkeys with long tails can be seen right there, however, unlike baboons, they spend almost all their time in trees. Helm-bearing guinea fowls graze on the lawns - large chicken birds with bright spotty-blue plumage and a horn-shaped outgrowth in the form of a helmet. On the tops of the trees you can see huge nests that white-backed vultures have made for themselves. People who have visited Manyara claim that several species of animals can easily fit here in one photo frame. The abundance and diversity of animals can easily be explained by the richness of vegetation and a constant source of water. Manyara Park is also known among scientists for the fact that Professor Bernhard Grzimek did interesting experiments there with life-size plastic inflatable elephants, rhinos, lions, which he received from Nuremberg. Grzimek rode through the park and slipped fake animals into real ones in order to find out with the help of what sense organs animals find their own kind. The plastic beasts were pretty funny: the lion had a kind of lifebuoy on his head, the elephant was very light, and the rhinoceros was striped. Manyara's animals took the plastic beasts quite seriously. The lionesses flirted with the smiling false lion, the lions roared menacingly at them. Elephants, at the sight of toy impudent strangers, were interested in aliens, even became in threatening poses, but every time at the last moment they went home. There, in Manyar, the Russian geographer Sergei Kulik met Professor Grzimek. When talking with him, the eminent professor, author of the book "The Serengeti Must Not Die", said: "In this cramped world, we need to leave room for wild animals. Moreover, this is beneficial not only to them, but also to us. Africans are beginning to understand this and look to their nature as zealous masters. So far, however, they are mainly content with tourism income, which exists solely due to the fact that Africa has national parks with large animals. Then, I am sure, they will move on to more difficult matters: restoration population, settlement of animals, their wise use.I believe that if the young African countries manage to save the animal world, then this will be one of their most outstanding contributions to civilization.During colonial times, Europeans, due to their greed, destroyed almost ninety percent of all tropical fauna Many animals in Africa (and throughout the world) were exterminated before scientists could describe them.Now I am especially worried about the fate of the great apes. After all, with them will disappear the last opportunity to study the evolution of monkeys, not only from fossil skulls. Author: Yudina N.A.
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