Pre-sleep condition signaling device for vehicle drivers. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Automobile. Electronic devices

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As you know, up to 25-30% of traffic accidents are caused by drivers falling asleep at the wheel. To assess the psychophysiological state of the driver in the process of driving a vehicle, telemetric systems have been developed to control the frequency of blinking his eyelids, register biopotential, galvanic skin response, and motor activity.

All of the above methods have not found wide application in practice due to their complexity, high cost, the need to fix various sensors on the skin of the driver.

In order to eliminate these shortcomings, we have developed and tested in practice a fundamentally new technical solution, characterized by simplicity, operational reliability, and low cost indicators.

The principle of operation of the device is based on automatic monitoring of the force of compression of the steering wheel by the driver in the process of driving the vehicle.

Psychophysiological studies have established that the initial stages of a decrease in mental activity (the initial stages of the onset of a pre-sleep state) of a driver are accompanied by a decrease in the force of compression of the steering wheel.

For continuous recording of the steering wheel compression force by the driver, a sensor device has been developed, made in the form of a resistive sensor fixed on the steering wheel, galvanically connected through an electronic threshold adjuster with an acoustic and audible signaling device (Fig. 1), where 1 is the steering wheel; 2-elastic sheath (rubber tube) of the sensor; 3-graphite powder; 4-conductive plug-sensor electrodes; 5-electronic unit; 6-sound alarm.

Structurally, the resistive sensor is made in the form of a rubber tube filled with graphite powder and equipped with plug electrodes.

When the sensor fixed on the steering wheel is compressed, its electrical resistance decreases due to a decrease in the contact resistance between the graphite particles of the filler. This phenomenon is used to monitor the driver's condition.

The electrical circuit diagram of the driver's pre-sleep state signaling device is shown in Fig. 2.

The circuit contains a comparator DA1, a low-frequency generator on the elements DD1.1 and DD1.2, an inverter on the element DD1.3, an amplifier on the transistor VT1 and an electrodynamic loudspeaker VA1.

The output electrical signal of the sensor R1 is fed to the inverting input of the comparator DA1, where it is compared with the reference voltage taken from the resistor R4 and applied to the non-inverting input DA1.

If the voltage at the non-inverting input of the comparator becomes greater than at the inverting one, then there is no voltage at the output of the comparator DA1, which is used to power the audio frequency generator (DD1.1 and DD1.2). When the force of compression by the driver of the steering wheel of the car reaches its minimum allowable value, the voltage at the non-inverting input becomes lower than at the inverting one, and the voltage is supplied to the audio frequency generator.

The signal taken from the audio frequency generator is amplified by the transistor VT1 and fed to the loudspeaker BA1.

The sound alarm threshold is set by resistor R4, and the sound volume is set by resistor R5.

For the manufacture of the device, you can use fixed resistors of the MLT-0,125 W type; variable R4 - SP33-48; and trimmer R6 - SP3-22. Oxide capacitor C3 type K5040; C1, C2 - K10-23. Transistor VT1KT315G or with any other letter index. Loudspeaker diffuser electrodynamic VA10,5-GD-17 or any other similar.

The device is mounted on a board made of one-sided foil fiberglass 1...1,5 mm thick, 32x55 mm in size. One of the possible options for the location of the circuit elements and, accordingly, the drawing of the printed circuit board are shown in Fig. 3.

Thus, any unacceptable relaxation, accompanied by a decrease in the contact force of the driver's fingers - steering wheel system, will be accompanied by an appropriate alarm. This ensures the implementation of the mode of continuous monitoring of the physiological parameter, which is a potentially initiating factor in pre-emergency situations.

The proposed development compares favorably with the known analogues in terms of functional parameters and technical advantages, in particular, the possibility of its practical use without introducing any technical, psychological, ergonomic and aesthetic inconveniences into the natural driver control algorithm of any vehicles.

In our opinion, the simplicity of the design solution of the development and the general availability of its reproduction create real prerequisites for its wide implementation in the framework of the implementation of programs to reduce accidents in transport.

Authors: R.V.Golovakha, D.I.Levinzon, G.A.Chausovsky

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