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WONDERS OF NATURE
Chitauan. Nature miracle
Chitauan (Chitwan) is located in the valley of the Rapti River, which flows through the territory of Nepal, Chitauan region (on the border with India). The area of the national park, located at an altitude of 150 m above sea level, is 76 hectares.
The park was created in 1963. Bernhard Grzimek wrote about the background of the creation of this park: “In 1959, King Mahendra founded the so-called Mahendra Park on the Chitau Plain, which in fact could not be considered a real national park (just like the Bavarian Forest National Park in Germany) It was only 177 square kilometers in size, it was subordinated to the Forestry Department, hunting was forbidden in it only for the next ten years, and its integrity was not guaranteed by the general state nature conservation law.So more and more settlers continued to enter it, who grazed their cattle in the forest and killed wild animals. In 1970, the first real national park was opened, namely Chitauan Park, for which this time already 546 square kilometers were allocated (for comparison: the Bavarian Forest National Park was created on an area of 180 square kilometers, Nairobi Park - 114 square kilometers , Serengeti - 12950 square kilometers). From Africa, John Blower, an experienced national park manager, was invited. He persuaded our Frankfurt Zoological Society to allocate in 1972 from the Fund for the Relief of Exterminated Animals, collected as a result of my television appearances, 20 marks for the equipment of Cheetahwan Park. After that, the park was fenced off on one side with a high fence so that the rhinos could no longer enter the fields of the peasants, and the peasants could not drive their herds to graze in the park. The construction of the fence saved not only rhinos and deer from many troubles, but also peasants with their cattle. In the meantime, 250 soldiers were allocated to the park, who took on the main concern for its protection. The Chitauan Plain, whose territory exceeds 2600 sq. km, is located almost 100 km southwest of Kathmandu. Once it was densely populated, but then people gradually died out here, apparently from malaria. Other tribes did not settle on the plains for fear of contracting yellow fever. In addition, it was impossible to arbitrarily settle in Chitauan, since the entire valley of the Rapti River was considered the hunting grounds of the rulers of Nepal. They organized pompous hunts there with dozens of riding elephants, who were supposed to chase tigers and rhinos. But this was infrequent, so hunting did not pose a threat to the population of rare animals (there were about 800 armored rhinos in Chitauan at that time). After 1951, a restriction on hunting was introduced, but poachers began to operate in the forests, who rounded up the rhinoceros and tiger. In one year alone, 60 killed rhinos were found, officially recognized as victims of poaching; however, only 24 rhino horns were confiscated. The fact is that the prey, as a rule, was immediately transported across the Indian border, and although the purchase of rhinoceros horns in India is officially prohibited, but if the horn was brought from Nepal, then the ban does not apply to it. The park is characterized by forests and swamps. There is a forest in the park, impenetrable thickets, so even from the back of an elephant it is difficult to see anything, but if you peer into the surroundings, you can notice a lot. The one-horned rhinoceros lives here, which is already accustomed to the daily visits of tourists. Armored rhinos in Chitauan can be seen by every visitor staying at the Tiger Tops Jungle Lodge (out of a thousand rhinos living around the globe, one in four lives in Chitauan). There are Indian elephant, gaur, tiger, leopard, Himalayan bear, red wolves, deer (sambar, axis, muntzhak), monkeys, jackals, etc. If you swim along the Rapti River or Narayani (Rapti flows into it), you can see river dolphins, crocodiles and gharials. There are three hundred species of birds in the park. There are far fewer tigers: only 20 individuals live directly in the Chitauan National Park, although 150 Indian tigers roam the kingdom of Nepal. In certain places in Chitauan, baits are laid out for tigers daily, however, tigers do not come there every day. The largest national parks in Nepal are Sagarmatha, located at the foot of Everest, and Lantang, located north of the Kathmandu valley. But they are not immune from the encroachments of poachers. Sagarmatha is famous for its musk deer, or musk deer. The growth of these dwarf deer does not exceed 70 cm, and the males have a gland on their stomach that secretes musk, a valuable raw material for the pharmaceutical industry (to extract musk, it is not at all necessary to kill the musk deer, this can be done surgically without any harm to the animal). Lantang is inhabited by snow leopards (but not so easy to see) and Himalayan bears. The most picturesque place in Nepal is the crystal clear and largest glacial lake Papa. It is located in the west of the country, and around it, at an altitude of about three thousand meters above sea level, there is a nature reserve. A rare animal lives here - a small, or red, panda, which the Nepalese call a cat bear cub. This fluffy animal, whose length does not exceed a meter, and the weight of three to four kilograms, lives in bamboo thickets on the slopes of the mountains. The panda feeds on bamboo shoots, grass, fruits and acorns that have fallen to the ground. During the day, the animal usually sleeps in the canopy of trees, only at dusk it descends to the ground in order to return to its shelter again at dawn. Author: Yudina N.A.
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