Who is Kozma Prutkov? Detailed answer

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Who is Kozma Prutkov? Detailed answer

Big encyclopedia for children and adults

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Who is Kozma Prutkov?

Nobody. This is the literary pseudonym of four talented people at once - the writer Alexei Konstantinovich Tolstoy (1817-1875) and the three Zhemchuzhnikov brothers, Alexander, Alexei and Vladimir. They worked in the middle of the century before last, but their aphorisms and fables are still popular.

People who like to talk long and verbose should remember the lines of Kozma Prutkov: "If you have a fountain, shut it up. Let the fountain rest too."

Author: Mendeleev V.A.

Random interesting fact from the Great Encyclopedia:

What are we eating for?

If we didn't eat, we wouldn't be able to survive, grow, we wouldn't have energy, and different parts of the body wouldn't be able to function properly. Modern scientists have determined which nutrients our bodies need and are good for health. It's not enough just to eat. It is necessary that food be useful for us and the substances contained in it serve certain purposes.

Protein is found in milk, eggs, cheese, meat and fish. It is essential for building cells. Without protein, the body cannot produce new cells. Carbohydrates are found in foods rich in starch or glucose, such as potatoes, flour products, rice, and sweets. They are very important for us, because with their help the body retains heat and receives energy.

Of the most valuable food products, some fats can be distinguished. Fats are our biggest source of energy. But the body needs more than just protein, carbohydrates and fats. He also needs minerals. There are 18 varieties of such essential minerals. As you know, some of them, such as calcium and phosphorus, are essential for strong and healthy bones and teeth.

Iron helps cells function. Copper helps cell growth and hemoglobin formation. Iodine is also essential for the body. So, we have protein, carbohydrates, fats and minerals that are necessary for the growth and normal functioning of the body. And it's all? No. Scientists have found that vitamins also affect certain processes in our body.

Vitamins are extremely necessary for the metabolism and vital activity of living organisms. Each vitamin affects the body in its own way, and each of them is irreplaceable. Taken together, vitamins promote growth and keep people alert and healthy. By the way, water can also be considered food - it is always necessary for a person. From all that has been said, we can conclude that eating is not only a means to satisfy hunger and satisfy appetite. A good, thoughtful diet is essential to your health!

Test your knowledge! Did you know...

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Random news from the Archive

Superelastic alloy that maintains rigidity at high temperatures 18.02.2022

A research team led by scientists from the City University of Hong Kong (CityU) has discovered a first-of-its-kind superelastic alloy that can retain its rigid structure even when heated to 726,85°C or higher. The alloy can be used in the production of high-precision devices for space flights.

Usually, metals soften when heated. But this does not apply to the new alloy - Co25Ni25(HfTiZr)50. It belongs to the elinvar type, a group of alloys whose elastic properties are little affected by changes in temperature. When the new alloy is heated to 726,85°C or more, it remains as stiff or even slightly stiffer than at room temperature. At the same time, it expands without any noticeable phase transition, the authors of the work note.

Why is this happening? It's all about the structure of the lattice: it is very much distorted. Due to the combination of unique structural features, the high-entropy alloy has a very high energy barrier against lattice disturbances.

It turned out that the alloy can accumulate a large amount of elastic energy. It can be used to store energy, the authors report: "Because elasticity does not dissipate energy and therefore does not generate heat that can cause devices to malfunction, this superelastic alloy will be useful in high-precision devices such as watches and chronometers."

In addition, the material will find application in aerospace engineering.

"We know that the temperature on the surface of the moon, for example, ranges from 122°C to -232°C. This alloy will remain strong and undamaged in extreme conditions, and therefore it is very well suited for future mechanical chronometers operating over a wide temperature range in time of space flights," the scientists say.

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