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WONDERS OF NATURE
Mount Fuji. Nature miracle
When asked what is the most beautiful thing in the Land of the Rising Sun, any Japanese will answer with the same word: "Fujiyama!" This mountain, the highest in Japan (3776 meters), has been deified since ancient times by the inhabitants of the island of Honshu. The word Fuji itself is only half Japanese and means "Mount Fuji". The mysterious and ancient people of the Ainu, who once inhabited Honshu, and Hokkaido, and the Kuril Islands, gave the mountain the name of their goddess of fire, and the Japanese retained the Ainu name.
The almost perfect, slightly truncated Fujiyama cone is really very beautiful. For many centuries it has been inspiring poets and artists, for many hundreds of years people have been climbing the steep path to its top to pay tribute to the national shrine, which, without a doubt, is Fuji. The great poet Basho, who lived in the XNUMXth century, devoted more than one poem to the sacred mountain. His three-line haiku have survived the centuries, and every Japanese schoolboy can quote you by heart without hesitation, for example: The clouds were filled with rain. or: Fog and autumn rain. And the remarkable artist Hokusai, a century later, Basho immortalized his favorite mountain in a series of engravings: "36 Views of Mount Fuji" and "100 Views of Mount Fuji". A reproduction of one of these prints hangs in every Japanese home. The main religion of Japan - Shintoism - has declared Fujiyama one of the main places of reverence and worship. Therefore, every Japanese considers it his duty to climb the sacred mountain at least once in his life. There is a winding path to the top of Fuji with ten sites - stations for rest. At the foot of the mountain, pilgrims buy bamboo postskhi with bells, which should help during the difficult and long ascent. At each station, a traveler will be burned on a staff with a special brand as a sign that he has reached the next stage. Some, especially the elderly, the Japanese make several attempts before they reach their cherished goal. At the very top, next to the Fujiyama crater, a Shinto shrine was built, where monks offer prayers to the gods, along the way selling souvenirs to tourists and pilgrims. Many tourists from abroad, for whom visiting the mountain is just an exotic entertainment, start climbing immediately from the fifth station, where the highway is laid. But even for them, the ascent of the almost four-kilometer peak is a difficult test of muscle strength and fortitude. The crater of the volcano is a depression with jagged edges, 500 meters in diameter and 200 meters deep. Its slightly wavy outlines resemble a lotus flower. Eight rocky ridges, covered with snow, protrude into the crater. The people gave them the poetic name Yaksuda-Fuji ("Eight Petals of Fuji"). The upper part of the slope of the volcanic mountain is very steep (up to forty-five degrees), and below Fuji it becomes more gentle. Its base looks like a giant circle with a perimeter of 126 kilometers. From the north, Fuji is bordered by a garland of five picturesque lakes, which add even more beauty to the surrounding landscape. The mountain is especially beautiful in spring, when the Japanese cherry-sakura blossoms. The pink foam of the gardens, the blue sky and water, the green of the pines in the lower belt of the mountain and the white snow cone of its top merge into a unique symphony of lines and colors, as if descended from an engraving by Hokusai. However, the volcano is beautiful at any time of the year and in any weather. And a great artist could probably paint not a hundred, but five hundred views of Fuji - either pink in the dawn rays, or reflected in the blue bowl of the lake, or peering like a gray ghost through the fog, or covered with a thick cap of clouds ... According to Japanese chronicle legend, the gods created Fujiyama in one night in 286 BC, and on the site where they took land for the mountain, Lake Biwa formed, the only large lake in the country, located near its ancient capital, Kyoto. In fact, the volcano is, of course, much older. Geologists estimate its age at eight to ten thousand years. But at the base of Fujiyama lies a more ancient extinct volcano, which is sixty thousand years old, and he, in turn, grew up on the site of an even more ancient volcano, whose age is three hundred thousand years. As the youngest and most active of the three, Fuji regularly displays his formidable disposition. Chronicles recorded eighteen eruptions of Japan's main volcano. The strongest of them were in 800, 864 and 1707. Fuji especially raged in 1707. Then even Tokyo, located a hundred kilometers northeast of the volcano, was covered with a layer of ash fifteen centimeters thick. Now the mighty giant is dozing, only faint wisps of smoke in the crater reminding him that his strength has not yet dried up. Snow lies on the slopes of its slender, slightly concave cone for ten months a year, and even in summer the snowfields do not melt on the northern slopes. The ancient pilgrimage trail still retains its original appearance. True, many, as already mentioned, now begin the ascent from the fifth station, from the very border of the pine forests, but even this final, most difficult stage of the ascent allows you to experience unforgettable sensations. And although Fujiyama is not a cult object for foreign guests, the difficult way up and the view from the top really, in some incomprehensible way, set thoughts and feelings in a bright, solemn way. Here you comprehend the meaning of the words that the contemplation of the sacred mountain purifies the human soul. Maybe that's why Fujiyama is so loved by the Japanese. Every year, five million people come to Mount Fuji. Four hundred thousand of them climb to the top. And at the ancient temple, built in 1707 near the crater, in order to propitiate the gods and stop the eruption, they repeat the words of the ancient spell after the pilgrims in white kimonos: "May my six senses be cleansed of everything vain and sinful ..." Author: B.Wagner
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