|
Arabic
Bengali
Chinese
English
French
German
Hebrew
Hindi
Italian
Japanese
Korean
Malay
Polish
Portuguese
Spanish
Turkish
Ukrainian
Vietnamese|
TOURIST ADVICE
Straight knot. Travel Tips
Great straight knot deserves to be told more about it. Archaeological finds indicate that the Egyptians used it about five thousand years before our era. The ancient Greeks and Romans called it Nodus Hercules - the Hercules or Hercules knot, because the mythical hero Hercules tied the skin of the lion he killed on his chest in this way. The Romans used the straight knot to stitch wounds and treat broken bones. It consists of two half-knots, sequentially tied one above the other in different directions. This is the usual, easiest way to knit it (Fig. 25, a). Sailors, who have been using this knot since ancient times to tie cables, use a different knitting method (Fig. 25, b). Weavers who use a straight knot to bind broken threads of yarn tie it in a special, convenient way for them (Fig. 25, a).
The author of the book takes the liberty of declaring that a gross mistake was made in interpreting the characteristics of the direct knot and in the recommendations for its use, published in all domestic publications without exception. It has not been corrected until now, they forgot about it and believed that this knot "reliably serves to bind two cables of approximately the same thickness" and that "it is very difficult to untie it if it is tightened." This is what modern marine reference books and textbooks published in our country in recent years tell us about the direct knot. "A straight knot is used to tie two cables of approximately the same thickness. With strong tension and getting wet, a straight knot is tightened and it can be very difficult to untie it. Therefore, when tying thick cables with a straight knot, a "toggle" must be inserted into the knot (Handbook of marine practice. M .: Military Publishing House, 1969, p. 192. Almost the same is said about the direct knot in the atlas of V. V. Grigoriev and V. M. Gryaznov "Ship rigging work" (M .: Transport, 1975, p. XNUMX): "Direct the knot is used when tying cables of approximately the same thickness. With heavy loads on the tied cables, as well as when the cables get wet, the straight knot tightens strongly. To prevent over-tightening, a wooden insert is inserted into the loops of the knot. The idea of taking reefs with a direct knot will seem absurd to today's sailors. But it was with them, with a direct knot, that in the days of the sailing fleet they took reefs on ships with direct armament: with two reef seasons they tied the upper part of the straight sail panel to the reef leer. reef in the same knot, they took reefs on small vessels (yawls, longboats and yachts), picking up part of the sail along the luff, and connected it with reef-shters. A few years ago, the author of these lines drew attention to the fact that in almost all marine dictionaries and textbooks on marine practice published in our country in the last century, the knot in question had two names - "straight", and, as it's not strange, he's "reef". For example, let's look at the "Explanatory Marine Dictionary" compiled by V.V. Bakhtin and published in St. Petersburg in 1894 (pp. 265-266): "A straight knot or reef knot (Reef Knot; Right Knot) is knitted from two ends First, a simple knot is knitted, then the end, stretched out with the right hand, is passed to the left, and the other end, taken over the first, is threaded under it and tightened. From this it can be seen that the reef knot consists of two simple knots knitted one above the other. the ends of both simple knots must be on the same side of the whole knot, then only it is called straight; otherwise, an oblique knot will come out. The Soviet Admiral K.S. Samoilov in his two-volume Marine Dictionary (M.-L.: Voenmorizdat, 1939-1941, p. 465) also gives the second name of this knot: two ends for weak traction, since with strong traction (if the toggle is not placed in the middle of the knot), it is so tightened that it cannot be untied and will have to be cut. Having made an excursion into the old and modern encyclopedias, reference books, dictionaries and textbooks on maritime affairs published abroad, the author can state the following. In English, the straight knot was and is still called "The Reef Knot" - the reef knot. This name was introduced into his marine dictionary by the English admiral John Smith in 1627. The term "straight knot" (The Square Knot) was introduced into the English maritime language by the American writer Richard Dana in 1841. He is known for the fact that, being a lawyer by profession, he was hired as a simple sailor on a merchant sailing ship, sailed for two years and after that he published an excellent book "Two Years as a Sailor" and compiled an excellent English explanatory marine dictionary. In addition to these two names, English-speaking sailors call the straight knot sailor's, correct, strong and ordinary. But the official and most common name for the knot, which we call the direct knot, in English is still "The Reef Knot" - a reef knot. Scandinavian sailors call it a reef knot: the Swedes - "Rabandsknop", the Danes and Norwegians - "Raabandsknob". It turns out that in the days of the sailing fleet, a straight knot was used primarily not "for tying cables of approximately the same thickness", but for taking reefs. Here is what is said about this in one of the best English marine sailing dictionaries - the "Dictionary of Marine Terms", compiled by A. Anstead in 1897, which since then has been regularly reprinted every 5-7 years in Glasgow: "The most common knot for a bunch is a reef or straight knot.It is applicable in many cases, such as for tying the luff of a sail to a hafel, to a yard, etc., but it got its name (reef) due to the fact that this knot has always been knitted reef season". The exact and exhaustive wording of the straight knot is given by Rene de Kershov in his International Marine Dictionary (New York, 1972): reefs of sails because of the ease with which it can be torn apart. What we mean by the name "reef knot", in all maritime practice manuals in English, not just "The Reef Knot", but "The Slipped Reef Knot" (sliding reef knot) or "The Draw Knot" and "The Half Bow Knot" are referred to. René de Kerchov writes about it this way: "The slip knot is a knot similar to a regular reef knot, it is untied even more easily. It is also called The Half Bow Knot." How, then, is a straight knot untied, which, according to the characteristic unanimously accepted by our experts, "is so tightened that it cannot be untied and will have to be cut"? A straight knot, even wet and tightly tightened, is untied very simply, in 1-2 seconds. Tie a straight knot as shown in the top diagram of fig. 25, d. Take ends A and B in your left hand, and ends C and D in your right hand. Pull them strongly in different directions and tighten the knot as tight as possible. After that, take the root end A in your left hand (so that it does not slip out of the hand, make a couple of hoses around the palm). Take the running end B in your right hand (it can also be wound around the palm of your hand). Pull the ends sharply and strongly in different directions. Without releasing end A from your left hand, hold the rest of the knot in your fist with your right hand, holding it with your thumb and forefinger. Pull root end A to the left side - the knot is untied. The whole secret lies in the fact that when the ends of A and B are jerked in different directions, the straight knot turns into two half-bayonets and completely loses all its properties. It will just as easily untie if you take the root end D in your right hand and strongly pull the running end B to the left. Only in this case, the end -G must then be pulled to the right, and the rest of the knot (half bayonets) - to the left. When untying a straight knot in this way, remember that if you pulled the running end to the right, pull the root to the left and vice versa. When untying a straight knot, one should not forget that with what force it was tightened, it is necessary to pull one of its running ends with the same force. Even a wet straight knot tied on the thickest vegetable cable, which was under strong traction (without an inserted toggle), can always be untied by taking one of the running ends onto a capstan or winch. In any case, you do not need to cut the cable. So, the reader now apparently agrees that the characterization of the direct knot, which has appeared for some unknown reason over the past seventy years in our country, is erroneous. Moreover, it is extremely important for our authors of manuals on maritime practice and rigging to reconsider the interpretation of the very essence of the direct knot and recommendations for its use. Apparently, only in our country there is an unreasonably respectful attitude towards this knot. Sailors of other countries treat him more soberly and even with prejudice. For example, not a single foreign handbook on knots contains such a dangerous recommendation for a straight knot, which is contained in the "Handbook of Marine Practice" we mentioned: "A straight knot is used to tie two cables of approximately the same thickness." The Ashley Knot Book (New York, 1977), widely known abroad, says the following about a direct knot: “Previously, this knot had a specific purpose in the navy - they tied reef seasons of sails when they took reefs. Previously, sailors never used it to tie two ropes if the latter were of different thickness or dressing. They cannot be used to connect two cables that will subject to strong traction. This knot creeps and is dangerous when wet. After tying the knot, each running end of it must be grabbed with a line to the root end. " Elsewhere in his book, Ashley writes: "This knot, used to tie two cables, claimed more lives than a dozen other knots combined." The well-known American sea captain Felix Riesenberg, the author of one of the best textbooks for sailors in English, did not speak very enthusiastically about the direct knot (New York, 1922). He wrote: "The reef, or straight, knot, as its name indicates, was used for knitting reef seasons ... This knot is used in many cases, although it can never be reliable enough if its running ends are not tacked. It should not be used for tying ropes for traction. It is a good knot for packing things, bundles, etc." Unfortunately, many compilers of various manuals and manuals for riggers, builders, firefighters, rock climbers and mine rescuers still recommend a straight knot for tying two cables. Try to tie two nylon cables of "approximately the same thickness" with a straight knot and you will immediately see that even with not very strong traction, this knot does not hold, and if you accidentally jerk at one of its running ends, it will surely lead to tragedy. And, finally, finishing the discussion about the direct knot, we note that here the most paradoxical thing is that the ancient Romans called it the "female knot", because it was with the "Hercules knot" that young Roman women tied the sashes of their tunics on their wedding night. The young spouse had to untie this knot. And, according to legend, if he did it quickly, the bride was not threatened with infertility. Author: Skryagin L.N.
Solidification of bulk substances
30.04.2024 Implanted brain stimulator
30.04.2024 The perception of time depends on what one is looking at
29.04.2024
▪ Sony is phasing out CD and DVD drives ▪ 75 and 100 MOSFET family expanded ▪ Laser cooler for electronics
▪ site section Acoustic systems. Article selection ▪ article by Ivana, who does not remember relatives. Popular expression ▪ article Where and when did the state of Bizonia exist? Detailed answer ▪ scoliosis article. Health care ▪ article Electronics in the car. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering
Home page | Library | Articles | Website map | Site Reviews
www.diagram.com.ua |
We recommend interesting articles Section 
See other articles Section 
Latest news of science and technology, new electronics:
All languages of this page