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Movement in mountainous areas. Travel Tips
Как move in mountainous areas? Slopes When moving along gentle slopes, it is necessary to climb and descend in the mountains in a straight line. If the slope is covered with bushes, try to bypass them or move along the clearings. Here you need simple, durable shoes with grooved soles and clothing that covers all parts of the body. On the grassy slopes, there are often scours, pits, tree trunks, stones, invisible due to tall grass, so you need to carefully look under your feet and take your time. Short grass, when wet, becomes very slippery, therefore, when moving along wooded and grassy slopes, for lanyards you must have an alpenstock or a strong stick. In the event of a fall, immediate action must be taken to self-detention. To do this, turn around facing the slope and start braking with an ice ax, alpenstock or something else in your hands. When moving up a grassy slope, the leg should be carried forward in a relaxed manner, bending forward more, the heavier the load and the steeper the slope. When the rise is straight, the feet should be placed at an angle to each other, spreading the toes in a herringbone pattern. Steep slopes As the steepness of the slope increases, the stride becomes shorter. The leg is placed on the entire foot. In this case, the feet should be placed in a "ladder" or "herringbone". On steep long grassy slopes one should go in zigzags. The width of the step should be commensurate with the steepness of the slope. The steeper the climb, the smaller the step. On the descents, the step increases slightly. When changing direction, always start with the foot that is higher up the slope, which will avoid crossing the legs and, as a result, losing balance. When climbing steep slopes, bring your knees together after each step to give your muscles a break. If the slope is covered with sparse scree or stones, try not to push the scree down. On steep rocky slopes, you need to step carefully so as not to push the stones down. On steep slopes it is recommended to use a stick. To facilitate climbing steep, slippery, clay or icy slopes, steps should be cut at a distance of about 50 cm from one another. In soft ground or in snow, steps can be knocked out with shoes. When descending, bend your knees and go straight down. If you feel that you are gaining too high speed, then sit down and rest your heels on the ground. Try not to step on loose stones or scree. When lifting, check any support before placing your foot on it. Do not step on rocks or logs that could move under your feet. On steep slopes, you need to wrap your legs with a rope, wire, or make a special device against slipping shoes. It is recommended to release the belt slightly, unbutton the collar. You can jump down only on loose soil and only if there are no unexpected failures below. Spread your feet shoulder-width apart, land on your heels and slide down. If, as you increase your speed, you feel that you are losing control of the descent, jump again. But it is much safer to go down with a rope. Scree slopes Slopes with small scree - move obliquely or serpentine. You need to move along slopes with small scree obliquely or serpentine, choosing medium stones for setting. The simplest technique is descending along a continuous shallow scree, along which you can "move out", sliding along with the stones, but if larger stones come into motion, rock fragments must quickly move to the side. Medium scree. Avoid sudden movements, walk carefully without causing rockfall. The ice ax is useless, because. reliance on it is unreliable and you can accidentally push a lying stone. Large scree - usually very fragile, especially after rain or snow. Before stepping on another piece of debris, you need to make sure it is stable. When moving along a large scree, before stepping on the next fragment, you need to make sure that it is stable. It is safer to step on the end of the stone closer to the slope. When overcoming unstable stones, scree, narrow passages over a cliff, set the feet depending on the points of support and do not tear off the leg until the other, extended leg is firmly set. rock slopes Before proceeding with the passage of a section with a difficult rocky terrain, it is necessary to take all precautions, outline an approximate path of movement, mark the most difficult sections, rockfall sites and places to bypass them. When climbing, it is better to see what you can grab onto, but it is still safer to go around an obstacle than to overcome it. Plan a route from the very bottom; do not press your body against the rock, put your legs straight, look up. Don't overstress. Moving across the plain, we use only one point of support. We stand on one leg, we rearrange the other, and our hands are free. Rock climbing requires "three prop techs". This means you need to move in such a way that in more or less difficult areas, while moving one limb, the other three do not come off the support. On light rocks, the hands usually only maintain balance and actively work only where there is no comfortable and reliable support for the legs. The torso should be kept as vertical as possible, and arms and legs spread at least shoulder-width apart. The protrusions should be supported by the inner welts of the boots. Never cross your legs. When using the grip, do not press against the rocks. This will provide the best conditions for footwork. It is necessary to move smoothly, without jerks - it is easier to maintain balance and save strength. For movement, you need to alternately use stops and spacers, preferring the latter: with spacers, there is less risk of breakdown and stress on the fingers. On difficult, but convenient areas for movement with a spacer, you need to move straight up. If you need to move to the side, you need to do it in easier areas. In the absence or insufficiency of reliable supports on a rocky area, friction (on slabs, ridges) and wedging force (corner, crevices) should be used as fully as possible. To get out of the crevice, press your back against one wall, and rest your feet against another, then begin to slowly rise. When driving on rocky-tiled slopes, you need to be especially careful in areas where the plates have a large angle of inclination and poor communication with each other. In bad meteorological conditions, such areas are practically impassable. Ribs, buttresses, couloirs are the easiest to pass along the rocky slopes, but they are more dangerous due to possible rockfalls. Descents along especially steep and long couloirs should be avoided. It is forbidden to descend during and after snowfall and rain, because. in these areas, the likelihood of a breakdown increases and it is very difficult to stop sliding down. The descent from the rocky slope is sometimes much more difficult than the ascent, because. slope is not fully visible. As a result, additional difficulties arise in the organization of its passage. It is safer to make smooth movements, sticking closer to the rock. You should go down the steep slope, facing the rock. When moving on less steep slopes with large ledges, walk sideways, using the palm of your hand for support if necessary. When descending gentle slopes, you can walk as usual, tilting your body slightly back and carrying your load in front of you (if possible). When descending, it is safer to make smooth movements, sticking closer to the rock. If in extreme conditions you need to climb at all costs along a rocky cliff along wet and moss-covered rocks, then it is better to do this not in boots, but in socks, because. Socks provide better grip on slippery rock surfaces than shoes. snow slopes It is better to pass in the early morning, when the snow is still held together by night frost, a strong crust. On slopes with loose snow, go carefully, because. high probability of avalanches. Climb the steep slope facing him, kicking the steps with the toe of your boots. Snowy slopes are best covered in the early morning. Snow and crust will be in a frozen state and this will save you from the need to trample down the steps and save a lot of effort. On a steep snowy slope, it is more reliable to climb head-on. On a strong crust, you need to go in crampons and with mandatory insurance. You should not sharply kick your foot into the snow - it is better to compress the track in it with two or three pressures. Moving along the fragile crust, do not try to stay on its surface. It is better to break through the crust and trample down the step. On the slopes with loose snow, you should go carefully, because. there is a high probability of an avalanche. When driving on snow, self-insurance with an alpenstock is observed. Climbing steep sections is organized in three cycles. An alpenstock sticks in front of him, and, holding on to it with his hands, he drives one foot into the snow, then the other, then the alpenstock is transferred higher, the movement is repeated in the same sequence On gentle slopes they descend facing the valley and, if possible, press their heels into the snow as hard as possible. The Alpenstock keeps at the ready. On gentle slopes, free from stones and cracks, you can go down in a sliding step, reminiscent of skating, insuring yourself with an ice ax. Snow and glaciers If you don't have a good ice ax, studded shoes and the skills to use them, try to avoid glaciers. Zigzag up the steep slopes, breaking through the steps. To maintain balance, place the ice ax or pole slightly to the side. On sloping slopes, drive your heels into the packed snow and use a pole. When descending steep slopes, move backwards, leaning on a pole stuck in the snow. If you slip, it will act as a brake and help you stay in place. But in no case do not use this method if there is a threat of an avalanche. If one of the members of the group falls into a crack, then it should be raised to the surface with all precautions: squeezing the chest with a rope can lead to suffocation. Lower the rope with a loop down, which will take all the load when a person inserts a leg into the loop. If the fallen person has lost consciousness, then the joint efforts of three people with safety equipment will be required to raise him. It is necessary to act as quickly as possible: the temperature in the cracks is very low, and the victim will quickly freeze.
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