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Sound orientation. Travel Tips
How to identify sound distance? Of course, people do not have such wonderful ears as hares or deer, but still ears often replace our eyes. Especially at night or in fog, when visibility is limited, on rough terrain or in the forest, both at night and during the day, hearing is much more useful than sight. If there is no organic change in the hearing aid, then the distance to various noise sources can be determined from the following table:
The data given in the table is very approximate, the conditions for the propagation of sounds strongly depend on the time of day and weather conditions. Sounds are well audible on an open water surface, in the steppe, in calm weather in the absence of wind and bright sun, even in fog. On a quiet summer night, an ordinary human voice in open space can sometimes be heard for half a kilometer. On a frosty autumn or winter night, amazing audibility is possible. This applies to speech, and steps, and the clinking of dishes or weapons. In such conditions, it is very easy to make a mistake in determining the distances “by ear”. In addition, it should be borne in mind that the wind blowing in your direction brings sounds closer, and away from you - removes them. It is believed that the wind can carry the sound to the side, but in a strong wind you are unlikely to hear anything from a distance, so the error will not be large. Although keep this in mind, you never know what miracles do not happen. Audibility worsens with the slightest rain, as well as in hot sunny weather, against the wind, in the forest, bushes or reeds, on loose snow and on sandy soil. Speech, whistles and other high-pitched sounds become inaudible behind a high mountain, hill, ditch, wall, house, and other obstacles. Just as you can look and not see, you can listen and not hear. Just as a musician hears the sound of each instrument in a symphony orchestra and can follow its part, so being in nature it is necessary to learn to distinguish each sound. Not just to hear the bird's hubbub, but also to distinguish the voice of each, to determine where it will fly, where which tree creaks. It won't work without practice. In the nature of the middle zone and the north, animals almost do not make loud sounds or make them very rarely, so almost all sounds that mean danger are made by humans. If you hear even the faintest suspicious noise, you need to freeze in place and listen. It is possible that the sound source will reveal itself a second time. An inexperienced and impatient hunter will betray his presence first, thereby frightening off the beast he is hunting. In fact, a mentally normal person has a much higher endurance than animals. And if it was a person, well, then someone - someone. Sound direction finding can be carried out with an accuracy of up to 3 degrees. The sound changes when the sound source moves over soft, wet, or hard ground, along the street, along a country or field road, over pavement, or over leafy ground. It must be borne in mind that dry earth transmits sounds better than air. Therefore, they listen with their ear to the ground or to the trunks of trees. To improve audibility, it is necessary to attach bent palms, a bowler hat, a piece of pipe to the auricles. To increase the audibility in the direction of the wind, you need to climb a tree, a hillock, etc. Hearing is heightened at night. At night, sounds are well transmitted over the ground. There are certain ways to help you listen at night, namely: 1. lying down: put your ear to the ground; 2. standing: lean one end of the stick against your ear, rest the other end on the ground; 3. stand, leaning slightly forward, shifting the center of gravity of the body to one leg, with a half-open mouth - the teeth are a conductor of sound. Grass prevents you from pressing your ear tightly to the ground, so you can advise the old, pre-electronic method of eavesdropping. Take a mug, a glass or a bowler hat, put it on the ground upside down (the ancient spies preferred to put crystal glasses against the walls and doors, but only aristocrats or ... you know who can drag crystal into the forest). Now put your ear to the bottom and audibility will improve dramatically. You can put your ear to a dry board laid on the ground, which will act as an acoustic lens, or to a dry log dug into the ground. Auto mechanics at the beginning of the century, when there were no computerized stands for diagnosing car malfunctions, put a dry stick in the engine and the other end to the ear and thus perfectly heard what was happening inside the engine. If necessary, you can make a homemade water stethoscope. For this, a glass bottle (or a metal flask) is used, filled with water up to the neck, which is buried in the ground to the level of water in it. A tube (plastic) is tightly inserted into the cork, on which a rubber tube is put on. The other end of the rubber tube, equipped with a tip, is inserted into the ear. To test the sensitivity of the device, hit the ground with your finger at a distance of 4 m from it, throw a bump. The sound of an impact or fall will be clearly audible. Mountains, forests, buildings, ravines, gorges and deep ravines change the direction of the sound, creating an echo. Generate echo and water spaces, contributing to its spread over long distances. The edge of the forest is like a sound mirror. The speed of sound in air is 330 m/sec. two-syllable echo at a distance of at least 1500 meters, for example. you answer - tea is impossible - you can. By measuring the echo arrival time and knowing the speed of sound propagation, it is easy to calculate the distance to the obstacle. Audibility through, water, earth and solids is better than in the air, a variety of underground work is heard in rocks at various distances. In dense rocks, sounds are heard farther than in clayey and sandy ones. In chalk rocks, work with a percussion instrument is heard twice as far as in clay. Experienced listeners picked up the noise in them at a distance of 40 m and at the same time determined the direction of the sound. In the sands, it was possible to distinguish noise from earthen and carpentry work at a distance of 30 meters. In rocks, the audibility of drilling reaches 60-80 meters. Fracture and voids impair their sound transmission. Author: A.E. Menchukov
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