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PERSONAL TRANSPORT: GROUND, WATER, AIR
Jess all-wheel drive all-terrain vehicle. Personal transport
Directory / Personal transport: land, water, air “When I was registering the Jissu with the traffic police, the inspector major did not find fault with the documents. He leafed through them and said: “Let's go and see your car.” He walked around it, looked under the hood, under the bottom, then got into the cab and ordered: "Let's go!" We got out on the highway, rode. At the end, the major points to the hill: "Will you drive in?" I'll try, I say. We started to climb. My passenger tensed up, grabbed the seat. not 45 degrees, we are almost lying on our backs ... But "Jissa" - well done, climbed to the top. Where now, I ask? Major briefly: "In the MREO." Then, quietly, as if to himself, he says: "There is not one here the all-terrain vehicle did not move. What else is there to check? The car got its name in honor of the table mountain closest to the village. True, he had not yet been to its top, but he climbed to the neighboring kilometer-high hill - he took hang gliders there. The author also had a chance, as a passenger of the Jissa, to drive up a hill about 70 m high. And the behavior of the major traffic inspector seems quite logical to him, since the author, having discovered during the ascent that his head suddenly turned out to be lower than his legs, and the all-terrain vehicle continued to stubbornly climb somewhere then up, he himself experienced rather mixed feelings. On the gentle top of the hill, another shock awaited us, literally. Moving in the tall grass, we felt a strong blow. It turned out that the car ran into a boulder the size of a large bucket and turned it out of the ground. A day earlier, a similar thing happened to the car of a friend of Vasily Alekseevich. On the bank of the river, his "Zhiguli" crankcase "caught" a stone of a much smaller size. Experienced motorists know how it turns out for the car. In our case, the examination showed that there were no serious injuries. Only on the rear driveshaft we found a long but shallow scratch. Yes, Soviet helicopters were made to last. It is not for nothing that Sverbil chose the propeller shafts for his car, made of durable steel. Hence the insignificant consequences of the impact. But these are all, so to speak, emergency situations. Basically, the all-terrain vehicle is designed for ordinary trips through the countryside. Therefore, neither in the appearance of the car nor in its design is there anything extravagant by today's standards, which, as a rule, distinguishes all home-made cars known to us. But if we correlate the age of "Jissa" - fifteen years - with her current state, then one involuntarily imbues with respect both for the design (there is no rust, no signs of wear, no matter how noticeable, only the oil seals in the engine are leaking), and for the designer, who everything was thoroughly thought out and carefully executed, endowing his offspring with enviable longevity. Of course, the streets in Zelenchukskaya are not sprinkled with salt in winter. But there are so many stones on them all year round that it is still unknown which is worse. Plus, unexpected changes in humidity and temperature - the climate is sharply continental. In general, not every car in the village looks like "Jissa". The appearance of the all-terrain vehicle is dictated by the presence of what was at the hands of V.A. Sverbil fifteen years ago. And there was a bit of everything: the engine - from VAZ-21011, housings and crankcases of bridges, parking and hydraulic brake units, windshield and instrument panel - from VAZ-2101; roof - from VAZ-2102; Gearboxes, main gearboxes of bridges, rims, hood, radiator lining, electrical equipment, rear seat, power windows and door locks - from VAZ-210Z; transfer case - from VAZ-2121; steering wheel - from VAZ-2105; steering and towbar - from GAZ-69; fuel tank (cut down to 80 l) - from GAZ-51; upper parts of doors with glass - from UAZ-469; tie rod ends - from "Moskvich-407"; front seats - from ZAZ-968; front axle swivel cups - from the all-wheel drive "Moskvich-410", released in a small series in the fifties; tires in size 5,9J-13 - from LuAZ-969M.
Structural elements, the material of which is not indicated in brackets, are made of single or double steel pipe 50x25x2. Clearly imagining what loads his car should withstand, Sverbil immediately abandoned the idea of \u50b\u25ba load-bearing body. Only a power frame, he decided, and without further ado, welded it from sections of a rectangular pipe 2xXNUMXxXNUMX mm and various corners. The frame turned out to be quite technologically advanced, light and at the same time durable, with excellent access to all nodes and assemblies located on it. A towbar was also provided, since a car that is not capable of towing a trailer is of no use in the village. Unlike the frame, the drive axles gave the designer much more trouble. Not only that, the use of a "non-native" gearbox and transfer case entailed the replacement of the main gearboxes (with other gear ratios). The absence at that time of equal angular velocity joints (current CV joints) forced Sverbil to look for a way out in finalizing the front axle, which once belonged to the all-wheel drive Moskvich-410, brought into the village by some wind. After experimenting with various combinations of factory and home-made parts, Sverbil settled on the version of the hinge shown in the figure. To some, the design will seem heavy. Maybe. However, it regularly serves all fifteen years of operation of the Jissa. And will anyone bet that the current "Samara" or "Moskvich" CV joints will work without repair at least half as long ?! Bridges under the frame are suspended on springs in seven sheets and shock absorbers. A little archaic, but reliable. At least until now, Sverbil has no problems with suspensions. The subjective opinion of the author, who is accustomed to a passenger car: the suspension of the "Jiss", of course, is harsh. But this is when driving alone. When the whole family is in the cab, plus four or five sacks of potatoes in the trunk (its volume is almost half a cubic meter), the spring is out of competition. The transfer box is traditionally located under the cab floor, immediately behind the engine and gearbox. Its control levers are brought out into the space between the front seats. The transfer box is attached to the drive axles by unusually thin for the motorist's eye, but very strong, as we now know, cardan shafts, borrowed from the decommissioned helicopter's transmission. It should be noted that due to the peculiarities of the Jissa layout, the designer had to place the main axle gearboxes asymmetrically with respect to the longitudinal axis of the machine, which entailed a corresponding revision of the axle shafts and their casings. However, this did not adversely affect the running and performance of the all-terrain vehicle. Cabin "Jissa" extremely laconic form. The predominance of flat surfaces greatly simplified the design and accelerated its production. Cabin frame - a spatial farm, welded mainly from pipes of round, square sections and U-shaped profile. In several places, to give the frame the necessary rigidity, double gussets were used, curved from a steel sheet 1,8 mm thick. The floor of the cab, the walls of the engine compartment, the vaults of the wheel arches and all kinds of internal linings are made from the same sheet. The thickness of the plating of the sides, doors and rear cargo hatch cover is 1 mm, the cab roof is 0,8 mm. The hood with all mechanization is "Zhiguli", from VAZ-210Z. Cabin glazing combined: windshield - from VAZ-2103, door windows - from UAZ-469; the side windows are cut from triplex, the back glass is organic.
From the inside, the cabin is finished with materials widely used in everyday life: the floor is lined with insulated linoleum; the sides are covered with multilayer panels of fibreboard (insulation), felt (sound absorber) and table oilcloth (upholstery); the ceiling is covered with fiberboard and leatherette on glue. All panels are secured with self-tapping screws. The tailgate and hatch cover furthest from the engine are also filled with foam rubber to reduce heat leakage through them in winter. The rubber seals on the doors and cargo hatch serve the same purpose. The front seats are adjustable, the rear seats can be folded down or completely removed if you need to maximize the size of the trunk. Bumpers "Jissa" are riveted from individual parts of the bumpers of Izhevsk "Muscovites". A lot of things in his lifetime tinkered "Jissa". And she had to tow from a log to ... a helicopter. It was she who delivered the SV-3 helicopter to the airfield on the outskirts of Zelenchukskaya. This procession, unusual for a rural hinterland, was accompanied by a cavalcade of traffic police cars and curious drivers. The video recording confirms the interest among the villagers was caused by the appearance of a home-made aircraft on their street. The helicopter was the center of attention. But about him another time... Authors: V.Sverbil, A.Timchenko
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