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PERSONAL TRANSPORT: GROUND, WATER, AIR
Paraglider Alfa-29. Personal transport
Directory / Personal transport: land, water, air A flight from the constellation Orion to the constellation Scorpio, namely to the alpha of the constellation - Antares, would probably require much more time than the creation of paragliders named after stars. The family of paragliders of the Orion series, which has become a safe guide to paragliding for hundreds of pilots, was developed in more than ten modifications during the period from 1986 to 1994. "Orions" are still respected due to their high reliability and hold the palm as the first domestic serial paragliders (the beginning of serial production - May 1990, protected by a certificate for an industrial design. Authors: O. Zaitsev and A. Chernovalov). The "Orions" began to fly on Mount Klementyev in Koktebel, where, after preliminary flights, the most serious test of the aircraft was carried out by test paratrooper V. Kotov. Then, on Mount Ai Pegri in the Yalta region, the paraglider was tested by a pilot instructor in para- and hang gliding from Germany. A little later, safe methods of single and paired towing flights were worked out on it (1990 - 1991), and Oleg Or's first domestic paramotor, made on the basis of the Izhevsk motorcycle engine (1992, the name of the paraglider is "AVIZ-Latena"), V. Bozhukov planned from the slopes and peaks of the Pamir seven-thousanders and experimented with flying radio-controlled robots (1991 - 1993). I myself participated in the Orion-27C in the World Championship (Switzerland, 1993) v, etc. On the "Orions" won prizes in almost all competitions in 1990 - 1993, and in 1995 at the CIS Cup A. Kobyzev, "transferred" from his native hang glider to such an unusual device on the eve of the competition, took 3rd place. In January 1992, my wife and I organized the AVIZ company, which still carries out all the development of paragliders and equipment for them. Simultaneously with the modifications of the Orion, experimental models of new paragliders were also created. So, at the beginning of 1993, a device with a small dome area (19 m2) named "Jonathan" was developed and tested, which had many design innovations. Firstly, a transverse cut of the upper surface of the dome was applied (similar to a hang glider) and a flatter shape of the center section was set in combination with a downward deflection of the end parts along a small radius. Secondly, thin profiles with a relative thickness of 9...11% are used. Thirdly, the design of the nodes for connecting lines to the dome has been changed. All this together provided a range of flight speeds comparable to a hang glider, which could not be obtained on other paragliders of the same area, for example, on the Trilair-19 of the Swiss company Ailes de K. However, this device turned out to be somewhat premature and work on it has been postponed for the time being. After getting acquainted with a similar technique directly during participation in the World and European Championships (Slovenia, 1994), the development of new paragliders in the perfomance (sports and training) and competition (sports) classes began. So, in 1995, the "Alpha" series appeared with a dome elongation of 5.3 ... 5.6, and in 1996 - "Antares" with an elongation of 6,6 ... , an increase in this indicator provides an increase in the aerodynamic quality of the wing). "Alpha" and "Antares" are essentially links of the same direction, as they are based on a delta-shaped dome in plan. In other words, they have a straight sweep along the leading and trailing edges. It was the delta shape of the canopy, combined with the correct set of profiles (ribs) and a certain adjustment of the line system, that provided obvious progress in flight performance and reliability. Such preliminary conclusions were made after comparing the Antares in flights 1996 - 1997 with the best samples, such as Zen (Arso), Huop and Xenon (Nova) and others. But Antares will be discussed later, when practical experience has been accumulated. The main performance characteristics of paragliders
In this article, it is advisable to dwell on the paragliders of the Alpha series, for which Antares can be considered as an option confirming the correctness of the direction we have chosen in many respects. For example, the same elongation of the canopy (7,3) today is at least one - one and a half higher than the achieved level of most foreign sports paragliders. The first experimental prototype of Alpha was manufactured in January 1995 and had more than 30 flight hours in May. Of these, about 20 hours were required to adjust the line system, which ensures safety in all flight modes. In total, the flight time on the leading model that year was about 80 hours, including flights at the championships of the CIS, Ukraine and tests in Switzerland, which were conducted jointly with the German company Flight Design. For two years on all "alphas" pilots have flown more than 600 hours. But in order to find the optimal adjustments and other parameters of the paraglider, I myself had to sacrifice participation in all competitions and the rating of the athlete, since for greater efficiency the bulk of the work was carried out on Israeli paradromes, which are distinguished by stable weather conditions. Below is a brief description of the design of the 29 Alfa-1997 paraglider. The dome-wing has a delta shape and contains 55 cells formed by a series connection of ribs with elements of the upper and lower panels. When cutting the latter, the lengths of the backs and troughs of adjacent profiles are used, respectively, and the bevel angles along the front (a) and rear (P) edges are determined by the sweep angle of the dome. The seam allowance is left at the rate of 12 ... 15 mm. Air intakes of a semicircular shape are cut out in the front part of the lower panels, with the exception of six end ones (three on each side), and are reinforced along the contour with Dacron stripes. The ribs are carriers of the wing profiles. As you move away from the longitudinal axis of the dome to its end parts, the profiles change in accordance with the pattern set by the values of the relative coordinates of the maximum thickness of the central and end profiles, which ensures the aerodynamic twist of the dome. Thus, each rib has its own geometric parameters, which distinguishes the Alpha from many foreign paragliders, where one basic profile is used. The combination of aerodynamic twist with a delta shape provides a compromise between easy handling, the stability of a paraglider with good damping properties in conditions of increased turbulence of the external flow, the rigidity of the canopy in flight and high aerodynamic characteristics. Uniform filling of the dome along the entire span is carried out due to oval holes in the ribs. So that the latter do not lose strength, the holes are located in the region of a conditional isosceles triangle formed by segments of the lower edge of the ribs and rays drawn from points a, b, c and d at an angle of approximately 45 ° to the base. As materials for the manufacture of panels and ribs of the canopy, traditional fabrics for paragliders of foreign or domestic production can be used - "Alpha" is not very sensitive to such factors. However, it should be remembered that heavier domestic materials complicate starts in calm weather. Table of line lengths for the paraglider "Alfa-29" (dimensions are given in centimeters)
A harmonious system is a branched type. Slings are connected to the loops of the dome, sewn along each rib for lane-a, b and c) and through one rib for rows d and c! *. They are made from low stretch cords containing a core and an outer sheath. For short slings, cords with a diameter of 1,1 ... 1,3 mm are used with a breaking force of 60 ... 80 mm breaking force 100...120 kgf. By adjusting the line system (by selecting the length of the lines), when fine-tuning the paraglider, the optimal values of the installation angles of the canopy in all longitudinal sections are achieved, which characterizes the geometric twist of the wing. This final finishing step is usually the longest and most laborious, but the line length table will make it much easier. Control lines, also of a branched type, connect the rear edge of the canopy with a loop (toggle), with which the pilot controls the paraglider from the moment of launch to landing. Each toggle is connected to one or two lines. The free ends are made in 4-row design (a, b, c) with a sliding row c). Optionally, two blocks for the "accelerator" or one block on the strap for the foot trimmer can be installed on the front straps. Both of these additional devices provide an extension of the range of flight speeds. The free ends are made of LTKP type nylon tape with a width of 22 to 26 mm and a tensile strength of at least 600 kgf. One of the most important parameters of a paraglider for every pilot is the area of the canopy or, more precisely, the specific load on the wing. Therefore, the information provided by the developers about the weight of the pilot with a tolerance of 15...30 kg for each standard size of the paraglider is not correct. In connection with this conclusion, a universal method for individual selection of the dome area was developed for Alpha by varying the width of the panels and the length of the chords with a constant number of cells, which makes it possible to refuse to adjust the specific load using extremely inconvenient water ballasts. The suspension system consists of a base, shoulder, chest and leg straps. The first one is sewn from nylon fabric in two or three layers. To give the system greater rigidity, pockets are made in its back and seat into which plywood inserts are inserted. Straps made of LTKP-44-1600 tape and equipped with detachable buckles can be adjusted in length. Connected to the base and to each other (fasteners are made with a zigzag stitch with threads No. XNUMXK), they securely fix the pilot. For amateur designers who wish to make a paraglider of the "Alpha" type according to this publication, I recommend that after assembling and adjusting the apparatus, it should be flown by a qualified pilot of the appropriate organization. Author: O.Zaitsev
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