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Rectifier calculation

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Since the vast majority of power supply designs use a full-wave rectifier, the diodes of which are connected in a bridge circuit (Fig. 1), the choice of its elements will be discussed here. Calculating a rectifier means choosing the right rectifier diodes and filter capacitor, as well as determining the necessary alternating voltage removed for rectification from the secondary winding of the mains transformer. The initial data for calculating the rectifier are: the required voltage at the load (U_н) and the maximum current consumed by it (I_н).

The calculation is carried out in the following order:

1. Determine the alternating voltage that should be on the secondary winding of the mains transformer:

U₂ =BU_н,

where: U_н - constant voltage at the load, V;
B is a coefficient depending on the load current, which is determined from Table. one.

2. Based on the load current, determine the maximum current flowing through each diode of the rectifier bridge:

I_д = 0,5 C I_н,

where: I_д - t * ok through the diode, A;
I_н - maximum load current, A;
C is a coefficient depending on the load current (determined according to Table 1).

3. Calculate the reverse voltage that will be applied to each rectifier diode:

U_arr = 1,5U_н,

where: U_arr - reverse voltage, V;
U_н - load voltage, V.

4. Diodes are selected, in which the values ​​of the rectified current and the permissible reverse voltage are equal to or exceed the calculated ones.

5. Determine the capacitance of the filter capacitor:

С_ф = 3200 I_н /U_н K_п,

where: C_ф - capacitance of the filter capacitor, uF;
I_н - maximum load current. A;
U_н - load voltage, V;
K_п - ripple coefficient of the rectified voltage (the ratio of the amplitude value of the variable component with a frequency of 100 Hz at the rectifier output to the average value of the rectified voltage).

For various loads, the ripple factor should not exceed a certain value, otherwise the AC hum will be heard in the dynamic head or loudspeaker. To power portable receivers and tape recorders, for example, the rectified voltage ripple factor is within 10^-3... 10^-2, RF and IF amplifiers - 10^-4... 10^-3, preliminary cascades of low-frequency amplifiers and microphone amplifiers - 10^-5... 10^-4. If the output voltage of the rectifier is additionally stabilized by a transistor voltage stabilizer, then the calculated capacitance of the filter capacitor can be reduced by 5...10 times.

Publication: radioman.ru

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