Let's decide without a gyroscope. Drawing, description

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Let's decide without a gyroscope. Children's Science Lab

Children's Science Lab

A new system for autonomous determination of aircraft and ships on the ground has been patented, much simpler and more accurate than currently used.

One of the main problems of the so-called autonomous navigation is to determine the vertical of the Earth, that is, the direction to the center of our planet. If you are on its firmament and are not moving anywhere, finding this vertical is a trifling matter - you hung a weight, and there are no problems. And if you are tossed across the ocean, water or air? They came up with a device that simulates a pendulum in such conditions, and called it an inertial vertical - IV. Today it is one of the main components of autonomous navigation systems. This is a platform with accelerometers and gyroscopes located on it. In a calm state, on land, it is "exposed", that is, set, in a strictly horizontal position and forced to rotate at a frequency corresponding to the location of the ship or aircraft, for example, at the equator - 15 rpm, at the pole - 0.

It takes a lot of time, but even this is not the main drawback of such systems. When the object moves, the readings of the accelerometers (measuring linear accelerations) are automatically summed up and fed to the platform servo drive, which, according to these signals, should keep the rotating platform in a horizontal position relative to the Earth's vertical.

However, accelerometers integrate not only useful signals, but also errors arising, for example, from vibrations. And if the platform deviates by at least 1 minute due to these errors, the error in determining the distance traveled per hour will be 18,5 km.

Therefore, periodically it is necessary to correct the results with the help of radio communications, astronomy, etc. And this is despite the fact that such high requirements are imposed on the elements of this system, especially gyroscopes, that they cannot always be satisfied.

Decide without a gyroscope

The father and son Naumovs from Yeysk decided, if so, to do without gyroscopes altogether. They patented a method and a device for autonomous determination on the ground, the basis of which is vessels filled with liquid, for example, semicircular in cross section (see figure). The shape may be different, but the vessels must be able to tilt to some allowable angle. The authors proved that in the cross sections of these vessels 2 and 3 there are many pairwise identically located points C1 and C2, the heights of the liquid columns above which h1 and h2 remain equal, which means that the vertical pressure components in them are also equal. However, the horizontal components of pressure at these points will be different at inclinations, and they will become the basis for the formation of signals I1 and I2 to servo drive 4. Without going into details, we say that the authors proved that such a system, installed instead of conventional gyroscopes with them) and will keep platform 1 constantly horizontal.

At the same time, the initial setting of the platform is not necessary, the entire structure is dramatically simplified, it becomes much more reliable, it is not afraid of any vibrations, navigation with its help is greatly simplified and refined.

But even this is not enough. The new system can be used as a skid sensor on ground vehicles.

It can be added that the authors have invented a number of other navigation systems that allow to be determined with an accuracy of tens of meters, regardless of the operating time. These devices are patented.

Author: O. Serdyukov

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