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Needle (mouse turn, ruskus). Legends, myths, symbolism, description, cultivation, methods of application

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Content

1. Photos, basic scientific information, legends, myths, symbolism
2. Genus, family, origin, range, chemical composition, economic importance
3. Botanical description, reference data, useful information, illustrations
4. Recipes for use in traditional medicine and cosmetology
5. Tips for growing, harvesting and storing

Needle (mouse turn, ruskus), Ruscus. Photos of the plant, basic scientific information, legends, myths, symbolism

Basic scientific information, legends, myths, symbolism

Sort by: Needle (Ruscus)

Family: Asparagus (Asparagaceae)

Origin: Europe, North Africa, West Asia

Area: Ruscus is common in the temperate climates of Europe, North Africa and Western Asia.

Chemical composition: Butcher's broom leaves contain the cardenolide glycoside ruscocin, as well as alkaloids and saponins.

Economic value: Butcher's broom is used as an ornamental plant, as well as in medicine as a vasoconstrictor and anti-inflammatory agent. From the roots and stems of butcher's needles, vegetable fibers are obtained, which are used in the textile industry.

Legends and myths: In the Catholic tradition, the needle is associated with Mary, the mother of Jesus Christ. Its green leaves and red berries symbolize the hope and blood of Christ. In some cultures, the needle is also used as a medicine and magical amulets to protect against evil forces. In general, the needle can be a symbol of stamina and endurance, protection and amulets, eternal life and immortality, good luck and prosperity, inner beauty and strength.

Needle (mouse turn, ruskus), Ruscus. Description, illustrations of the plant

Needle (mouse turn, ruskus), Ruscus. Botanical description of the plant, area, methods of application, cultivation

The scientific name Ruscus comes from the Anglo-Saxon word for box. The Russian name speaks for itself - the plant is very prickly, the shoots look like leaves, each has a sharp needle at the end.

There are several species in the genus Ruscus that live in the northern hemisphere

Butcher's broom, or Pontic, or prickly (Ruscus aculeatus) - is found along the entire Black Sea coast of the Krasnodar Territory, on the southern coast of Crimea, in Transcaucasia, in Turkey, in Western and Southern Europe, in North Africa.

Butcher's needle (Ruscus colchicus Yeo) - is found in the Krasnodar Territory in the basins of the Belaya and Laba rivers and along the Black Sea coast from the Tuapse region to the southern border of the region. It also grows in Georgia and Northeast Turkey.

Butcher's broom (Ruscus hyrcanus Woronow) - found in the Southern Crimea, South-Eastern Transcaucasia (Astara and Lankaran regions of Azerbaijan), Northern Iran.

Butcher's broom (Ruscus hypoglossum L.) - Central and southeastern Europe.

Butcher's broom (Ruscus hypophyllum L.) - Iberian Peninsula, northwest Africa.

Ruscus microglossus Bertol. - Southern Europe.

Ruscus streptophyllus Yeo - Madeira.

Needles are small evergreen shrubs and shrubs. Creeping rhizome. The stem is finely furrowed, the branches (shoots) are turned into phylloclades (flat shoots that look like leaves and perform the function of photosynthesis) in the form of leathery plates with prominent parallel veins and a sharp tip.

The leaves of the needles are reduced, triangular-awl-shaped, small, membranous.

Inflorescences consist of small flowers on more or less long pedicels located on the surface of phylloclades (i.e., on the surface of shoots, not leaves!), develop from a bud on the middle rib of the upper or, less often, lower surface of the phyllocladium.

Flowers unisexual with remnants of reduced androecium or gynoecium or bisexual, but functioning as unisexual, small. Perianths are greenish, six-parted, falling, with deviated lobes, of which the inner ones are narrower. Anther flowers consist of six or three stamens fused into an ovoid tube extending from the base of the flower or from the limb of the perianth; anthers are located at the end of the tube. The pistil in a pistillate flower is surrounded by filaments devoid of anthers, the style of the pistil is very short, and the stigma is capitate. The ovary is one-two-, rarely three-celled, with two ovules in each nest. Reproduction is seed and vegetative.

Butcher's needle, or Pontic (the specific name Pontic is associated with the name of the historical region of Pontus, which lies on the southern coast of the Black Sea). This is a perennial shrub 60 cm high, but can reach 1 m, bluish-green in color. Stems erect, finely furrowed, finely rough along the ribs. Phyllocladia (leaf-like shoots) are strong, leathery, lanceolate, drawn into a long prickly point, the midrib is well distinguished. The flowers are small, located on the underside of the phyllocladium, in the axil of a small lanceolate bract. Berries on a stem, large, red, 8-10 mm in diameter, two-seeded. Blooms in February-April.

Butcher's needle Colchis (the specific name is associated with the name of the historical region of Colchis on the western coast of the Black Sea). This is a perennial shrub 45-55 cm high. The stems are straight. Phyllocladia (leaf-like shoots) are large, oblong, pointed, lower opposite, upper alternate. The flowers are small, located on the underside of the phyllocladium, in the axil of a small lanceolate bract. Berries on a stem, large, red, 8-10 mm in diameter, two-seeded. Flowers bloom gradually during autumn and winter, with edible berries ripening in spring.

Ruscus hyrcanus Ruscus hyrcanus (the specific name is associated with the name of the historical region of Hyrcania on the Caspian coast of Azerbaijan). This is a perennial shrub 25-40 cm tall. Stem furrowed, branched. The branches at the top of the stem are five, rarely four or six. Four branches form a whorl, and the fifth is a continuation of the stem, all of almost the same length, arcuately curved to the side and down.

Phyllocladia (leaf-like shoots) green, oblong-ovate or lanceolate-elliptical, less often broadly lanceolate, 12-25 mm long, 8-13 mm wide (with apex), with clear, frequent parallel veins, with spiny apex 2-2,5 mm long, with strongly prominent keeled midrib. Flowers 2-5 in bunches in the axils of membranous bracts, rarely solitary, as well as other needles, located on the underside of phylloclades. Blooms in April. Fruits in September - October.

The fruit of the needle is a fleshy red berry 8-13 mm in diameter, on a short stalk, one- or two-seeded. The seed is almost spherical. The fruits of the butcher's needle are edible, ripen in November-December.

Representatives of the needle genus are quite widespread in Europe: France (including Corsica), Spain (including the Balearic Islands), Portugal, Italy (including Sardinia and Sicily), Albania, Bulgaria, Greece, Crete, Romania, Yugoslavia, Hungary, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Sweden. Needles grow in the Crimea, the Caucasus, Transcaucasia, the Azores and Canary Islands, Madeira, Asia - Palestine, Turkey, Iran, Africa - Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia.

Butcher's needle, or Pontic, grows in juniper light forests, in communities of Crimean pine and Pitsunda pine, on rocks, in hornbeam communities. It is undemanding to soils, grows on humus-calcareous soils. In the Western Caucasus (Khvamli massif) it rises to a height of 1600 m above sea level.

Butcher's broom is a component of the undergrowth of dark coniferous, mixed and deciduous forests of the Colchian type. It grows in gorges at an altitude of up to 2000 m above sea level. It is confined to clayey, loamy, sufficiently moist, lime-containing soils, it renews itself and grows very slowly. The flowers open gradually during autumn and winter; fruits ripen in spring.

Butcher's broom grows in forests up to 1200 m above sea level, in boxwood groves. It is part of the shrub layer in oak forests, on fresh clayey yellow earth and weakly podzolic soils. Rhizome geophyte.

In most habitats, needles are protected, because. are subjected to mass collection for wreaths, bouquets, garlands and brooms. Disappear as a result of deforestation and trampling. Butcher's broom is endangered and is listed in the Red Book of Georgia. Butcher's broom is also included in the Red Book of Azerbaijan as a rare relic species, protected in the territory of the Hyrcanian National Park (on the border with Iran).

Butcher's roots contain styrenes, flavonoids, anthraquinones, essential and fatty oils.

Young shoots of needles are edible, and the fruits of some needles are used by the local population for food. They also serve as a surrogate for coffee.

Ruscus has anti-inflammatory and diuretic properties. Also, with the help of drugs from the rhizome of the needle, you can treat arthritis and arthrosis, and also restore impaired metabolism.

The property of medicine has become the properties of needles, which allow stimulating blood circulation, strengthening venous walls, as well as improving cell metabolism and strengthening capillaries. In this regard, the needle is an excellent remedy for preventing the formation of blood clots. Also, this plant helps fight varicose veins. Butcher's broom is recommended for the treatment of premenstrual syndrome and the relief of conditions associated with venous-lymphatic insufficiency (heaviness in the legs, varicose veins, hemorrhoids). It is also a good remedy for cramps and swelling.

When used orally, needle preparations have been found to cause vasoconstriction of the skin. In connection with these indicators, the plant is successfully used to treat insufficiency of the veins of the lower extremities and exacerbations of hemorrhoids, with venous dysfunctions associated with premenstrual syndrome, pregnancy and oral contraceptives.

Taking drugs from butcher's broom causes an increase in blood pressure in pregnant women. Sometimes a side effect of taking a needle is some discomfort in the stomach and its disorders.

Needles are used for making evergreen borders in gardens and parks with a warm climate. Young shoots of needles are edible, and the fruits of some needles are used by the local population for food, they serve as a substitute for coffee, beads are also sometimes made from them. Butcher's broom is harvested by the local population for future use as fodder for livestock. Some types of needles are used in folk medicine.

The plant is cultivated in the botanical gardens of the subtropics.

Needle (mouse turn, ruskus), Ruscus. Recipes for use in traditional medicine and cosmetology

Ethnoscience:

• Treatment of varicose veins: prepare an infusion from the root of the needle. Pour 1 tablespoon of chopped roots with 1 cup of boiling water and leave for 10-15 minutes. Strain the infusion and drink 1/4 cup of infusion 2-3 times a day. This infusion helps to strengthen the walls of the veins and reduce swelling.
• Treatment of kidney diseases: use a decoction of butcher's root. Pour 1 tablespoon of chopped roots with 1 cup of boiling water and leave for 10-15 minutes. Strain the infusion and drink 1/4 cup of infusion 2-3 times a day. This decoction helps with cystitis, pyelonephritis and other kidney diseases.
• Treatment for hemorrhoids: use an ointment based on the extract of the butcher's broom. Mix 1 part butcher's broom extract with 2 parts shea butter and add a few drops of lavender essential oil. Apply the ointment to the affected areas of the skin and massage for a few minutes. This ointment helps reduce inflammation and improve circulation.
• Rheumatism treatment: use an ointment based on the extract of the butcher's broom. Mix 1 part butcher's broom extract with 2 parts shea butter and add a few drops of peppermint essential oil. Apply the ointment to the affected joints and massage for a few minutes. This ointment helps reduce inflammation and relieve pain.

Cosmetology:

• Foot cream: Mix the butcher's broom extract with shea butter and add a few drops of peppermint essential oil. Apply the cream on your feet and massage for a few minutes. This cream helps reduce swelling and improve circulation in the legs.
• Eye cream: Mix the butcher's broom extract with avocado oil and add a few drops of lavender essential oil. Apply the cream around the eye area and massage for a few minutes. This cream helps reduce dark circles and puffiness under the eyes.
• Face cream: Mix the butcher's broom extract with shea butter and add a few drops of rosemary essential oil. Apply the cream on your face and massage for a few minutes. This cream helps improve blood circulation and tone the skin.
• Mask for the face: mix the butcher's broom extract with fresh cucumber puree and add some starch. Apply the mask on your face and keep it for 10-15 minutes, then rinse with water. This mask helps to moisturize the skin and reduce swelling.

Attention! Before use, consult with a specialist!

Needle (mouse turn, ruskus), Ruscus. Tips for growing, harvesting and storing

Ruscus (Ruscus) is a plant often used for landscaping and decorating gardens and parks.

Tips for growing, harvesting and storing needles:

Cultivation:

• Ruscus prefers shady places and moderately moist, fertile soil. The plant can grow in both acidic and alkaline soil.
• Plants can be grown from seeds or cuttings. Seeds should be sown in spring, and cuttings take root best in summer.
• Butcher's broom can be sensitive to frost, so it should be grown in temperate climates.
• The distance between plants should be about 30-50 cm.
• Planting depth of seedlings should be such that the neck of the root is at the level of the soil.
• Planting needles is best done in spring or autumn.
• Butcher's-broom needs regular watering during periods of drought and top dressing with fertilizers in spring and summer.
• Plants need pruning to keep their shape and improve growth quality.
• Iglitsa should be protected from frost and strong winds.

Workpiece:

• Butcher's needle leaves can be used as a decorative material for flower arrangements and bouquets.
• Leaves should be harvested in spring or summer when they are at their best.
• The collected leaves should be thoroughly dried and stored in a dry place.

Storage:

• Dry butcher's broom leaves can be stored in bags or containers for several months.
• It is best to store needles in a cool and dry place to avoid damage to the leaves and preserve their decorative properties.

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