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Alfalfa Townsville (Stilosanthes Sund). Legends, myths, symbolism, description, cultivation, methods of application

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Content

1. Photos, basic scientific information, legends, myths, symbolism
2. Genus, family, origin, range, chemical composition, economic importance
3. Botanical description, reference data, useful information, illustrations
4. Recipes for use in traditional medicine and cosmetology
5. Tips for growing, harvesting and storing

Townsville alfalfa (Sundian stylosanthes), Stylosanthes humilis. Photos of the plant, basic scientific information, legends, myths, symbolism

Basic scientific information, legends, myths, symbolism

Sort by: Townsville Alfalfa (Stylosanthes humilis)

Family: Legumes (Fabaceae)

Origin: Townsville Alfalfa originates from Australia and New Zealand where it grows naturally. It is currently cultivated in various parts of the world.

Area: Townsville alfalfa is found in tropical and subtropical regions around the world, including Australia, New Zealand, Africa, and South America.

Chemical composition: Townsville alfalfa contains many nutrients, including proteins, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, and minerals. It also contains flavonoids, which can help fight various diseases.

Economic value: Townsville alfalfa is used as feed for livestock and poultry. Also, the plant can be used to improve the soil due to its ability to fix nitrogen. Townsville alfalfa is used in medicine to treat certain diseases.

Legends and myths: Townsville Alfalfa can be a symbol of productivity due to its ability to produce high yields. Townsville Alfalfa can be a symbol of life and survival due to its ability to grow in a variety of environments and provide food for animals. Townsville alfalfa can be a symbol of environmental sustainability due to its ability to improve the soil without the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides.

Townsville alfalfa (Sundian stylosanthes), Stylosanthes humilis. Description, illustrations of the plant

Townsville alfalfa (Sundian stylosanthes), Stylosanthes humilis. Methods of application, origin of the plant, range, botanical description, cultivation

Townsville alfalfa, or Sunda stylosanthes (Stylosanthes humilis HBK, syn. Stylosanthes sundaica Taub), is an excellent legume forage grass used mainly for grazing, less often for hay and silage. It stands out among tropical pasture grasses by the ability to withstand fairly intense grazing. Forms high yields of fodder mass, well eaten by animals.

The fodder mass of Townsville alfalfa is thin-stemmed, with high nutritional qualities. The dry matter of the aboveground mass contains protein - 12,3-21,4%, fat - 0,7-3,6, BEV - 41-49,7, fiber - 21,4-36,2, ash - 5,2 -13,1, calcium 1,7 and phosphorus - 0,35%. Green mass and hay have high taste qualities. Feeding Townsville alfalfa significantly improves livestock productivity.

In the conditions of Northern Australia, when grazing animals on natural pastures with undersowing of Townsville alfalfa, the daily milk yield increased by 0,42-0,54 kg and meat gain by 38,2 kg per head per year compared with grazing them on natural pastures.

Townsville alfalfa comes from South and Central America.

Currently, it is grown in tropical areas located between 23 ° C. w in Mexico and 28°S. sh. in Australia, with a height above sea level. sea ​​from 110 m in Australia to 1500 m in Myanmar. It is widely distributed in Brazil, Venezuela, Panama, India, Indonesia, Myanmar, Australia, Nigeria and other tropical countries.

Townsville alfalfa is a self-pollinating annual, rarely perennial legume that propagates easily by self-sowing.

Taproot, stems numerous, pubescent, raised or decumbent, 70-90 cm tall.

Leaves trifoliate, leaflets lanceolate, 1-1,3 cm long and 3-5 mm wide.

The flowers are yellow or yellow-orange, collected in small inflorescences of 6 or more pieces.

The fruit is a single-seeded bean, 2-3 mm long, with a hook-shaped beak. The mass of 1000 seeds is 2,3-2,5 g. The yield is from 17 to 99% of hard seeds. Germination of freshly harvested seeds is 2-50%.

In the first growing season, it spreads horizontally, but, having created a dense herbage, grows in height. Flowering lasts up to 3 months, which makes it difficult to collect seeds.

In the 1st year, it does not always form a sufficiently dense herbage, but in the 2nd and subsequent years, due to self-sowing, it forms a dense herbage of high productivity.

Townsville alfalfa is a heat-loving, drought-resistant and photophilous short-day plant. It is distributed in areas with a temperature of 12-28 ° C, an annual rainfall of 450-3750 mm, with a dry season lasting 3-7 months. The most favorable temperature for plant growth is 27-33 °C. Frosts in the subtropics limit the cultivation of seed crops. Requires medium moisture, but can withstand a long dry period. It grows well in places with deep groundwater.

Very responsive to lighting duration. It develops well with a 10-14 hour day. At a 10-hour day, it forms lying stems, and at 12-14 hours - raised. Blooms fastest at 10-hour day. However, a higher dry matter yield is formed on an extended bottom (14 hours).

Undemanding to soil conditions. It can grow well on sandy, heavy (rice) and infertile soils with a pH of 4,5-7,1. Gives the highest yields on sandy and loamy, moderately drained soils rich in phosphorus, with a pH of 5,8.

It works well in joint crops with many types of cereal grasses and, when mixed with them, significantly increases the nutritional value of pasture forage. As a leguminous plant, it improves soil fertility, enriches it with nitrogen and therefore can be a valuable component for crop rotations. It is of value for use as a ground cover and green manure crop.

It has a greater ability to absorb phosphorus than other legumes, especially in forms that are not available to other legumes.

Townsville alfalfa responds well to sulfur and boron additions. Boric fertilizers improve plant growth, increase their seed productivity, increase the nitrogen-fixing ability of nodule bacteria, and increase the intake and further use of calcium in the plant.

Under the conditions of northeastern Thailand, the dry matter yield of this alfalfa increased by 65% after applying 2 kg/ha of P5O18, and by 25% when combined with 38 kg/ha of sulfur. It is able to increase the fertility of very poor soils. After several years of cultivation, it leaves from 100 to 220 kg of nitrogen per 1 ha, mainly in the top 5 cm soil layer.

From sulfur fertilizers, a mixture of superphosphate and sulfur, powdered gypsum (14,5% sulfur), and granular sulfur are used. As boron fertilizers, boron superphosphate (boron content 0,5-1,3% and 19-37% assimilable phosphorus), boric acid (boron up to 17,5%), crystalline borax (boron 11%) and boron datolyte fertilizer (boron 2-2,2%). On acidic soils and when high doses of phosphorus are applied, molybdenum fertilizers are used (ammonium molybdate, sodium molybdate, molybdenized superphosphate, etc.).

The basic tillage is the same as for Brazilian alfalfa. The small seeds of Townsville alfalfa require very careful cutting and leveling of the soil surface. Soil pre-sowing should consist of disc harrowing or disc harrowing followed by a light tine harrow.

Seeds must be squarified and inoculated before sowing. Good results are provided by seed inoculation with strains CB-756 or Chinese cowpea.

It is sown randomly or in an ordinary way with a seeding rate of 3-9 kg of seeds per 1 ha. With a high sowing rate (7-9 kg/ha), good grass stand density is achieved faster. However, given the high cost of seeds, low planting rates (3-5 kg/ha), even if they result in longer planting intervals and good stand density, are more economical. Small seed placement - no more than 1 cm. Sowing is carried out in the rainy season. In the conditions of the African savannah, sowing in the dry season - from mid-March to mid-June - with the use of aviation gives satisfactory results.

For uniform, shallow placement of seeds and their optimal contact with the soil, post-sowing rolling is carried out. In Northern Nigeria, planting on a flat, fine-grained soil surface, twice tilled with a harrow followed by rolling, created the best conditions for seed germination. Such tillage increased the seedling density by almost 3 times.

Simultaneously with sowing, it is recommended to apply 100-125 kg of superphosphate per 1 ha; on soils poor in molybdenum - 130 kg/ha of molybdenized superphosphate. To obtain high yields, it is necessary to apply phosphorus fertilizers after germination. In the forest zone of Thailand, even low rates of phosphate and sulfur (125 kg per 1 ha of a mixture of gypsum and triple superphosphate in a ratio of 21), applied superficially, had a positive effect on herbage density and seed productivity of plants.

The most important condition for the formation of high and stable yields on pastures is the creation of an optimal ratio of water and air in the soil. With a lack of moisture in the soil, different methods of irrigation are used. Sprinkling provides the greatest effect, especially in combination with the application of mineral fertilizers. In excessively humid areas, the effective use of pastures is impossible without prior drainage.

Weed control on sown and natural pastures can significantly increase grass yields and forage quality. Preventive measures are effective if they are applied carefully and on the entire area of ​​pastures. For sowing, compaction and enrichment of pasture herbage by oversowing Traunswilian alfalfa, it is necessary to use only purified seed material.

Good results in the fight against weeds are provided by a combination of mechanical and chemical methods of their destruction. First, weeds are weakened by mowing, and then sprayed with herbicides (2,4-D, 2,4-DV).

Application of herbicides is most effective at the beginning of the rainy season or during regrowth after the next grazing or mowing.

Due to its high viability, Townsville alfalfa can be grown in grass mixtures with many cereal grasses, even with tall and bushy ones, in particular with Guinea grass, paragrass, Buffalo grass, lying dewdrop, Bermuda grass, etc. Its grass mixture with lying dewdrop gives very good results. In Florida, the yield of dry mass of such a grass mixture was 9,3 t/ha, and one rosichka - 5,2 t/ha. In Australia, 1-2 times more fodder mass is obtained from 2,5 ha of this grass mixture compared to pure sowing.

It is also effective to sow Townsville alfalfa in natural pastures. This technique significantly increases the yield and quality of feed. It is used on sparse herbage (after clearing of shrubs, tussocks, destruction of weeds or after heavy fires and excessive grazing) and on newly formed herbage (on washed out, sandy soils and young fallows). Overseeding is carried out after the next grazing in a regular herbage or on a pre-harrowed turf. A favorable time for overseeding is the beginning of the rainy season.

Overseeding can be carried out randomly (manually, from a plane, with a seeder) and in rows using a disc seeder. Better seed placement and greater rooting of alfalfa are provided with row overseeding, especially with the simultaneous application of phosphorus fertilizers.

For broadcast overseeding, it is advisable to use pelleted seeds. As coating materials, it is better to use enriched superphosphate and phosphate with nitrogen. Coating of seeds ensures their better preservation from diseases and birds, more efficient use of fertilizers, inoculation of seeds with nodule bacteria and allows more even distribution of them over the pasture when oversowing from an aircraft.

The highest productivity is ensured when using clean crops and grass mixtures for grazing and haymaking. In Thailand, in a pasture of Townsville alfalfa and Bermuda grass, alternating a 3-month grazing period with a 3-month haying period produces high forage yields during the rainy season.

The yield of dry matter is 2-8 t/ha and more. It has high seed productivity. On average, 1-0,2 tons of seeds are obtained from 0,4 ha, and high-yielding crops give up to 0,8-1,2 tons.

In some areas of the tropics and subtropics, the trifoliate clitoris (Clitoria ternatea L), Indian sweet clover (Mellilotus indicus All.), hay fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum L.) and a number of other leguminous plants are also used for fodder purposes.

Authors: Baranov V.D., Ustimenko G.V.

Townsville alfalfa (Sundian stylosanthes), Stylosanthes humilis. Recipes for use in traditional medicine and cosmetology

Ethnoscience:

• Treatment of stomach ulcers: for this, it is recommended to use an infusion of the leaves and stems of Townsville alfalfa, adding it to water or other drinks. It helps reduce inflammation in the stomach and speed up the healing of ulcers.
• Lowering blood cholesterol levels: Townsville alfalfa leaves contain phytosterols that help lower blood cholesterol levels. To do this, it is recommended to use an infusion of leaves, adding it to water or other drinks.
• Immunity improvement: Townsville alfalfa contains antioxidants that help improve immunity and protect the body from free radicals. To do this, it is recommended to use an infusion of leaves or add them to salads.
• Arthritis treatment: Townsville alfalfa contains saponins, which help reduce inflammation and joint pain. To do this, it is recommended to use an infusion of leaves, adding it to water or other drinks.
• Treatment of bronchial asthma: Townsville alfalfa contains substances that help improve lung function and reduce asthma symptoms. To do this, it is recommended to use an infusion of leaves, adding it to water or other drinks.

Cosmetology:

• Rejuvenating face mask: Mix a paste of Townsville Alfalfa leaves and stems with a little honey and apply on your face. Leave on for 10-15 minutes, then rinse with water. This mask helps to moisturize and nourish the skin, as well as improve its tone.
• Strengthening hair mask: Mix a paste of Townsville Alfalfa leaves and stems with a little vegetable oil and use as a regular hair mask. This mask helps to strengthen the hair and improve its texture.
• Moisturizing body cream: Mix a paste of Townsville alfalfa leaves and stems with a little cocoa butter and shea butter. Apply to body after shower or bath. This cream helps to moisturize and nourish the skin, leaving it soft and smooth.
• Nourishing Body Scrub: mix a paste of Townsville alfalfa leaves and stems with a little honey and sugar. Massage the skin of the body in circular motions, then rinse with water. This scrub helps to remove dead skin cells and improve circulation.
• Firming Lip Balm: Mix a paste of Townsville Alfalfa leaves and stems with a little honey and apply to lips. This balm helps to hydrate and nourish lips, leaving them soft and smooth.

Attention! Before use, consult with a specialist!

Townsville alfalfa (Sundian stylosanthes), Stylosanthes humilis. Tips for growing, harvesting and storing

Townsville alfalfa (Stylosanthes humilis) is a perennial plant that is used for animal feed. It is a reliable source of protein and nutrients for livestock and other animals.

Tips for growing, harvesting and storing Townsville alfalfa:

Cultivation:

• Townsville alfalfa prefers a sunny location with good soil drainage.
• The soil should be fertile, with good organic content, and should not contain excess nitrogen.
• Townsville alfalfa seeds should be planted at a depth of 1-2 cm and the distance between them should be at least 15 cm.
• Water your plants regularly during dry weather to keep the soil moist.
• Feed your plants regularly with plant fertilizers high in potassium and phosphorus.
• Remove weeds and other plants competing for nutrients.
• Pruning ahead can lead to higher yields.
• Do not graze animals in the area with Townsville alfalfa during flowering.

Workpiece:

• Harvest the plants when they are fully grown.
• After harvesting the plants, thresh the seeds and collect the leaves separately.
• Townsville alfalfa leaves can be dried and used as animal feed.

Storage:

• Dry Townsville alfalfa leaves should be stored in a cool and dry place.
• Seeds should be stored in a cool and dry place until use.

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