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Kenaf (cannabis hibiscus). Legends, myths, symbolism, description, cultivation, methods of application

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Content

1. Photos, basic scientific information, legends, myths, symbolism
2. Genus, family, origin, range, chemical composition, economic importance
3. Botanical description, reference data, useful information, illustrations
4. Recipes for use in traditional medicine and cosmetology
5. Tips for growing, harvesting and storing

Kenaf (cannabis hibiscus), Hibiscus cannabinus. Photos of the plant, basic scientific information, legends, myths, symbolism

Basic scientific information, legends, myths, symbolism

Sort by: Hibiscus

Family: Malvaceae (Malvaceae)

Origin: Africa, India

Area: Kenaf is distributed throughout the world, grown in tropical and subtropical zones.

Chemical composition: Kenaf contains proteins, fats, carbohydrates, calcium, iron, phosphorus, carotene, vitamin C and other B vitamins.

Economic value: The fiber of kenaf stems is used for the production of paper, fabrics, ropes and other materials. In addition, kenaf are used as livestock feed, as well as a source of vegetable oil. In some countries, kenaf has also found use as a medicinal plant.

Legends and myths: In many cultures, kenaf is associated with health and longevity. In Ayurvedic medicine, the plant is used to treat a variety of ailments, including stomach, intestinal, skin, and respiratory problems. In addition, kenaf is associated with prosperity and wealth. In some religious traditions, such as Hinduism, kenaf is considered a sacred plant that symbolizes wealth and prosperity. In India, the kenaf is also used as the official symbol of the Indian jute cloth.

Kenaf (cannabis hibiscus), Hibiscus cannabinus. Description, illustrations of the plant

Kenaf (cannabis hibiscus), Hibiscus cannabinus. Methods of application, origin of the plant, range, botanical description, cultivation

Kenaf ranks second among tropical fiber crops. Its fiber, like jute fiber, is suitable for the manufacture of packaging fabrics and bags, as well as for the production of carpets and tablecloths.

Bonfire (stem wood) of kenaf is used to make paper and cardboard. Kenaf seeds contain technical oil.

Kenaf is grown in Southeast Asia, South and Central America, and in some African countries.

The root system of the kenaf is of the rod type. The bulk of the roots lie at a depth of 45-50 cm (some roots reach a depth of 220 cm).

The height of the axial shoot of kenaf reaches 4-5 m (up to 1,5-2,0 m in early-ripening varieties, up to 4,5 m in late-ripening ones). The thickness of the stem at the base is 0,8-2,5 cm. The highest quality fiber is formed in stems with a diameter of no more than 1,5 cm. The color of the stems is green, purple, red. Green-stemmed forms turn red in the sun, which reduces the quality of the fiber during processing.

Kenaf stems contain 16-20% fiber, including up to 35% primary fiber and 65% secondary fiber. Recycled fiber is softer and more elastic.

Leaves ovate, lanceolate, entire or lobed (up to 7 lobes). The dissection of the leaf characterizes the precocity of kenaf; the less dissection, the more early the forms. The petioles of the leaves are covered with spines.

The kenaf flower is 5-petalled (diameter 7-12 cm), located in the axil of the leaf on a short (5-7 mm) pedicel. The calyx is 5-parted. The color of the corollas is cream, white or pale lilac with a bright cherry red spot at the base. The petals grow together at the base with the staminate column, forming a chamber in which a 5-celled ovary with a thin pistil up to 2,5 cm long is placed. The pistil at the top is divided into 5 filiform stigmas with capitate thickenings. Numerous stamens coalesce into a stamen column.

In culture, varieties viridis are used - leaves are simple and vulgaris - leaves are complex, 3-5-lobed.

Kenaf is a self-pollinator, although cross-pollination occasionally occurs. The formation of seeds occurs 12-15 days, the same is the maturation. The total number of seeds in a box with normal pollination is 25 pieces. The box of kenaf is covered with stiff, fine hairs that cause itching and irritation. Seeds are 3-sided, wedge-shaped, dark gray in color, with a dotted pattern. Weight of 1000 seeds - up to 18-19 g.

Kenaf grows slowly in the first 30 days and reaches a height of 12-15 cm. The fastest growth of plants occurs in the second period, which lasts until the formation of seeds. By the end of this period, the height of the kenaf reaches a maximum - 3,5-4,5 m. Later, growth stops and seeds are formed.

Kenaf is a short day plant. It makes high demands on heat and light. The optimal average daily temperature required for normal growth and development of plants is at least 23-25 ​​°C. During the period of seed ripening, the average daily temperature can drop to 14-16 °C.

Soil temperature when sowing kenaf 7-4 should be at least 15-16 °C. Kenaf does not tolerate frost at all. The sum of effective temperatures required for the full development of kenaf is 2600-3300 °C.

Kenaf is very picky about moisture. During the growing season, it needs at least 600-800 mm of precipitation, or it should be cultivated under irrigation. With a lack of moisture, plants develop faster, but short shoots are formed. At the same time, kenaf reacts negatively to waterlogging of the soil caused by the close occurrence of groundwater.

The best soils for growing kenaf are medium and light loams, non-saline, with a solid residue content of not more than 0,3%; on soils with increased salinity, the survival of plants sharply decreases, the yield decreases by 30% or more, and the strength of the fiber deteriorates.

The best predecessors of kenaf are alfalfa, leguminous crops.

Kenaf consumes a large amount of nutrients, especially when forming a vegetative mass. So, with a stem yield of 10,0 t/ha, nitrogen removal is 120-150 kg/ha, phosphorus - 60-80 kg/ha and potassium - up to 120-160 kg/ha.

Nitrogen is consumed by kenaf mainly in the first period of growth - before the start of mass flowering. With a lack of phosphorus, plant growth is inhibited. External signs of phosphorus starvation are redness of the stem and purple color of the edges of the leaf blade. Kenaf is especially sensitive to a lack of potassium in the soil. With potassium starvation, plants acquire an ugly shape, and the quality of the fiber deteriorates.

Plowing is carried out with plows with skimmers at a depth of up to 30-32 cm. Before plowing, 15-20 t/ha of manure is applied. Sometimes a fire is used (waste from green processing of kenaf), which is composted and applied to the soil the next year (up to 30-40 t/ha). In addition to organic fertilizers, before the main tillage, up to 50-60% of the norm of phosphorus and potash fertilizers are applied.

Clean and loose soils are harrowed before sowing. When cultivating after alfalfa, the field is disked or plowed.

For sowing, high quality seeds are needed. Seeds should be I-III classes (laboratory germination 80-90% and purity up to 95-96%).

Preparation of seeds for sowing consists in air-thermal heating for 5-7 days and dressing with tetramethylthiuram disulfide at the rate of 12 kgt of seeds.

Sowing of kenaf is carried out when the soil is warmed up at the depth of the seeds to 16 ° C. The sowing method is wide-row, the distance between rows is up to 45-60 cm in 1-line crops, and in 2-line crops - between lines is 10-12 cm, and between rows is 48-50 cm. Solid crops are sometimes practiced. The depth of seed placement should not exceed 3-4 cm. It is advisable to apply nitrogen-phosphorus fertilizers at the rate of up to 25 kg of nitrogen and phosphorus at the same time as sowing.

The optimal seeding rate for 1-line sowing is 25-30 kg/ha, for 2-line sowing - 35-40 kg/ha.

The main tasks for caring for kenaf plants are to ensure the cleanliness of crops, maintaining sufficient moisture and looseness of the soil (especially during the initial growing season). The formation of a crust after rainfall leads to the formation of root rot, and therefore, at the beginning of plant development, it is necessary to ensure a loose soil condition.

The use of scientifically based doses of fertilizers for kenaf is extremely important for obtaining high quality fiber. The optimal doses of nutrients for obtaining high yields are nitrogen - 210 kg/ha, phosphorus - 150 kg/ha and potassium 120 kg/ha.

The use of potash fertilizers contributes to the formation of more high-quality recycled fiber. Up to 50% of the planned dose of fertilizers is applied during the main tillage, the rest - during sowing and 2 top dressings. Nitrogen and phosphorus are added to the first top dressing, nitrogen and potassium are added to the second. The first dressing is carried out 25-30 days after germination, the second - 25-30 days after the first.

In the conditions of the arid zone, with a lack of moisture, kenaf requires irrigation. The total amount of irrigation water, depending on specific hydrological and soil conditions, varies from 3000 to 7000 megs. Irrigation should be at least 5-8, and for better separation of the bast from the wood, they are completed 6-8 days before harvesting green (for fiber) kenaf.

During the growing season of kenaf, 2-3 cultivations are carried out per fiber, starting from the appearance of full shoots to the closing of row spacings. Cultivation is timed for fertilizing or watering. The depth of the treatments at the beginning of the growing season should be 5-7 cm, subsequently it is increased to 10-12 and 12-14 cm.

Kenaf harvesting begins when 50% of the plants reach technical maturity, which occurs with the appearance of a lanceolate leaf at the top of the stem (the top of the leaf becomes flexible, not breaking). The yield of kenaf fiber in the world is about 1-1,5 t/ha (under optimal conditions - up to 2 t/ha).

The cut kenaf is immediately processed into a bast on a bast stripper and spread on the stubble to dry for 3-4 days until a moisture content of 12-14% is reached. Dried bast is tied into bales (up to 10-12 kg).

Authors: Baranov V.D., Ustimenko G.V.

Kenaf (cannabis hibiscus), Hibiscus cannabinus. Recipes for use in traditional medicine and cosmetology

Ethnoscience:

• For the treatment of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract: Pour 1 tablespoon of roots with 500 ml of water and simmer for 10 minutes over low heat. Then insist 2 hours, strain and take 1/3 cup 3 times a day before meals.
• To strengthen immunity: 1 tablespoon of flowers pour 250 ml of boiling water and leave for 30 minutes. Take 1/2 cup 2 times a day.

Cosmetology:

• Hair Mask: Mix 2 tablespoons ground kenaf seeds with 1/2 cup hot water. Let it steep for 10-15 minutes, then add 1 tablespoon of castor oil and 1 egg. Apply the mask to your hair and leave for 30 minutes, then rinse with water.
• Body Scrub: mix 1 tablespoon ground kenaf seeds, 1 tablespoon honey and 1 tablespoon olive oil. Apply the scrub to the body and massage in circular motions, then rinse with water.
• Face cream: Combine 1 tablespoon ground kenaf seeds, 1 tablespoon shea butter and 1 tablespoon coconut oil. Heat the mixture in a water bath until it becomes smooth. Add a few drops of rosemary essential oil and stir. Apply the cream on your face before going to bed and leave overnight.
• Mask for the face: mix 2 tablespoons ground kenaf seeds with 1 tablespoon honey and 1 tablespoon yogurt. Apply the mask on your face and leave for 20 minutes, then rinse with water.
• Hand cream: Mix 1 tablespoon ground kenaf seeds with 1 tablespoon avocado oil and 1 tablespoon jojoba oil. Heat the mixture in a water bath until it becomes smooth. Add a few drops of lavender essential oil and stir. Apply the cream on your hands and massage until completely absorbed.

Attention! Before use, consult with a specialist!

Kenaf (cannabis hibiscus), Hibiscus cannabinus. Tips for growing, harvesting and storing

Kenaf, or hemp hibiscus (Hibiscus cannabinus) is an annual plant that can reach a height of up to 4-5 meters. The leaves and stems of kenaf are used in the textile industry as well as in cooking.

Tips for growing, harvesting and storing kenaf:

Cultivation:

• Kenaf prefers a warm and humid climate. It is best grown in regions with temperatures between 20 and 30°C.
• It also needs well-drained soil, which should be reasonably fertile and rich in organic matter.
• Kenaf needs regular watering, especially during growth and flowering. But do not overwater the soil, this can lead to root rot.
• In order for kenaf to grow well and bear fruit, it must be fed with fertilizers throughout the entire growing season.
• Kenaf can grow up to 4-5 meters in height, so be sure to give him enough space.

Workpiece:

• Leaves and stems of kenaf can be used in cooking. Leaves from young plants can be added to salads and vegetable dishes, while older plants can be used to make soups and stews.
• Harvest kenaf leaves and stems when they reach maturity. They should be green and tender to the touch.
• Clean the leaves and stems of dirt and earth, then cut them into pieces. Then you can cook dishes from them.

Storage:

• Fresh kenaf leaves and stems keep in the refrigerator for several days.
• Kenaf can also be frozen or dried for later use.

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