Field salad (rapunzel, valerianella, valerian). Legends, myths, symbolism, description, cultivation, methods of application

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Field salad (rapunzel, valerianella, valerian). Legends, myths, symbolism, description, cultivation, methods of application

cultivated and wild plants. Legends, myths, symbolism, description, cultivation, methods of application

Directory / Cultivated and wild plants

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Content

Photos, basic scientific information, legends, myths, symbolism
Basic scientific information, legends, myths, symbolism
Botanical description, reference data, useful information, illustrations
Recipes for use in traditional medicine and cosmetology
Tips for growing, harvesting and storing

Field salad (rapunzel, valerianella, valerian), Valerianella. Photos of the plant, basic scientific information, legends, myths, symbolism

Field salad (rapunzel, valerianella, valerian)

Basic scientific information, legends, myths, symbolism

Sort by: Valerianella (Valerianella)

Family: Caprifoliaceae (Honeysuckle)

Origin: Europe and North Africa

Area: Field lettuce is widespread in temperate climates around the world.

Chemical composition: Field lettuce is rich in sources of vitamins A, C and K, folic acid, iron and calcium

Economic value: Field lettuce is used as a salad and culinary ingredient. The plant is also used in medicine to treat certain diseases.

Legends, myths, symbolism: In Chinese medicine, lettuce (valerianella) is considered a medicinal plant and is used to treat diseases of the liver, spleen, kidneys and stomach. In medieval Europe, lettuce was associated with magic and sorcery, and its roots were used in witchcraft. In Germanic mythology, lettuce was associated with a maiden who was locked in a tower and rescued by a prince. In Mexican culture, valerianella has its own holiday, Día de la Valerianella, which is celebrated every year on the first Saturday of March in the city of Mexico City.

Field salad (rapunzel, valerianella, valerian), Valerianella. Description, illustrations of the plant

Field salad (rapunzel, valerianella, valerian), Valerianella. Classification, synonyms, botanical description, nutritional value, cultivation

Field salad (rapunzel, valerianella, valerian)

Names: German Feldsalat, Ackersalat, Ackerlattich, Feldkropf, Rapunzel, Rapiinzchen; Goal. veldsalad, veldsla; dates kropsalat; Swede, vanlig Akersallat; English cornsalad, lambs lettuce; fr. mache commune; it. Valerian; Spanish carronigo; port, alface de Cordeiro; rum. salata de camp; veins. mezei, salata, madarsalata, vad salata, galamb-begy; Slovenian motavilec; Serb, motovilac; Czech salat polnicek; Polish roszponka wazywna, salata polna.

Three species are cultivated under the names "field lettuce" and "rapunzel": Valerianella olitoria Poll. (V. locusta, V. olitcria L., Fedia olilora Vahl.), V. dentata Poll., V. eriocarpa Desvaux.

An annual, sometimes biennial plant, 10-20 cm high.

The leaves are oblong-spatulate, basal form a rosette.

The stem is forked; flowers are bluish-white.

The fruits are round-ovate, 2 mm long, 1,75 mm wide and 1 mm thick. Seeds are yellowish, on the wide side there are three stripes. The weight of 1000 pieces is 0,8-2,0 g. Seeds remain viable for 3-4 years, but fresh ones germinate poorly.

There are several varieties of field lettuce; German common (small-leaved), Dark green (forms like small heads of cabbage), Dutch broad-leaved, Spoon-leaved (very productive). All these varieties belong to the species V. olitoria Poll.

The species V. eriocarpa Desvaux, which differs from the previous one in longer pubescent fruits that have a semblance of a crown at one end, as well as yellowish-green leaves, includes the Yellow-green and Italian varieties. The third species (V. dentata Poll.) has no varieties.

Biologically, all three types of field lettuce are similar to each other: they grow well in cool weather and do not tolerate heat well.

According to V. Dalen, in the air-dry state, field lettuce contains: water - 93,41%, crude protein - 2,09%, fat - 0,41%, nitrogen-free extractive substances - 2,73%, fiber - 0,75 %, ash -0,79%.

Field lettuce is sown directly in open ground, usually in an ordinary way. The distance between the rows should be 40 - 50 cm. It can also be sown in a band way with a distance between lines of 25 cm, and between bands - 40-50 cm. Seeding rate - 6-10 kg / ha. I. Becker-Dillingen recommends fertilizing field lettuce with manure (20 t/ha) and mineral fertilizers (2 quintals of nitrogen and 3 quintals of phosphorus and potash).

You can sow at different times. The best results are obtained with an earlier sowing date (it grows slowly in the heat). With winter or autumn crops, they must be covered for the winter with straw or humus.

Field lettuce is most often consumed in green form (eaten raw, rarely boiled). Sometimes the leaves are bleached (spud or covered with straw). In European countries and the United States, field lettuce is much more common.

Pallier and Bois ("Potager dun curieux") indicate that in Mexico the tubers of Phyllactis pratensis Bentham et Hooker are eaten. True, they are eaten only in hungry times (because of the unpleasant smell).

In North America (also during the famine), the Indians use the roots of Valeriana edulis Nuttall (among the Indians, this plant is called kooyan, in American - tobacco-root, which means "tobacco root"). The fresh roots of this plant smell disgusting, but after cooking they are quite edible, in addition, they replace chewing tobacco.

In Algeria, young rosette leaves of an annual plant, Fedia Cornucopiae Gaertner, are used as lettuce.

Originating in Spain, Centranthus macrosiphon Boissier is used in the same way as field lettuce. In the Caucasus, C. longifolius Stev is eaten.

Author: Ipatiev A.N.

Field salad (rapunzel, valerianella, valerian), Valerianella. Recipes for use in traditional medicine and cosmetology

cultivated and wild plants. Legends, myths, symbolism, description, cultivation, methods of application

Ethnoscience:

Eye Improver: Field lettuce contains vitamin A, which can help improve eyesight. To prepare the remedy, pour 1 tablespoon of fresh chopped field lettuce with 1 cup of boiling water. Infuse for 10-15 minutes, then drink the resulting infusion several times a day.
Immune booster: Field lettuce contains vitamin C, which helps to strengthen the immune system. To prepare the remedy, pour 2 tablespoons of fresh chopped field lettuce with 1 cup of boiling water. Infuse for 10-15 minutes, then drink the resulting infusion several times a day.
Remedy for the treatment of skin diseases: Field lettuce can help treat skin conditions such as eczema and dermatitis. To prepare the remedy, cut a few fresh lettuce leaves and apply them to the affected skin. Leave on for 10-15 minutes, then rinse with water. This remedy will help relieve inflammation and itching.
Digestion aid: Field lettuce contains a lot of fiber, which helps improve digestion. To prepare the remedy, pour 2 tablespoons of fresh chopped field lettuce with 1 cup of boiling water. Infuse for 10-15 minutes, then drink the resulting infusion before eating.

Cosmetology:

Moisturizing face mask: chop a few fresh lettuce leaves and mix them with 1 tablespoon of honey. Apply the resulting mixture on your face and leave for 15-20 minutes, then rinse with water. This mask will help moisturize and nourish the skin.
Refreshing facial toner: pour 2 tablespoons of fresh chopped field lettuce with 1 cup of boiling water. Steep for 10-15 minutes, then strain and use as a facial tonic. This toner will help hydrate and refresh your skin.
Remedy for reducing puffiness under the eyes: Field lettuce can help reduce puffiness and dark circles under the eyes. To prepare the remedy, cut a few fresh lettuce leaves and apply them to the area under the eyes. Leave on for 10-15 minutes, then remove. This remedy will help reduce swelling and improve complexion.
Hair strengthener: Field lettuce contains many nutrients that can help strengthen hair and make it healthier. To prepare the remedy, chop a few fresh lettuce leaves and add them to your shampoo or conditioner. Massage your hair with gentle movements, then rinse with water. This tool will help strengthen the hair and make it more shiny.

Attention! Before use, consult with a specialist!

Field salad (rapunzel, valerianella, valerian), Valerianella. Tips for growing, harvesting and storing

cultivated and wild plants. Legends, myths, symbolism, description, cultivation, methods of application

Field lettuce, also known as rapunzel, valerianella or valerian, Valerianella, is a type of lettuce that is used to make salads and other dishes.

Tips for growing, harvesting and storing field lettuce:

Cultivation:

Lettuce is best grown in a cool, moist location with fertile, well-drained soil.
The plant needs regular watering and loosening the soil.
Seeds can be sown outdoors in spring or autumn, with a distance between plants of about 10-15 cm.
Field lettuce can grow in partial shade, but the best crop will be in the sun.
Field lettuce can be grown throughout the season, if you constantly remove the flower stalks.

Workpiece:

Lettuce leaves can be used in cooking for salads, appetizers, soups and other dishes.
Leaves should be washed thoroughly before use.
Leaves can be harvested when they reach a length of about 10 cm.

Storage:

Lettuce is best eaten fresh.
If you still want to save the leaves, you can freeze them for later use.
Lettuce is best stored in the refrigerator in bags or containers for several days.

Field lettuce contains many beneficial vitamins and minerals such as vitamin C, iron and calcium.

To reduce the bitterness in the salad, you can soak it in cold water for 30-60 minutes before using.

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