Free technical library

Black poplar (black poplar). Legends, myths, symbolism, description, cultivation, methods of application

Directory / Cultivated and wild plants

 Comments on the article

Content

1. Photos, basic scientific information, legends, myths, symbolism
2. Basic scientific information, legends, myths, symbolism
3. Botanical description, reference data, useful information, illustrations
4. Recipes for use in traditional medicine and cosmetology
5. Tips for growing, harvesting and storing

Black poplar (black poplar), Populus nigra. Photos of the plant, basic scientific information, legends, myths, symbolism

Basic scientific information, legends, myths, symbolism

Sort by: Poplar (Populus)

Family: Willow (Salicaceae)

Origin: Europe and Western Asia.

Area: Black poplar is common in Europe and Asia. Found along the banks of rivers, lakes and wetlands.

Chemical composition: Black poplar bark and buds contain flavonoids (cavertcetin, quercitrin, kaempferol), catechins, gallic acids and salicylic glycosides. The leaves contain essential oils, tannins and flavonoids.

Economic value: The black poplar tree is used in the timber industry for the production of plywood, paper, matches, and other products. It is also used for the production of musical instruments and handicrafts. Black poplar has melliferous qualities, and its bark and leaves are used in herbal medicine as an anti-inflammatory, antipyretic and antibacterial agent.

Legends, myths, symbolism: In one of the legends associated with black poplar, it is said that this tree was planted by Apollo, the god of music and poetry. According to this legend, black poplar was the first tree on which Apollo played his lyre, and this tree became his favorite. Another legend says that black poplar was the tree on which Queen Dido was executed. The black poplar also has a symbolic meaning. In ancient times it was associated with music, poetry and singing. In medieval Europe, black poplar was a symbol of youth and vitality, and was also considered a symbol of freedom. In Chinese culture, black poplar is associated with courage, confidence and determination. In general, black poplar symbolizes music, poetry, freedom, youth and vitality, and is also associated with courage, confidence and determination.

Black poplar (black poplar), Populus nigra. Description, illustrations of the plant

Black poplar (black poplar), Populus nigra. Botanical description of the plant, areas of growth and ecology, economic importance, applications

A species from the genus Poplar of the Willow family. Honey, tannic, essential oil, dye, medicinal, woody, ornamental plant, cultivated in landscaping.

Black poplar is a tree of the first magnitude, reaching 30-35 m in height and 1-2 m in trunk diameter.

The root system is well branched. It includes superficial and obliquely spreading roots, from which anchor roots deeply penetrating the soil depart. When the lowermost part of the trunk is covered with sand and silt, adventitious roots form, forming a more or less pronounced second tier. A powerful root system ensures good growth of the entire mass of the tree and at the same time gives it high resistance during the flow of flood waters and ice movement, as well as strong gusts of wind. Windfall is not typical for black poplar. It has a great ability to form stumps.

The trunk is single or flared, more or less straight, slightly oval, in natural clones with curvature. The type of branching is monopodial. In middle-aged and old trees, the bark in the lower part of the trunk is thick - 4-6 cm, dark gray, cracking, higher along the trunk - light gray without cracks. The ridges of the crust are interrupted.

The crown is often broad or ovoid, with thick branches, especially in the lower part of the trunk. Annual shoots are bare, cylindrical, yellowish-gray, shiny with whitish lenticels. Overgrown - grayish-green.

The kidneys are multi-integumentary, the renal scales are free. Terminal (apical) buds 7-10 (15) mm long, elongate-oval, spiky, brown, shiny, covered with a resinous coating, sticky and fragrant when blooming. The lateral buds are smaller, more or less appressed, the lower ones often with a bent top.

The leaves are simple, petiolate, entire, alternately arranged, falling annually. Leaf blades glabrous, 4-11 cm long, 3-9 cm wide, rhomboid or oval-triangular, green above, paler below, with a retracted apex, rarely with a short point, broadly lanceolate or straight-cut at the base. The greatest width of the plate is close to its base. The ratio of the length of the leaf blade to its width is on average 1,34. The edge of the leaf blade, with the exception of the base and the retracted apex, is serrate (finely serrated, coarsely serrated, unequally serrated), sometimes acute-serrated, with glandular teeth. Petioles glabrous, laterally flattened, shorter than leaf blade, without glandules at base of blades. Leaf scars are heart-shaped. The leaf venation is pinnate. The leaf trace is three-tufted. The epidermis is single layered. The stomata are located on both sides of the leaf blade, but are more numerous on the underside. The average length of guard cells is about 30 μm. One guard cell contains 7-10 (12) chloroplasts. The size and shape of the leaves vary greatly on the elongated shoots of young trees and on fast-growing root offspring.

Black poplar is a dioecious plant. It blooms in late April - early May, almost simultaneously with the blooming of the leaves. Pollination method - anemophilic (wind pollination). Inflorescences unisexual, many-flowered, drooping catkins.

Male catkins 6-9 cm long. Bracts brown, usually glabrous, 3-5 mm long, deeply incised, fringed. On a pale green oval-oblong disc (torus) 8-30 (45) stamens with bright purple anthers. The diameter of colored (swollen) pollen grains is ~28 µm.

Female catkins 5-6 cm long with 30-40 flowers sitting on short pedicels. The ovary is up to half or up to 2/3 enclosed in a perianth. After fertilization of the flowers, the catkins increase to 8-11 cm. Under laboratory conditions, at an air temperature of 18-22 ° C, the seeds ripen 28-30 days after the pollination of the flowers, under natural conditions this period is much longer.

The fruit is a single-celled multi-seeded dry bivalve capsule 5-7 mm long, 3-5 mm thick, containing 10-12 seeds 2-2,5 mm long. Seeds are equipped with a bundle of silky hairs that facilitate their transfer by the wind. It reproduces well by seeds, which, thanks to their long hairs, spread very far. In suitable conditions, it gives dense seedlings (up to 500 thousand pieces per 1 ha). It also reproduces vegetatively, by root offspring; one tree can produce up to 200 offspring. Grows very fast.

Diploid number of chromosomes 2n = 38.

Eurasian look. The general range of black poplar is extensive: Europe, Siberia (to Baikal), Central and Asia Minor, East Kazakhstan, Western China, Iran, North Africa. Cultural forms are widespread in the countries of the temperate zone.

Black poplar buds contain resin, essential oil (up to 0,5%), phenol glycosides salicin and populin, tannins, flavonoids, malic and gallic acids, ascorbic acid, leucoanthocyanins and fatty oil.

The bark of the tree contains alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, higher hydrocarbons.

Terpenes, alkaloids, carotenoids, phenolcarboxylic acids and tannins were found in the leaves of the plant.

Black poplar buds are very rich in biologically active substances that have bactericidal, anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, diuretic, analgesic and antiseptic properties. The antiseptic effect of the kidneys is due to the presence of populin glucoside, which, when preparing preparations, is hydrolyzed to benzoic acid, which is a strong antiseptic. It has been experimentally established that ingestion of populin and especially salicin, obtained from sorrel, sharply increases the excretion of uric acid in the urine. In addition, the kidneys have an antiseptic effect on the bronchial mucosa and thin the sputum in chronic bronchitis with purulent secretion.

Due to a wide spectrum of action, poplar buds are used to treat acute inflammatory processes of the respiratory tract and chronic bronchitis with purulent sputum. In the XNUMXth century, a liquid extract was obtained from the buds and leaves of black poplar, which was consumed with excessive sexual arousal, especially with spermatorrhea. In folk medicine in many countries, preparations from poplar buds are most often used for diseases of the genitourinary organs, cystitis, urinary incontinence, painful urination (especially after surgery), kidney disease, spermatorrhea, prostatic hypertrophy, prostatitis and as an aphrodisiac remedy.

In cervical cystitis (inflammation of the prostatic urethra), chronic urethritis, stricture of the posterior urethra, colliculitis, along with the ingestion of poplar preparations, it is recommended to install the urethra or bladder with an oil extract of poplar buds. In addition, preparations from poplar buds are used for neuroses, various types of neuralgia, arthritis, hemorrhoids, intestinal atony, diarrhea, colds, flu, and also as a means of regulating menstruation.

In folk medicine, tincture and kidney extract are recommended to be taken orally for malignant tumors (along with other plants), tuberculosis, rheumatism, gout, scurvy, sciatica, intermittent fever, cystitis and other diseases of the bladder. It is also used for spermatorrhea, dysmenorrhea, diarrhea, colds and as a hemostatic, sedative, expectorant. A resinous balsam is extracted from the kidneys, and "poplar ointment" (Populi unguentum, formerly called Unguentum Populi) is prepared from the extracts for external use.

"Poplar ointment" is used as a disinfectant, antipyretic, distracting, emollient for gout, rheumatism, joint disease, trichomonas colpitis, staphylococcal and fungal skin diseases, boils, wounds, burns, ulcers, hemorrhoids, cracked nipples, alopecia. "Poplar ointment" from fresh kidneys is used in German medicine as a remedy for the treatment of hemorrhoids and burns. Volatile fractions of phytoncides from the kidneys have protistocidal properties, and a water-alcohol tincture has antiamebic activity. Juice from the buds and from young and mature leaves and their acetone and ether extracts, as well as dry buds, heated in a water bath to 100 ° C for 1 hour, have antibiotic and protistocidal properties.

Dosage forms from black poplar buds are used to strengthen hair, stimulate their growth, and also to treat dry seborrhea.

Black poplar buds are part of the dietary supplement, designed to facilitate smoking cessation "Smoke Stopper".

Poplar seeds ("poplar fluff") can be used as a dressing that replaces cotton wool.

The essential oil from the kidneys (yield up to 0,7%) is used in the perfume industry, in particular, for soap fragrance and as a fixative. Poplar buds are part of the Riga balsam.

Black poplar leaves are suitable for tanning leather, making yellow dye for fabrics. The bark contains up to 8,5% tannins and the dye chrysin; it can be used for tanning and dyeing leather. From the bark of thick trunks make floats for fishing tackle.

In pond fish farming, dried and well-ground annual shoots of black poplar, mixed with other feeds, are used to feed fish. The dried branches contain (in%): crude protein - 18, crude fat - 3,2, nitrogen-free extractives - 47,6, crude fiber 23,6, ash - 6,9.

Poplar leaves are satisfactorily eaten by cattle; beaver eats bark, buds, leaves.

In beekeeping, the sedge is important as a pergonos, which supplies bees with pollen, as well as glue. The bees collect on the leaves and buds of the poplar (as well as on the leaves of other resin-producing plants) a sticky substance, which they convert into propolis, which is now increasingly recognized as a valuable drug.

Seed hairs are suitable as one of the components in the manufacture of felt and for papermaking.

Apple and pear fruits treated with phytoncides from black poplar leaves are more resistant to diseases, both during the growing season and during storage.

Black poplar has a number of economically valuable biological properties, which leads to its widespread use in construction and industry, in landscaping settlements, forestry, protective afforestation, reclamation of disturbed landscapes, melioration for fixing banks, slopes, ravines, as well as for medical purposes.

In forestry, black poplar is used to obtain cheap timber. By the age of twenty, per 1 ha of poplars can give such an increase in wood that oak and pine plantations give only by the age of one hundred.

Black poplar is one of the most common types of woody plants used in landscaping settlements and reclamation. This is due to the fact that it is very winter-hardy, grows rapidly, is ecologically plastic, and exhibits rather high dust, smoke and gas resistance in urban conditions. One tree emits as much oxygen as 7 firs, 4 pines or 3 lindens; during the growing season, one poplar frees the atmosphere from 20-30 kg of dust or soot.

Black poplar (black poplar), Populus nigra. Recipes for use in traditional medicine and cosmetology

Ethnoscience:

• Treatment for colds and flu: prepare an infusion of black poplar buds. To do this, pour 1 tablespoon of crushed kidneys into boiling water (200 ml) and leave for 15 minutes. Take 1 tablespoon of infusion 3 times a day.
• Treatment of arthritis and rheumatism: prepare oil from black poplar buds. To do this, pour 100 ml of olive oil into a glass jar and add 50 grams of crushed black poplar buds. Close the jar and leave in the sun for 2 weeks, shaking occasionally. After that, strain the oil and use it to massage the affected joints.
• Treatment of skin diseases: prepare a decoction of black poplar bark. To do this, pour 1 tablespoon of chopped bark into boiling water (200 ml) and simmer for 15 minutes. Take 1 tablespoon of decoction 3 times a day.
• Relieve fatigue and stress: prepare tea from black poplar leaves. To do this, pour 1 tablespoon of crushed leaves into boiling water (200 ml) and leave for 10 minutes. Take tea before bed to relieve fatigue and tension.

Cosmetology:

• Moisturizing tonic: prepare an infusion of black poplar buds, add some rose water and store in the refrigerator. Use a toner after washing your face to hydrate and refresh your skin.
• Mask for the face: mix crushed black poplar buds with honey and a little olive oil. Apply the mask on your face and leave for 10-15 minutes, then rinse with warm water.
• Wrinkle Remedy: prepare black poplar bud oil (see above). Apply oil to the skin in the area of ​​wrinkles and massage daily.
• Hair Care Product: prepare an infusion of black poplar bark, add a little apple cider vinegar and store in the refrigerator. Use the infusion as a hair conditioner to make your hair softer and shinier.

Attention! Before use, consult with a specialist!

Black poplar (black poplar), Populus nigra. Tips for growing, harvesting and storing

Black poplar or black poplar (Populus nigra) is a fast-growing tree that can reach a height of up to 30 meters.

Tips for growing, harvesting and storing black poplar:

Cultivation:

• Black poplar prefers fertile, well-drained and moist soils.
• Propagation of black poplar can be done through seeds or cuttings, but cuttings are the best way.
• Planting cuttings is done in the spring, when the soil is warm enough.
• For better growth and development of black poplar, it is necessary to provide it with a sufficient amount of light and water.

Workpiece:

• Black poplar wood has a bright yellow tint, is easy to process and has good mechanical properties.
• Black poplar wood is used for the production of furniture, plywood, laminated wood, paper and other products.
• Black poplar wood is also used to make firewood and charcoal.

Storage:

• Black poplar wood should be stored in a dry and sun-protected place.
• Wood must be stored in a horizontal position to avoid warping.

Black poplar, or black poplar, is a fast-growing tree that has good mechanical properties. It can be used to create furniture, plywood, laminated wood, paper and other products.

We recommend interesting articles Section Cultivated and wild plants:

▪ Cultural peanut (peanut)

▪ Reindeer moss

▪ Maranta (West Indian arrowroot)

▪ Play the game "Guess the plant from the picture"

See other articles Section Cultivated and wild plants.

Read and write useful comments on this article.

<< Back

Latest news of science and technology, new electronics:

Energy from space for Starship 08.05.2024

Producing solar energy in space is becoming more feasible with the advent of new technologies and the development of space programs. The head of the startup Virtus Solis shared his vision of using SpaceX's Starship to create orbital power plants capable of powering the Earth. Startup Virtus Solis has unveiled an ambitious project to create orbital power plants using SpaceX's Starship. This idea could significantly change the field of solar energy production, making it more accessible and cheaper. The core of the startup's plan is to reduce the cost of launching satellites into space using Starship. This technological breakthrough is expected to make solar energy production in space more competitive with traditional energy sources. Virtual Solis plans to build large photovoltaic panels in orbit, using Starship to deliver the necessary equipment. However, one of the key challenges ... >>

New method for creating powerful batteries 08.05.2024

With the development of technology and the expanding use of electronics, the issue of creating efficient and safe energy sources is becoming increasingly urgent. Researchers at the University of Queensland have unveiled a new approach to creating high-power zinc-based batteries that could change the landscape of the energy industry. One of the main problems with traditional water-based rechargeable batteries was their low voltage, which limited their use in modern devices. But thanks to a new method developed by scientists, this drawback has been successfully overcome. As part of their research, scientists turned to a special organic compound - catechol. It turned out to be an important component that can improve battery stability and increase its efficiency. This approach has led to a significant increase in the voltage of zinc-ion batteries, making them more competitive. According to scientists, such batteries have several advantages. They have b ... >>

Alcohol content of warm beer 07.05.2024

Beer, as one of the most common alcoholic drinks, has its own unique taste, which can change depending on the temperature of consumption. A new study by an international team of scientists has found that beer temperature has a significant impact on the perception of alcoholic taste. The study, led by materials scientist Lei Jiang, found that at different temperatures, ethanol and water molecules form different types of clusters, which affects the perception of alcoholic taste. At low temperatures, more pyramid-like clusters form, which reduces the pungency of the "ethanol" taste and makes the drink taste less alcoholic. On the contrary, as the temperature increases, the clusters become more chain-like, resulting in a more pronounced alcoholic taste. This explains why the taste of some alcoholic drinks, such as baijiu, can change depending on temperature. The data obtained opens up new prospects for beverage manufacturers, ... >>

Random news from the Archive Keychain activates the immune system 14.07.2012 In search of a flu vaccine, researchers at San Diego State University and the University of Nebraska have created an artificial protein that activates the body's immune system just two hours after injection. Initially, scientists thought that the EP67 protein would be an adjunct to allowing the vaccine to boost the immune response. Then it turned out that he could work independently, and in some respects better than the vaccine itself. "The flu virus is very insidious," says Joy Phillips of San Diego, who, along with colleague Sam Sanderson, published the results of the study in the public scientific library journal PLoS ONE. "It hides from the immune system skillfully for several days until symptoms of the disease appear. Our research has shown that injecting EP67 into the body within 24 hours of infection activates the immune response to a threat almost instantly, before you feel sick." The peculiarity of the EP67 protein is that it is not designed for any particular strain of the influenza virus, but simply activates the immune system. According to Phillips, the protein could have dealt with both SARS and the 1 H1N2009 virus epidemic. In her opinion, he is able to defeat a respiratory disease or a fungal infection, the main thing is to feel the threat in time and introduce protein into the body. So far, EP67 has only been tested on mice infected with the common flu. Animals that were injected in the first 24 hours after infection, in contrast to the control group, had the flu in a very weak form. The degree of mouse disease is determined by weight loss. Usually, having caught the flu, the mouse loses about 20% of its body weight - and this is exactly how the representatives of the control group "behaved". In turn, after the injection of EP67, the animals "lost" only 6%. In addition, it is very important that mice that received a lethal dose of the virus and then EP67 did not die.

Other interesting news:

▪ Art originated in Africa

▪ Optical zoom smartphones without increasing their size

▪ Network BLE coprocessor

▪ Hard drive with data recovery services

▪ Production of lithium-ion batteries will grow by 390%

News feed of science and technology, new electronics

Interesting materials of the Free Technical Library:

▪ section of the site Biographies of great scientists. Article selection

▪ article Let's continue our games. Popular expression

▪ article Why are the inhabitants of the city of Torzhok called Novotors? Detailed answer

▪ article Batteries, dryfit technology. Directory

▪ article Sound audio complex. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

▪ article Three variants of self-made Anti-AON. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

Leave your comment on this article:

All languages ​​of this page

Arabic	Hebrew	Polish
Bengali	Hindi	Portuguese
Chinese	Italian	Spanish
English	Japanese	Turkish
French	Korean	Ukrainian
German	Malay	Vietnamese

Home page | Library | Articles | Website map | Site Reviews

www.diagram.com.ua
2000-2024