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The euonymus is warty. Legends, myths, symbolism, description, cultivation, methods of application

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Content

1. Photos, basic scientific information, legends, myths, symbolism
2. Basic scientific information, legends, myths, symbolism
3. Botanical description, reference data, useful information, illustrations
4. Recipes for use in traditional medicine and cosmetology
5. Tips for growing, harvesting and storing

Warty spindle tree, Euonymus verrucosa. Photos of the plant, basic scientific information, legends, myths, symbolism

Basic scientific information, legends, myths, symbolism

Sort by: Euonymus (Euonymus)

Family: Honeysuckle (Celastraceae)

Origin: The warty euonymus comes from Southeastern Europe and Western Asia.

Area: The warty euonymus grows in Europe, the Balkans, the Caucasus and Central Asia.

Chemical composition: The warty euonymus contains many alkaloids, coumarins, flavonoids, carotenes, tannins, glycosides and other biologically active substances. The bark of the plant contains glycerides, and the leaves contain alkaloids and bitterness.

Economic value: The warty euonymus is grown to decorate gardens and parks due to its decorative effect. Also in folk medicine, it is used as an anti-inflammatory and choleretic agent. Some types of euonymus are used in pharmacology as a source of biologically active substances. However, it should be remembered that the plant is poisonous and can cause poisoning if consumed in large quantities.

Legends, myths, symbolism: In mythology, the spindle tree was associated with magic and was used in various rituals and spells. In Celtic culture, the euonymus was a sacred plant and was considered a symbol of wisdom and protection. In Greek mythology, the spindle tree was associated with the goddess of magic and sorcery, Circe. In the culture of some nations, the euonymus is associated with positive qualities such as wisdom, protection and strength. In Chinese culture, the euonymus symbolizes longevity and health, and is used as an ornamental plant during festivals and weddings.

Warty spindle tree, Euonymus verrucosa. Description, illustrations of the plant

Warty spindle tree, Euonymus verrucosa

Family Bereskletovye, class Dicotyledonous, department Angiosperms.

Euonymus - low, about 2 m, shrub, grows in the undergrowth. It can always be recognized both in summer and in winter by the many small tubercles that, like warts, cover the bark of the shoots.

The leaves are oval, serrated along the edges, like a file, with an elongated tip; on the branches are arranged oppositely. Blooms in May - June. The flowers are reddish-brown, regular, with one pistil, the remaining elements of the flower are 4 each. The fruit is a box from which black seeds protrude with red seedlings.

Euonymus at the end of summer and autumn looks very picturesque: among the crimson-red leaves on thin peduncles, threads, fruits hang like bright motley earrings.

Each part of the fruit is colored in its own way: dry wings are pink, juicy pulp is orange, seeds are black. This coloring attracts birds, they eat the fruits and thus contribute to the spread of the euonymus.

Euonymus flowers, unlike the fruits, are not so noticeable, their small brownish petals are arranged in a cross shape. During flowering, the plant emits a strong, not entirely pleasant specific smell that attracts flies and other insects.

One of the features of the euonymus is the preservation of green leaves on young plants throughout the year. The roots and stems of euonymus contain a special substance - gutta, from which gutta-percha can be obtained - a substance similar in its properties to natural rubber.

Authors: Kozlova T.A., Sivoglazov V.I.

Warty spindle tree, Euonymus verrucosa. Botanical description of the plant, area, methods of application, cultivation

Previously, the word Euonymus was considered feminine, so the scientific name of the species was recorded as Euonymus verrucosa. This spelling is found in Russian-language botanical literature to this day. The Vienna Code of Botanical Nomenclature (2006) fixed the spelling Euonymus verrucosus.

The scientific name of the genus Euonymus comes from the Greek "eu" (good) and "onyma" (name), i.e. a plant with a good (famous) name. The name is ironic, since "euonymos" among the Greeks is an oleander with poisonous leaves, and among the Romans - an euonymus, the seeds of which are poisonous and were previously used to fight lice.

The specific epithet verrucosus ("warty") comes from the Latin word verruca ("wart").

The warty euonymus has three characteristic features: numerous lenticels (warts) on the shoots; "mouse" smell of flowers; tadpole-like black seeds with orange seedlings hanging from pink fruits. It is an upright deciduous shrub; height of adult plants - from one to two meters.

The warty euonymus retains cotyledons and green leaves for up to three years, and under the forest canopy - up to 7-8 years of age, which indicates that once the euonymus was evergreen. The life of the plant is up to fifty years. For the first fifteen years, the bush grows to about one and a half meters, after which its growth slows down significantly, and after thirty years it stops.

The root system is superficial, with a large number of fibrous roots.

The branches are thin, covered with many brown or blackish tubercles - growths (warts), because of which the species got its name. These formations (the so-called "lentils") consist of loose tissue through which air can pass, and serve as vents in the corked cover of branches - living tissues breathe through them. Young branches are dark green in color; very thin; have comb-shaped outgrowths of cork tissue, which serve to increase strength.

The leaves are simple, opposite, smooth, ovate-oblong, finely serrate along the edge. Green spring and summer color changes to pink or reddish-pink in autumn.

The flowers are small, inconspicuous, relatively flat; collected in small paniculate inflorescences (three, five or seven pieces), located in the axils of the leaves on long pedicels. There are four sepals, they fit snugly to the petals. There are also four petals; their color is greenish, greenish-brown, brownish; they have a rounded shape, widely procumbent, located in the same plane. There are four stamens, they are attached to a fleshy nectar disk. There are also four columns, they are located towards the center of the nectar disk. The smell of the flowers is unpleasant, "mouse".

The warty euonymus begins to bloom in May and the time of the beginning of its flowering usually coincides with the time of the beginning of the flowering of the May lily of the valley (Convallaria majalis). Flowering time is several weeks. Pollination occurs with the help of insects - the flowers of the warty euonymus attract primarily flower flies with short proboscis.

The fruit of the warty euonymus is a leathery dry four-parted berry-like box, inside of which there are seeds covered with a juicy fleshy tissue - the seed. On the side that protrudes outward, the seeds are black, and on the side that is immersed in the seed bed, they are light; the seedling is colored orange.

Immature capsules are spherical or pear-shaped, pale green; later, when fully ripe, they acquire a pink or dark pink color. The bolls open with four flaps, but after that the seeds with seedlings do not fall out, as happens in the vast majority of flowering plants, but hang like earrings on "strings" (which are more correctly called seed stalks). Such an arrangement of seeds and seedlings, as well as a combination of contrasting color (pink at the shells of the box, orange at the seedlings and black at the seeds) makes the ripened fruits of the plant very bright and noticeable, which is important for their distribution. The pulp of seedlings has a sweetish taste, which attracts many birds, while linnet (Carduelis cannabina) is the main seed carrier of warty euonymus. The fruits ripen in August - September.

Distributed in the mountains of southern, eastern, central and southeastern Europe. Available in many reserves of the European part of Russia, the Caucasus, the Baltic states. It also grows in Turkey, Iran, China, Japan, Korea.

The warty euonymus is most often found in broad-leaved (especially in oak forests) and coniferous-broad-leaved forests. Prefers fertile soils rich in lime. Shade-tolerant mesophyte.

Inedible, poisonous.

The warty euonymus, like almost all other species of this genus, is a poisonous plant. All parts of the plant are poisonous.

The most likely method of poisoning is the use of fruits that can arouse interest in a person with their bright color (the fruits taste sweet, have an unpleasant aftertaste). Possible symptoms of poisoning include vomiting, diarrhea, weakness, chills, and convulsions. As a first aid, gastric lavage with a suspension of activated charcoal, saline laxatives, and a cleansing enema can be used. It is required that the poisoned person remain calm. Since poisoning can cause a violation of cardiac activity, the work of the patient's heart should be monitored.

The branches of euonymus, as well as its bark, have the greatest effect in the treatment of various diseases, ailments and unpleasant conditions. They can be in absolutely any form - fresh or dried, since these factors do not affect the loss of any properties. The high content of evonimin in these parts of the shrub allows you to regulate and normalize the activity of the heart muscle in particular and the cardiovascular system as a whole. In addition, these components help digestion, normalize blood pressure in case of nervous disorders, as well as severe headaches, including the nitrate type, as well as in the initial stage of migraine.

One of the standard contraindications, including those inherent in euonymus, is individual intolerance. Among the objective undesirable consequences of excessive use of infusions, tinctures, decoctions and other types include inflammation of the small intestine. Contraindications are also bleeding on the background of hemorrhoids. If you have a predisposition or ailments that can lead to such consequences, then it is advisable to reduce the single dose of these decoctions and other consistencies by 20-30 percent.

The leaves, bark, and especially the roots of the plant contain gutta (in the bark of the roots - up to 30%) - a substance from which gutta-percha can be obtained. In the first half of the XNUMXth century, work was carried out on the use of euonymus euonymus and European euonymus (Euonymus europaeus) to obtain gutta-percha on an industrial scale, but after the chemical industry began to produce artificial polymers in sufficient quantities, work with euonymus ceased.

The warty euonymus has a hard wood used to make small crafts.

The warty euonymus has long been cultivated as an ornamental plant. Among other things, the plant is used to create hedges, including those used for decorative design of fences, various outbuildings, composting sites.

Warty spindle tree, Euonymus verrucosa. Recipes for use in traditional medicine and cosmetology

Ethnoscience:

• For the treatment of skin diseases: use a tincture of the leaves and fruits of the warty euonymus. An infusion can be obtained by steeping 1 tablespoon of dried leaves and fruits in 1 cup of boiling water for 10-15 minutes. Take tincture inside 1/4 cup 3 times a day.
• For the treatment of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract: use a decoction of the roots of the warty euonymus. A decoction can be prepared by pouring 1 tablespoon of crushed roots into 1 cup of boiling water and simmering for 15-20 minutes. Take a decoction of 1/4 cup 3 times a day.
• For the treatment of a runny nose: use a decoction of the roots of the warty euonymus. Steep 1 tablespoon of crushed roots in 1 cup boiling water for 10-15 minutes. Strain and inhale the steam of the broth, covering your head with a towel.
• For the treatment of rheumatism: use an ointment based on the roots of the warty euonymus. To prepare an ointment, grind 1 tablespoon of the roots and mix them with 50 grams of pork or goose fat. Heat the mixture in a water bath until the fat melts. Cool and apply the ointment on sore spots 2 times a day.

Cosmetology:

The warty euonymus is not used in cosmetology.

Attention! Before use, consult with a specialist!

Warty spindle tree, Euonymus verrucosa. Tips for growing, harvesting and storing

The warty euonymus (Euonymus verrucosa) is a shrub of the viburnum family, which is grown as an ornamental plant.

Tips for growing, harvesting and storing warty euonymus:

Cultivation:

• The warty euonymus grows in sunny or semi-shady places with fertile soils.
• It is recommended to plant a plant in spring or autumn, at a distance of 1-2 meters from each other.
• To increase resistance to drought, you can fertilize and water the plant.

Workpiece:

• The warty euonymus is not commonly used as a food or medicinal plant.
• If you want to keep its decorative appearance, then it is recommended to remove dry and damaged branches, as well as pruning the shrub into the desired shape.

Storage:

• The warty euonymus does not need special storage.
• It is recommended to regularly check the condition of the plant and remove damaged or dry parts.

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