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Content

1. Photos, basic scientific information, legends, myths, symbolism
2. Basic scientific information, legends, myths, symbolism
3. Botanical description, reference data, useful information, illustrations
4. Recipes for use in traditional medicine and cosmetology
5. Tips for growing, harvesting and storing

Clove tree, Caryophyllus aromaticus. Photos of the plant, basic scientific information, legends, myths, symbolism

Basic scientific information, legends, myths, symbolism

Sort by: Clove tree (Caryophyllus)

Family: Clove (Myrtaceae)

Origin: Island countries of Indonesia, in particular the Moluccas.

Area: Cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions of Asia, Africa, Australia and South America.

Chemical composition: Clove buds contain an essential oil, the main component of which is eugenol (up to 85%), as well as alpha-humulene, beta-caryophyllene, creosote and other compounds.

Economic value: Clove is used as a spice and as a raw material for the production of essential oil. It is also used in pharmacology, cosmetology and perfumery.

Legends, myths, symbolism: In Indian culture, the clove tree is associated with the goddess Kali, the goddess of time and destruction. It is said that the clove tree appeared from Kali's eyes when she saw her husband Shiva being killed. It has become a symbol of death and destruction, but can also be used for purification and renewal. In Christian symbolism, the clove tree is associated with Jesus Christ and his suffering. The clove tree was used to create the crown of thorns that was placed on the head of Jesus during the crucifixion. She is also associated with martyrdom and sacrifice. In Arabic culture, the clove tree is associated with wealth and prosperity. In the Arab world, the clove tree is widely used for the production of spices and fragrances, and it has become a symbol of wealth and prosperity. The clove tree is associated with destruction and death, but can also be used for purification and renewal. The plant is also associated with martyrdom and sacrifice, as well as wealth and prosperity.

Clove tree, Caryophyllus aromaticus. Description, illustrations of the plant

Clove tree, Caryophyllus aromaticus L. Botanical description, history of origin, nutritional value, cultivation, use in cooking, medicine, industry

An evergreen tree reaching a height of 12 m. The crown is large, beautiful, pyramidal. The leaves are broadly lanceolate, leathery, opposite, dark green. The flowers are small with a purple calyx, white or pink, collected at the top of the branches in a complex semi-umbrella. The fruit is a berry containing one or two seeds. Blooms twice a year.

The birthplace of the clove tree is the Moluccas. As a spice and medicine, cloves have been known since ancient times and were especially popular in India, the Middle East, and China. It came to Europe through Ceylon.

The spice is produced on the islands of the Indian Ocean - Zanzibar and Pemba. Raw materials are obtained from trees that have reached the age of six to twelve. When unopened flower buds begin to turn red, they are harvested and dried in the sun or in dryers until they turn brown. The shape of the carnation buds resembles a nail, which is where it gets its name from. The dried buds have a strong smell and a burning, spicy taste.

Clove buds contain a large amount of essential oil, which includes eugenol, acetyleugenol, as well as tannins, organic acids (oleanolic acid), mucus, and fats.

Hippocrates was one of the first physicians to use cloves to treat the sick. The medicinal properties of cloves are not forgotten today. It is used to improve digestion, strengthen memory and as an aphrodisiac.

An aqueous extract of cloves is used to treat eye diseases, cough, chronic asthma. Due to the antiseptic and anesthetic properties of clove oil, it is used during operations, for the treatment of purulent abscesses in the oral cavity; it relieves toothache of a cold nature, strengthens the gums and eliminates bad breath.

In Chinese folk medicine, clove oil is used for certain skin diseases, and the buds are included in the collection of plants recommended for malignant tumors.

Due to the fact that the cloves have a strong aroma and pungent taste, it is used as a spice. Cloves are added to liqueurs, hot drinks, fruit juices and compotes. Dishes from red cabbage, meat, game, pickled mushrooms, herring flavored with cloves acquire a special taste.

Cloves are used in the manufacture of toilet soap, perfumes.

Authors: Kretsu L.G., Domashenko L.G., Sokolov M.D.

Cloves, Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Meg. et LM. Perry. Botanical description, distribution, chemical composition, features of use.

Myrtle family - Myrtaceae.

Evergreen tropical tree 10-12 m high, with a beautiful pyramidal top. The leaves are opposite, broadly lanceolate, entire, dark green, leathery and shiny, light dots are visible on the surface - essential oil receptacles.

The inflorescences are apical, in the form of complex semi-umbels. The flowers consist of a bright red cylindrical receptacle (hypanthium), bearing 4 small red sepals at the top, and a pale pink 4-petaled corolla, which falls off when blooming in the form of a hemispherical cap; many stamens, lower ovary. The fruit is an ovoid false berry containing 1 starch-rich seed.

It is cultivated in tropical countries: on the islands off the eastern coast of Africa (Zanzibar, etc.), the Antilles (Jamaica, etc.), in Brazil, etc.

Homeland - Moluccas and other islands of Southeast Asia.

Unblown flower buds are collected, the red color of which, when dried, turns into dark brown.

The shape of the buds resembles a nail (hence its name), the length is 1-1,5 cm. The smell is strong, fragrant, the taste is burning, spicy.

In addition to the buds, carnation fruits (uterine carnation) are also harvested, which are harvested almost ripe. The smell and spicy taste of clove fruits are the same as those of the buds, even more pleasant.

Buds contain essential oil (17-20%), tannins (up to 20%), mucus, fats. The main component (up to 85%) of the essential oil is eugenol. It also contains caryophyllene, acetyleugenol (3%), a mixture of bicyclic sesquiterpenes. The essential oil of the fruit also contains eugenol (less than in the buds).

Cloves are among the most ancient and well-known spices.

It has a strong, peculiar and spicy spicy taste. Known as both spice and medicine. It is used to make bitter stomach liqueurs, hot drinks with wine, punches, fruit juices and compotes. It is flavored with canned fruit.

Cloves are also used to prepare dishes from red cabbage, pork, lamb, game, dark meat sauces, and when pickling herring.

Together with onions and kohlrabi leaves, it improves the taste of sauerkraut. It is also acceptable for mushrooms and meat aspic.

A pleasant unique taste with cloves is acquired by brawn and game pates, as well as fish dishes, spaghetti and other culinary products.

Clove oil is used in dentistry as an antiseptic.

Authors: Dudchenko L.G., Kozyakov A.S., Krivenko V.V.

Clove tree, Syzygium aromaticum. Methods of application, origin of the plant, range, botanical description, cultivation

The spice is dried buds - unblown flower buds. They contain essential oil (17-19%), which includes eugenol (85-90%), acetoeugenol (2-3%), vanillin, caryophyllene and other compounds. Essential oil and caryophyllene give spices a burning aromatic taste.

Cloves, as a spice, are widely used in the food, canning and alcoholic beverage industries, for the manufacture of chewing products and perfumes. It is added to tobacco to flavor smoking products and give them antiseptic properties.

Cloves are used in medicine to improve digestion, strengthen memory, and treat eye diseases. Some countries produce clove oil, which is also used for food and medicinal purposes.

The birthplace of the clove tree is Indonesia (Moluccas). Gradually, carnation spread to other countries of the tropical zone of Asia, and then penetrated the islands of East Africa (Reunion and Mauritius).

For the clove tree, the warm, humid equatorial-monsoon climate is most favorable. The average annual air temperature on the Tanzanian islands of Pemba and Zanzibar, where cloves are widespread, is about 26 ° C, with fluctuations in the wet and dry seasons from 22 to 33 ° C. The annual amount of precipitation is 1500-2000 mm, their precipitation is relatively uniform with two maxima (April-May and November-December).

The main producers of cloves: Indonesia - 55 thousand tons, Tanzania - 10, Madagascar - 8, Sri Lanka - 2 thousand tons. In recent years, there has been a significant increase in the production of cloves in Brazil. It is produced in small quantities in Malaysia, Jamaica and some West African countries.

The world market for cloves in the late 80s was characterized by an excess of this spice and a further decline in prices.

Clove (Syzygium aromaticum Merrill et Perry), Myrtle family (Myrtaceae) is a perennial tropical plant reaching a height of 10-12 m. The trunk is branching, forms many side branches, covered with gray bark. Leaves oblong-elliptical, entire, up to 8 cm long. On the upper side of the leaf are small oily glands.

The flowers are collected in semi-umbrellas at the ends of the branches. The calyx consists of 4 sepals, fused at the bottom and forming a tube. Corolla of 4 petals, reddish in color, falls off when the flower opens. The fruit is an oblong purple berry up to 25 mm long and up to 12 mm in diameter.

Carnation is grown both on red earth-loamy sandy soils and on black tropical hydromorphic soils. Poorly aerated and marshy clay soils are unsuitable for its culture. Altitude limit for carnation 200 m (Tanzania) - 500 m (India) above sea level. seas.

The clove tree is propagated by seeds, much less often vegetatively (by layering). Seeds are sown in nurseries, where seedlings are grown for 3-4 years. They are planted on plantations during the rainy season. A canopy of bamboo poles and palm leaves is built over each seedling to protect it from direct sunlight. Sometimes shade plants (cassava, etc.) are planted, or seedlings are placed under the crowns of old trees.

Plantation care consists of controlling weeds, loosening the soil around the trees, and watering during dry periods. Initially, up to 1 trees are placed per 476 ha. Over time, old trees are cut down, leaving them no more than 120 pieces. The fruiting of the clove tree begins at the 5-6th year of life. Maximum productivity is observed at the age of 20 to 50 years, some of them bear fruit up to 100 years. The lifespan of trees is 60 years.

The collection of buds begins shortly before they open, when the color of the corolla becomes pale pink. First, whole inflorescences are cut off. Then the buds are separated, which are used to prepare the spice, and the stalks with the branches of the inflorescence are used to extract the oil. The yield of 10-12-year-old trees is about 3 kg, 30-40-year-old trees - up to 30 kg.

Carnation buds are dried on cemented currents or special mats for 4-5 days. Under normal drying conditions, they acquire a reddish or dark brown color. From 3,3-4,0 kg of freshly picked buds, 1 kg of a standard carnation is obtained. Dried cloves are sorted and divided into 4 grades: extra, first, second and third.

Authors: Baranov V.D., Ustimenko G.V.

Clove tree (carnation), Eugenia caryophyllala. reference Information

Evergreen tree of the myrtle family, reaching a height of 20 m.

The leaves are opposite, medium-sized, leathery. Small flowers with white or pinkish petals and many stamens are collected in racemes, the ovary is immersed in an overgrown receptacle, the calyx is purple with four teeth. All parts of the plant contain glands with essential oils.

The homeland of the clove tree is the Moluccas. In the Far East and India, this spice was known from ancient times, and the Chinese brought it from the Moluccas as early as the XNUMXth century BC. e.

For centuries, cloves have been used as a remedy for toothache and to improve breathing. It came to Europe from Alexandria, where only in the XNUMXth century BC. merchants began to bring it. However, since the XNUMXth century, cloves have become a fashionable spice in wealthy families.

The first European who saw how a clove tree grows was the naturalist merchant Marco Polo (XIII century). When Vasco da Gama discovered the Moluccas, the Arabs lost their monopoly on the spice trade. They were replaced by the Portuguese, and then in the XVII century. the Dutch triumphed.

Until the turn of the XVIII-XIX centuries. all world consumption of cloves was covered by imports from the Moluccas. Only in 1770 did the French succeed in secretly, despite the danger of the death penalty, to take out the seeds of the clove tree and lay its first plantations on the islands of Mauritius and Reunion.

Currently, cloves are cultivated in many tropical countries, and the islands of Zanzibar and Pemba have become its main producers. Terminal inflorescences with unopened flowers are harvested by hand and air-dried without shading. The buds will darken. Dried buds contain a large amount of very fragrant oil, which evaporates during long-term storage. In addition to the aroma, the carnation has some pungency, which is concentrated mainly in the petioles of the bud, and the most delicate aroma is in the cap.

The quality of a spice can be determined by immersing a few buds in water.

If they sink to the bottom or even float up but stay upright, it means they are of good quality. And if they float horizontally on the surface, this means that the cloves have partially or completely lost their flavor.

In the form of whole buds, cloves are used in canning and pickling mushrooms, vegetables, fruits, berries and fish. Moreover, both fresh and salted fish are marinated, having previously boiled it.

In ground form, cloves are used in the preparation of flour confectionery, flavored drinks, various types of blood sausages, pates. An aqueous extract of cloves, obtained by brewing ground buds with boiling water, followed by infusion, is used in the treatment of eye diseases. The essential oil isolated from cloves has a pronounced antiseptic effect and is used in surgery, especially for purulent abscesses.

Authors: Yurchenko L.A., Vasilkevich S.I.

Clove tree, Caryophyllus aromaticus. Recipes for use in traditional medicine and cosmetology

Ethnoscience:

• For headache treatment: break a few cloves and insist in a glass of hot water for 10-15 minutes. Then drink the resulting infusion to relieve headaches.
• To treat toothache: put a few carnations on the aching tooth and bite through a little. Cloves have analgesic properties that can reduce tooth pain.
• For treating throat infections: add a few cloves to tea and take several times a day. Cloves have antimicrobial properties that can help clear up a throat infection.
• To improve digestion: add some cloves to your food or drink clove tea. Cloves can help improve digestion and reduce bloating.
• To improve appetite: insist a few cloves in a glass of hot water for 10-15 minutes. Then drink the resulting infusion before meals to improve appetite.

Cosmetology:

• To improve skin: Add a few drops of clove essential oil to your regular face cream or apply clove oil directly to your skin. Cloves can help improve skin color and reduce inflammation.
• To eliminate germs: add a few drops of clove essential oil to your shampoo or conditioner to eliminate germs and bacteria on your scalp and hair.
• To eliminate foot odor: Add a few drops of clove essential oil to your foot water or apply clove oil to your feet. Cloves can help eliminate odor and prevent bacterial growth.
• To eliminate acne: mix clove essential oil with tea tree oil and apply on pimples. This mixture can help eliminate inflammation and reduce acne.

Attention! Before use, consult with a specialist!

Clove tree, Caryophyllus aromaticus. Tips for growing, harvesting and storing

The clove tree (Syzygium aromaticum, formerly known as Eugenia caryophyllus) is known for its aromatic flowers, which are widely used in cooking and aromatherapy.

Tips for growing, harvesting and storing clove:

Cultivation:

• Soil Selection: The clove tree is demanding on fertile soil with good drainage. It can be grown on both acidic and alkaline soils, but the ideal pH for it is considered to be 5,5-6,5.
• Lighting: clove prefers partial shade and woody shading.
• Landing: planting is carried out in spring or autumn in a well-prepared hole 50-60 cm deep and 50-60 cm in diameter. The distance between the trees should be at least 6 meters.
• Growing: The clove tree requires regular watering and fertilization. A good fertilizer for him is compost or organic fertilizer, which should be applied to the soil in spring or autumn. During the period of growth and flowering, it is recommended to use nitrogen fertilizers.
• Care: Regular pruning of the clove tree helps maintain its shape and promotes healthy growth. During the flowering period, removal of wilted flowers is recommended. To prevent the spread of diseases and pests, it is necessary to carry out regular processing of the tree.

Workpiece:

• The flowers of the clove tree are harvested during their blooming. The sooner you collect the flowers, the better.
• The flowers are dried in the sun or in the shade for 4-6 days until completely dry. They must be stored in a dry, cool and dark place to retain their flavor.

Storage:

• Dried clove flowers can be stored in sealed containers for several years without losing their quality.
• To preserve the freshness and aroma of the flowers, it is recommended to store them in airtight containers in a cool and dark place.

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