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CULTURAL AND WILD PLANTS
Garden bean (common bean, horse bean). Legends, myths, symbolism, description, cultivation, methods of application
Directory / Cultivated and wild plants Content
Garden bean (common bean, horse bean), Vicia faba. Photos of the plant, basic scientific information, legends, myths, symbolism
Basic scientific information, legends, myths, symbolism Sort by: Bob (Vicia) Family: Legumes (Fabaceae) Origin: The garden bean comes from Europe and Central Asia. It is a perennial or annual herbaceous plant that belongs to the legume family. Area: The garden bean is widely distributed in various regions of Europe, Asia and North Africa. It can grow in a variety of climates, but prefers full sun and medium to heavy soils. Chemical composition: The garden bean is rich in proteins, carbohydrates and other nutrients. It also contains flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins and other compounds. Economic value: Bean garden is of great economic importance as a fodder and grain plant. It is used as animal feed, as well as for the production of flour, starch and other products. In addition, it can be used as a green fertilizer to improve the soil and increase its fertility. Legends, myths, symbolism: In ancient times, the garden bean was considered a symbol of fertility and abundance. In some cultures, the plant was used in rituals and traditions that are associated with the fertility of the land and the well-being of the family. There is also a legend that the garden bean was one of the first plants that were grown by people for food. According to legend, its grains were used to prepare dishes at ancient holidays and celebrations. The garden bean is also associated with the history of Europe and is used as a symbol of the national cuisine of some countries. In Italy and Spain, beans are used in gourmet dishes, while in England and Ireland, beans are often used as an ingredient in traditional dishes.
Garden bean (common bean, horse bean), Vicia faba. Description, illustrations of the plant beans. Myths, traditions, symbolism
A cultivated plant, probably as old as cereals, an important food in the Mediterranean countries, and in modern times also north of the Alps. Because of their swelling and supposedly aphrodite (exciting sexual desire) action, beans were considered, first of all, among the priests, unclean, but they played a certain role among the Greeks in the mysteries of Dionysus and Apollo. Pythagoras forbade their use, since, according to legend, they hid the souls of the dead in themselves. For Roman priests, there was a ban on looking at the beans, or at least mentioning them, since their flowers supposedly contained "letters of sadness."
On the holiday of "commemoration of parents" (February 13), the souls of the dead dared to visit the world of people, and the witches used this time of ghosts to tie "evil tongues" with the help of black beans. In other cases, due to their high yield, beans are a symbol of fertility and wealth, as, for example, in Japanese folk beliefs. In the figurative speech of Europeans, beans that were used as playing (card) money are very rare (for example, there is an expression " not worth a bean", i.e. "worth nothing"). A bean baked in a pie was considered a symbol of happiness for the one who discovers it, the "bean king" or it was assumed that the one who discovered or discovered the bean would be the first one in a given year. Author: Biedermann G.
Garden bean (common bean, horse bean), Vicia faba L. History of growing the plant, economic importance, cultivation, use in cooking
One of the wonderful food plants, undeservedly forgotten, is the horse bean Vicia faba, they are also F. bona and F. vulgaris. What is this plant? Beans are an annual plant with a low, straight stem and a branched root system that goes into the soil to a depth of one and a half meters. The fruit of V. faba is called a bean, although it is often incorrectly referred to as a pod. Inside the seeds, which can be of different shapes and colors (white, green, dark brown, purple or black). There is a long-fruited version, in which up to eight seeds, and a short-fruited "Windor" - it has up to four. Currently, about a hundred varieties of beans are known, they are divided into field (fodder) and garden (food). The fodder have relatively small seeds and a plentiful green part. Food seeds are large, up to 3 cm long, and have large fleshy leaves. Horse beans are native to the Middle East and the Mediterranean. It is one of the oldest food crops. The earliest finds of beans were made in Israel and date back to Neolithic settlements (8800-8500 years ago). Around 3000 BC, beans are already widely known in the Mediterranean region. Gradually, they spread throughout Europe, reaching even such a remote corner as Britain, and spreading along the Nile Valley, they ended up in Ethiopia. In these countries, beans served as the common food of the common people. In Rus', beans were grown for at least a thousand years, and they lasted until the time of Peter the Great, when they were replaced by beans imported from the West. Archdeacon of the Orthodox Church of Antioch, Pavel of Aleppo, traveling in the middle of the XNUMXth century in Muscovy, wrote: "They have purple and white beans." What are the benefits of beans? Beans are a real treasure, because this culture is unpretentious: it grows on poor soils, including acidic and clay ones, and tolerates frosts down to -10 ° C. Heat-loving beans and soybeans do not withstand such conditions. Beans contain up to 37% of proteins, which include essential amino acids: lysine, histidine, methionine and arginine. In terms of protein content, beans are second only to soy. In the seeds of beans, peas and lentils, there is less protein. Fat in beans is only 1,5-2%, carbohydrates - up to 60%. The fiber content is higher than in other legumes due to the thicker seed coat. With all the nutritional value, this is a low-calorie product, 100 kcal per 56,9 grams. Beans are a great source of B vitamins, especially B6 (pyridoxine), B1 (thiamine), B2 (riboflavin), and B3 (niacin). The plant also contains ascorbic acid, carotene and mineral salts of calcium, potassium, phosphorus, iron, sulfur and magnesium. Young beans are a source of L-dopa, 84 grams of fresh seeds contain up to 50-100 mg of this substance. In medicine, it is known as levodopa, a cure for Parkinson's disease. At the beginning of the twentieth century, fava beans were used as a raw material for its production. Unfortunately, bean consumption worldwide has halved in the last 50 years. People prefer cereal crops that are easier to harvest industrially. Now in Europe it is predominantly a feed product.
What can be cooked from beans. Nevertheless, in many countries fava beans are eaten with pleasure both in the stage of milky ripeness and ripened. Unripe seeds or whole beans are used as vegetables, canned and frozen. Fully ripened boiled. They must first be soaked overnight in cold water, and boiled in fresh water. The process takes several hours, and it is very important to finish it, because undercooked beans are not tasty. To check whether the beans are ready, take two or three beans in a spoon and blow on them. If the skin peels off the seeds, they are cooked. Flour from mature seeds is used to make vegetable cream, and is also added to minced meat and dough. In this capacity, bean flour completely replaces soy flour. One popular Middle Eastern dish is falafel, deep-fried or oven-baked balls made from dry beans that are soaked and then ground with leeks, parsley, cumin, green and dry coriander. Sometimes chickpeas are added to the beans. Pita is stuffed with falafel, served with salad, vegetables or hot sauces. Often, falafel is made from small-seeded varieties, as they are more aromatic. The Forbidden fruit. Despite the fact that fava beans are a healthy and nutritious product, sometimes they were banned. In ancient Greece, the priests who participated in the Orphic and Eleusinian mysteries were forbidden not only to eat beans, but also to touch them, look at them and think about them. This is reported by the ancient Greek writer of the II century Pausanias. In his work "Description of Hellas", he writes that when the goddess of fertility Demeter wandered into the city of Phenei in search of her daughter, the inhabitants showed her hospitality, and for this she gave them seeds of leguminous plants, but not beans, therefore bean seeds are considered among them. impure. The ancient Greek philosopher and mathematician Pythagoras (570-490 BC), who lived earlier, also did not eat beans, forbade his students and avoided bean crops. He believed that the souls of the dead moved into the beans. However, these prohibitions may have a more prosaic explanation - favism, or intolerance to fava beans. In a person suffering from this disease, beans cause hemolysis (destruction of red blood cells). The skin becomes yellow, the spleen and liver are enlarged. If a lot of beans are eaten, the patients have a fever, they feel weakness and pain in the abdomen, it is difficult to breathe, the heart is pounding. In severe cases, acute renal failure develops. Favism is a hereditary disease associated with a deficiency of the enzyme glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD). It is caused by a recessive mutation in a gene located on the female sex X chromosome, so men suffer from favism, and women with this mutation are usually carriers, but are healthy themselves. This disease affects about 400 million people, it is quite common among the inhabitants of the Mediterranean. The products of G-6-PD activity are necessary for the neutralization of hydrogen peroxide; erythrocytes are especially sensitive to oxidative damage, which are unable to synthesize their own enzyme. Under normal conditions, the life span of erythrocytes in sick people is only slightly reduced, but if you eat some strong oxidizing agent, hemolysis and anemia begin. Raw beans contain two alkaloids, vicin and convicin, which are oxidized in the body to form reactive oxygen species and cause hemolysis. Epidemiologists note that the area of origin of beans corresponds to the area of distribution of malaria, some pathogens of this disease are very sensitive to hemolysis caused by favism. Therefore, it is possible that selection contributed to the preservation of the high frequency of the mutant G-6-PD gene in malaria-prone areas.
What else is dangerous beans. Like all legumes, fava beans contain purines and are therefore harmful to people with gout. Their seeds also contain trypsin inhibitors, tannins, phytic acid, which interferes with the absorption of phosphorus, calcium and some other minerals. Bean oligosaccharides (stachyose, raffinose, and verbascose) release methane and other gases when fermented in the intestines. The content of many unpleasant components can be reduced by selection. For fodder purposes, they try to use varieties of beans in which the amount of tannins, trypsin inhibitors, vicin and convicin is minimized. Beans contain phytoestrogens - isoflavonoids, with biological activity similar to female sex hormones. Their excess can be harmful to humans. At the same time, horse beans contain less phytoestrogens than other legumes, especially soy. So beans are an almost perfect replacement for soy.
Bean drink. Ripe beans are used to make a coffee substitute. To begin with, they are soaked for three days. Soaking protects against harmful proteins, and starch is converted into sugars during this time. The beans are then dried, ground and roasted until brown. At the same time, sugars are caramelized, due to which the drink acquires a pleasant aroma and a thick dark brown color. Ground beans are brewed like regular coffee. Author: Ruchkina N.
Garden bean (common bean, horse bean), Vicia faba. Recipes for use in traditional medicine and cosmetology
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Garden bean (common bean, horse bean), Vicia faba. Tips for growing, harvesting and storing
Bean garden, or common bean (Vicia faba) is a plant that is often grown in gardens and vegetable gardens. Tips for growing, harvesting and storing garden beans: Cultivation:
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