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CULTURAL AND WILD PLANTS
Birch. Legends, myths, symbolism, description, cultivation, methods of application
Directory / Cultivated and wild plants Content
Birch, Betula. Photos of the plant, basic scientific information, legends, myths, symbolism
Basic scientific information, legends, myths, symbolism Sort by: Birch (Betula) Family: Birch (Betulaceae) Origin: Birches are a genus of trees and shrubs that originate from the temperate and cold regions of Eurasia and North America. More than 60 species of birches are known in the world. Area: Birch trees are found throughout the world, from North America to Scandinavia, and from Siberia to China. Some types of birch can withstand extreme conditions, such as high mountain peaks or places with strong winds. Chemical composition: Birches contain betulin, which is used in the pharmaceutical industry as a cancer remedy, as well as in the cosmetics industry for the production of skin creams and lotions. Also, birches contain essential oils, flavonoids, acids and other biologically active substances. Economic value: Birches are of great economic importance, their wood is used in the production of furniture, plywood, paper and other products. Birch sap is used in the food industry, and birch tar in medicine and cosmetology. In folk medicine, birch leaves and buds are used as diuretics and anti-inflammatory agents. Legends, myths, symbolism: In Slavic mythology, birch was considered a symbol of life and fertility. Its branches were used in rituals associated with the celebration of spring and the summer solstice. In Russian folk medicine, birch sap has been used to treat various ailments such as colds, coughs, and headaches. In Scandinavian mythology, the birch was considered the sacred tree of the goddess Frigga. Its branches were used in rites related to birth and marriage. In Scandinavian folk medicine, birch bark was used to treat rheumatism, arthritis, and other joint ailments. In Japanese culture, birch symbolizes beauty and grace. Its branches and leaves are used in Japanese art and decorative arts such as ikebana and gardening. In Celtic mythology, birch was considered a sacred tree associated with the goddess of love and beauty. Its branches were used in rituals related to healing and protection from evil spirits. In some cultures, birch is associated with eternal life and immortality. In ancient mythology, the birch was considered the sacred tree of the goddess Persephone, who was the goddess of the underworld and eternal life.
Birch, Betula. Description, illustrations of the plant Birch. Legends, myths, history
Since ancient times, birch has been a symbol of grace and purity, which personifies nature and woman. The plot of the transformation of a mermaid or a girl offended by relatives into a birch is found in many Slavic fairy tales and legends. One of them tells about a beautiful mermaid who lived in a forest lake. At night, she came out of the water and frolicked under the moon. However, as soon as the first rays of the sun appeared, the mermaid immediately dived into her cool home. One day she started playing and did not notice how the young sun god Horus appeared in the sky on his solar chariot. He saw the beauty and fell in love with her without memory. The mermaid wanted to hide in the lake, but the golden-haired god would not let her go. And so she remained forever standing, turning into a white-trunked beauty birch. In ancient Rus', there were many customs associated with birch. For example, on the occasion of the birth of a child, a young birch was planted near the house. This ceremony was supposed to make the child happy, and protect the family living in this house from adversity. With the help of birch branches, the girls guessed at the betrothed. In many folk legends, the birch acted as a blessed tree. At the same time, there were beliefs that birch is a tree cursed by God. According to Carpathian customs, if a married man plants a birch in his yard, soon one of his family members will die. Author: Martyanova L.M.
Birch. Description of the plant, area, cultivation, application
Grows everywhere in dry and moist soils. The tree is unisexual, deciduous, frost- and drought-resistant, undemanding to the soil. It grows rapidly, in 40 years it reaches 30 m in height. Lives up to 120-150 years, there are also 400-year-old trees. The trunks are often solitary, slender, up to 20-30 m in height. The wood is strong. The bark (birch bark) is smooth, thin, peels off easily, often shiny white, sometimes with black stripes. The branches are flexible, drooping, covered with resinous warts. The young leaves are light green, sticky, later - bright green above, lighter below, covered with glandular warts. Along the edge of the leaves there are water stomata - holes through which water with sugar seeps - "honey water", it is readily collected by bees. Kidneys 3-7 mm long, red-brown, densely covered with sticky scales. The flowers are multiple, small, dioecious, collected in drooping catkins. Male flowers are formed in autumn, up to 6 cm long, drooping, arranged 2-3 at the ends of the branches. Female flowers appear in spring, much less than male ones, and are located singly on short lateral shoots. After pollination, they turn into mature cylindrical earrings, in which seeds - voles ripen. In the wind, the earrings sway, the pollen scatters and settles on the stigmas of the flowers. The fruits are single-seeded nuts, small, flat-compressed, with two light membranous wings. Blossoms in April - May, fruits ripen in July - August. Birch buds contain saponins, essential oil, phytoncides, grape sugar, vitamin C, tannins, dyes, bitter substances, resins, flavonoids, alkaloids, fatty acids (linoleic, linolenic, palmitic), manganese, zinc. The bark is rich in alkaloids, glycosides, tannins, essential oils, triterpenoids, phytosterols. Organic acids, carotene, flavonoids, vitamin C, essential oil, triterpenoids, tannins, coumarins were found in the leaves. For economic purposes, birch is used quite widely. Barrels, parquet, furniture, ax handles, skis, reels, spoons, kitchen boards and much more are made from wood, tar, acetic acid, and activated carbon are obtained. Black oil paint, shoe polish was previously obtained from the bark. From birch bark craftsmen and craftsmen make a variety of baskets, caskets, elegant souvenirs, dishes for cereals, flour products, bags, boxes, etc. Juice and kidneys are used in the perfume industry for toilet water, lotions, creams. Essential oil is obtained from the leaves and birch buds - a thick liquid with a pleasant balsamic smell. Birch firewood is valued as the hottest, burning without smoke. Young branches with leaves are harvested for livestock feed. Panicles, bath brooms are knitted from the branches. In nutrition, buds and young birch leaves are used. Vitamin salads and side dishes are prepared from them. Birch salad. Salad leaves, collected before cooking away from roads, industrial production, rinse thoroughly with cold water, pour over with boiling water, chop, salt to taste, season with sour cream, or mayonnaise, or vegetable oil, or tomato sauce. 100 g of birch leaves, 50 g of sour cream (or mayonnaise, or vegetable oil, or 25 g of tomato sauce), salt to taste. Birch leaves can be added to any spring salads. Birch sap quenches thirst well, improves appetite. It is harvested in early spring - in March - April. Canned for the winter with sugar, citric acid. Kvass, drinks, syrups, etc. are prepared from birch sap. Birch kvass from birch sap. Pour juice into wooden barrels, put burnt dried crusts of rye bread in gauze bags. When fermentation begins, pull out the bags with bread crusts, add oak bark, cherry branches and leaves, dill stalks. Store in a cold place. Birch drink. Add sugar, citric acid or other berry juice to birch sap to taste, carbonate.
In folk medicine, swollen but unblown resinous buds, leaves, juice, activated charcoal, birch tar, and wood are used. Preparations from birch have a choleretic, diuretic, anti-inflammatory, bactericidal, antiscorbutic, wound healing, tonic, expectorant effect, improve digestion, metabolism, calm the nervous system, help eliminate harmful substances from the body, reduce cardiac edema. Birch sap contains enzymes, coenzymes, organic acids, tannins, salts of potassium, calcium, iron, plant hormones, sugars (up to 7%) (mainly fructose), promotes the destruction of urinary (carbonate and phosphate) stones, has a diaphoretic, diuretic effect . It is prescribed 100-150 ml 3 times a day for 20-25 days for rheumatism, gout, edema of cardiac origin. Long-term use of birch sap is not recommended, especially in inflammatory diseases of the kidneys, urinary tract. Birch leaves strengthen the walls of the capillaries of blood vessels. Infusions, decoctions, powders, tinctures, birch leaves are prescribed internally and externally for various diseases. Infusion of birch leaves. Infuse 50 g of birch leaves in 400 ml of boiled water cooled to 40-50 ° C for 4-5 hours. Drain the infusion, squeeze the leaves, pour water again, leave for 6 hours, strain and combine with the first infusion. Drink 50 ml 3-4 times a day for kidney diseases, general weakness, after serious illnesses, operations, cardiac edema, rheumatism, gout. Infusion of birch buds. Infuse 5 g of kidneys in 200 ml of boiling water for 1 hour. Strain and drink 50 ml 3 times a day before meals for edema, hepatitis, cholecystitis, inflammatory diseases of the kidneys, bronchitis, laryngitis, colds. A decoction of birch leaves. Boil 20-30 g of birch leaves in 400 ml of water for 15-20 minutes over low heat, then add 1/4 teaspoon of baking soda. Drink 100 ml 3 times a day for diseases of the kidneys, liver, heart, hypovitaminosis. A decoction of birch buds. Boil 5 g of kidneys in 200 ml of water for 5-10 minutes, leave for 1 hour, then strain. Drink 50 ml 3 times a day an hour after meals with edema of cardiac origin, hepatitis, cholecystitis, bronchitis, colds, rheumatism, gout. Tincture of birch buds. 30 g of dried birch buds insist in 1 liter of 70-90% alcohol or vodka for 10-15 days. Take 10-20 drops in water 3 times a day before meals for inflammatory diseases of the kidneys, liver, gastric and duodenal ulcers, functional cardiovascular disorders. Tincture is good for wiping wounds, ulcers, frostbite, bedsores, rubbing, compresses for rheumatism, gout, arthritis, myositis, festering, long healing wounds. Birch bark powder is used to cover wounds and ulcers. Activated charcoal is used for colitis, gastritis with high acidity of gastric juice, peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum and as an antiallergic agent, especially in childhood. The outer thin layer of birch bark is applied to boils, carbuncles. Fresh or dried leaves are steamed in boiling water and applied to sore spots for rheumatism, gout. The buds with leaves are brewed with boiling water, covered for 5-10 minutes and inhaled for colds, coughs, hoarseness. The buds and leaves are part of the diuretic, diaphoretic fees. From under the bark of a birch, a schultz (shult) is selected, which is formed in places where the bark is damaged by frost - thin leaf-shaped, wrinkled plates of black-brown color. Brewed and drunk as tea as a tonic, tonic, stimulant, after serious illnesses, operations, with general weakness, poor appetite. Diuretic collection. 2 tablespoons of a mixture of birch leaves (2 parts) or buds (1 part), dandelion root (1 part), juniper fruit (1 part), knotweed herb (3 parts), parsley herb (5 parts) insist in 400 ml boiling water 1-2 hours. Strain and drink 50 ml 3-4 times a day for inflammatory diseases of the kidneys, edema for 15 days, take a break for 5-7 days and drink again for 15 days. Contraindications: pregnancy, severe kidney disease with insufficient functional activity. blank. Birch buds are harvested from January to April, until the bud scales open and green leaves appear. Branches with buds are cut, tied into bundles, kept in a dark, cool place (basement) so that the buds do not bloom, dried in the shade, in a dry, well-ventilated room at a temperature of about 20 ° C, and then the buds are cut off with hands in canvas mittens or threshed, cleaned of impurities, branches. Dried buds are conical, naked, densely covered with shiny, matte, dark brown scales. The smell is balsamic, fragrant, pleasant. The taste is tart, astringent, bitter, resinous. Store raw materials in a dry, ventilated area in bags on racks for no more than 2 years. The leaves are harvested in May, during flowering, when they are still sticky and fragrant. Dry them in the shade in a well-ventilated area. Shelf life of dried leaves is 1 year. Birch sap is collected in early spring, during sap flow. A triangular hole is made on the birch trunk, with the top down, to a depth of 4-5 cm, a tube or bandage is inserted, the end of which is lowered into a glass dish or barrel. It is not recommended to collect juice in metal dishes. One tree can produce 2,5-13,5 liters of juice per day, from 24 to 129 liters per season, up to 425 liters are obtained from some trees. At the end of the collection of juice, the hole must be covered with garden pitch, wax or laundry soap. Authors: Alekseychik N.I., Vasanko V.A.
Warty birch (drooping birch), Betula verrucosa. Botanical description of the plant, areas of growth and ecology, economic importance, applications
Family Birch, class Dicotyledonous, department Angiosperms. Birch is a beautiful tree, high - up to 20 m. Trunk with smooth white, at the base - with a dark, grayish bark. The bark of young reddish-brown shoots with small outgrowths - pimples, "warts", from this feature the name of the species came. Triangular-rhombic petiolate leaves have teeth along the edges. Blooms in late April - early May. In birch flowers, instead of petals, there are scales. Staminate and pistillate flowers are in separate inflorescences - catkins. In autumn and winter, ripe fruitlets with wings are carried by the wind. Birch trees live on average 150 years. Birches grow in forests, parks, even in swamps and form continuous plantations - birch groves. In the groves from the white trunks of these trees it is light even at night. Birches are amazingly beautiful at any time of the year. They are covered with a transparent green lace of tender young leaves in early spring; light crowns of birches become golden yellow in autumn. Thin birch leaves quickly collapse and enrich the soil. Very often you can meet twin birches: several trunks grow together. If the tree dies or is cut down, then several shoots grow from the remaining stump; they grow quickly because well-developed roots remain in the soil, feeding new shoots. Birch wood is used in the manufacture of furniture, other wooden products, and chemicals. Black grouse, hazel grouse, flying squirrels feast on buds and shoots. Authors: Kozlova T.A., Sivoglazov V.I.
Hanging birch, Betula pendula (warty birch, Betula verrucosa Ehrh.). Botanical description, habitat and habitats, chemical composition, use in medicine and industry
Tall, up to 20 m, tree of the birch family (Betulaceae), with smooth white bark, with alternate triangular-rhombic leaves. Leaves and young twigs are covered with resinous glands, fragrant. Male and female flowers in catkins. Male - final, drooping, arranged with a brush in 2-4, female - axillary single, erect or deviated. The fruit is a single-seeded flat-compressed nutlet with two membranous wings. Range and habitats. Distributed almost throughout Europe (on the Iberian Peninsula and in a number of other areas of the Mediterranean is rare), in North Africa, in Western and Central Asia. Chemical composition. Birch buds contain essential oil obtained in the amount of 3,5-5,3% by steam distillation of buds. The oil is a thick yellow liquid with a pleasant smell. The composition of the oil includes betulen, betulol, betulenolic acid. Betuloretinic acid in the form of butyl ester, ascorbic acid up to 2-8%, hyperoside, tannins 5-9%, saponins up to 3,2% were found in the leaves. In addition, an essential oil was found - 0,04-0,05%. Birch bark contains triterpene alcohol betulin (betulenol), glycosides betulozide and gaulterin, tannins up to 15%, alkaloids and essential oils. Birch leaves are used fresh. For medical purposes, kidneys, leaves and birch sap are used; tar is obtained from wood. Birch fungus (chaga) is also used. Birch buds are harvested in winter and early spring, when they have not yet blossomed, swollen, resinous. Dry in dryers at a temperature of 25-30 ° C or in the shade under a canopy. Broken buds are not allowed for use. The moisture content of raw materials should be about 13%, other parts of birch (branches, catkins) no more than 8%, slightly blossoming buds no more than 2%. From 100 kg of fresh kidneys, 40-45 kg of dry ones are obtained. Application in medicine. Birch buds (Gemmae Betulae) have been used for edema of cardiac origin as a diuretic. In case of insufficiency of kidney function, this type of treatment cannot be prescribed due to possible irritation of the kidney tissue by resinous substances. The choleretic properties of birch buds are used in diseases of the liver and biliary tract. In addition, they are used for bronchitis, tracheitis as a disinfectant and expectorant. Birch bud preparations are also used for hygienic and therapeutic baths. Birch bud tincture is used for minor soft tissue wounds. Tincture of birch buds (Tinctura Gemmarum Betulae). Prepared on 90% alcohol in the ratio of raw materials to extractor 1:5. Assign 1 teaspoon or 1 tablespoon per reception as a choleretic and diuretic. Externally used for rubbing and compresses with myositis, arthritis, poorly healing ulcers, abrasions, bedsores. A decoction of birch buds (Decoctum Gemmarum Betulae). Prepare from 10 g per 200 ml of water, boil for 15 minutes, remove and filter through gauze, take 1 tablespoon 3-4 times a day. Infusion of birch leaves (Infusum folii Betulae). In folk medicine, infusions, decoctions and tinctures from fresh birch leaves are used as a diuretic and diaphoretic. Fresh birch leaves are brewed with boiling water and compresses are made on the joints for rheumatism. The diuretic effect of leaf infusions in edema associated with cardiovascular insufficiency has been established.
An infusion of birch leaves is prepared as follows: fresh leaves are crushed to about 0,5 cm, washed with cold boiled water, the water is drained, poured again with boiled water at a temperature of 40-50 ° C, insisted for several hours, drained, squeezed leaves, defend 6 h, the precipitate is removed. Ready-to-drink infusion has an intense green-yellow color, slightly bitter taste, contains 155 mg% of vitamin C. An infusion of dried birch leaves contains only 17 mg% of vitamin C. The bitter taste of the infusion disappears after filtering it through crushed charcoal, but together with that, the content of vitamin C decreases from 155 to 75 mg%. Birch leaves have proven useful in nephrosis and nephritis; they reduce albuminuria. Birch leaves are also recommended for use in uric acid diathesis. Other uses. The dense, strong wood of drooping birch bends well, has a beautiful pattern, is easily machined, extremely unstable against decay, and is best preserved immersed in water. It is used in large quantities as a plywood raw material, in the production of skis, spools of thread, and furniture. Cellulose, charcoal, turpentine are obtained from wood. During dry distillation of the bark, tar is formed, which is used in medicine and perfumery. Dry distillation can produce acetic acid and methyl alcohol. Coal from birch firewood was used earlier at the Ural metallurgical plants. Activated carbon with high absorption capacity is obtained by special processing of wood. It is used to clarify liquids, remove unpleasant smelling substances from them, etc. Previously, mineral water from Borjomi springs was filtered through birch charcoal. Activated charcoal is poured into boxes of gas masks. Before the advent of electricity, birch torches were in great use, which illuminated the huts: they do not burn out very quickly and give a bright flame with almost no soot and sparks. Due to its high calorific value, birch firewood is valued as a good fuel for home stoves. Authors: Turova A.D., Sapozhnikova E.N.
Birch. Interesting plant facts
In early spring, as soon as the snow has melted, the moisture that has soaked the thawed earth begins to flow into the birch roots. The starch deposited in the roots and trunk turns into sugar and dissolves in water. Water with force rushes up the vessels of the trunk to the branches and buds. The sugar solution nourishes the buds, from which shoots with leaves and inflorescences-earrings hanging down will grow. While the buds have not yet begun to bloom, there is a lot of sweet juice in the birch trunk. Having made a small hole in the trunk of a birch tree with an awl or a nail and inserted a straw into it, you can draw birch sap flowing in quick drops into a bottle. Sap flow begins a week before bud break, and during this time one tree can produce up to four buckets of juice. By evaporation, birch sap is thickened until a syrup is lemon-yellow in color and thick, like honey. The hole made is covered with wax or a special pitch so that putrefactive fungi or spores of the tinder fungus do not penetrate into the tree. Author: Verzilin N.
Birch. Botanical description of the plant, areas of growth and ecology, economic importance, applications
Birch is the favorite tree of the Slavs. In ancient times, at the beginning of summer, "mermaids" were celebrated, worshiping the spirits of the forest and water. These days, birch branches were cut down and decorated with dwellings, outbuildings, round dances were danced around the old huge birches. Everywhere birch acts as a symbol of beauty and tenderness, purity and kindness, love and sadness, fidelity and integrity. Trees and birch groves are especially beautiful in spring, when their brightness and grace, liveliness and play of light delight the eye. A birch copse makes a spring sunny day even more joyful and festive. If you meet a birch copse or even a group of birches in a dark pine forest or a harsh oak forest, it seems that the forest is smiling. Permeated with light and filled with bird songs, the birch forest is always associated with spring. In spring days, as soon as the buds on the trees thaw and begin to swell, everyone who wants to stock up on a fragrant, pleasant and refreshing drink goes to the birch trees. People in need of a cure for scurvy, diseases of the digestive system, kidneys, and liver are in a hurry. In Siberia, the Urals and the Far East, young sticky birch leaves are eaten - they are added to salads. An aqueous infusion of freshly blossoming buds and leaves is drunk to quench thirst instead of cold tea and as a remedy for scurvy. Young leaves contain 9-13% protein, 7-9% proteins, 5-12% fat, 39-50 mg of nitrogen-free extractives, 12-25% fiber. A lot of ascorbic acid: 150-250 mg per 100 g of wet weight. But the birch is most famous for its juice, which it generously gives to people. In 1970-1975, for example, more than 5 million cans of canned birch sap were procured annually in Ukraine. But the gifts of birch groves and forests should be taken in such a way as not to harm them. With a drill in the lower part of the trunk at a height of 30-40 cm, a hole is made with a diameter of 1-1,5 and a depth of 3-4 cm. A birch bark groove or tube is inserted into the hole so that the juice flowing from the wound does not spread along the trunk. The hole is made on the sunny side, since sap production is more abundant here. Do not make more than one hole, as you can damage the tree. Without harm to the plant in one season, about 40 liters of juice can be obtained from a tree aged 60-15 years, 20-20 m high and 35-20 cm thick. In trees of large sizes and growing in damp places, the sap yield reaches 100 liters per season. After the end of the tapping, the hole is clogged with a willow or linden peg and covered with garden pitch, putty or oil paint. The juice is collected in glassware daily so that it does not ferment. Birch sap is used not only fresh as a pleasant refreshing drink, but also used to make fruit drinks, kvass, light wine; brew juice compotes, jelly, coffee, prepare sweet tea, cereals, use instead of water. By boiling, molasses is obtained, the concentration of sugar in which can reach up to 60-70%. This molasses is used in confectionery and bakery. In 1891, Professor of the St. Petersburg Forestry Institute F.K. Arnoldi wrote that in the north of Russia, residents make sparkling wine from birch sap, which is not inferior to champagne in taste, and after some exposure even tastier. Using folk recipes, Sverdlovsk foresters and biochemists made birch wine in 1936. Golden in color, pleasant in taste, it captivated connoisseurs. One American firm was even negotiating to acquire a license for the recipe for making this wine. Wonderful kvass is prepared from birch sap. The Academy of Medical Sciences of Russia in 1946 developed recommendations for the preparation of such kvass. Pressed bread yeast is added to birch sap heated to 30-35 ° C at the rate of 10-15 g per 10 liters of juice. Barrels with wort are tightly sealed and placed in a cold cellar with a temperature of 5-8 ° C. After 2-3 days, the juice will ferment and cool. It turns out birch kvass, which lasts up to three months. Kvass has a pleasant sweet and sour taste, well carbonated. In the Urals, birch sap is fermented in thick-walled bottles, which are filled directly in the forest with fresh juice. A teaspoon of sugar is added to each bottle, 2-3 raisins and pieces of lemon or orange peels are thrown. The bottles are sealed tightly, and the corks are fixed with wire, like champagne. Bottle pressure is high. If you put two spoons of sugar in a bottle of champagne, it can not stand it and explode. Birch wine is sold under the name "White Dessert with Birch Juice". This wine was made according to old recipes from the book "Months" of the 1828 edition. The wine was made as follows: 200 g of sugar was dissolved in a bucket of birch sap and boiled down over low heat by one third, collecting foam. Then the juice was filtered through a fine sieve or cloth into a wooden bowl, pieces of lemon pulp were added. When the juice was cooled to a temperature of 30-35 °C, a tablespoon of yeast was added. As soon as the juice begins to turn sour, it is bottled and corked, put in a cool place. After 2-3 months the wine is ready to drink. Syrups are prepared by evaporating the juice in flat enameled vessels until it acquires a light brown color and the consistency of sunflower oil.
Shepherds, lumberjacks, sightseers, hunters get birch sap in the simplest way. A drooping birch branch 1-1,5 cm thick is cut with a sharp knife and the neck of the bottle is put on the cut. For 2-3 hours on a warm day, one and a half to two glasses of juice run up, which they drink without leaving the place of collection. Birch sap has high therapeutic and dietary qualities. In folk and official medicine, juice is recommended as a medicine for diseases of the kidneys, bladder, and scurvy. A decoction of birch buds helps with colds, flu, bronchitis. An infusion of birch buds with honey is used to treat burns, wounds, tumors, abscesses, inflammation of the nasal cavity. Fresh or dry birch buds are poured with warm water for several hours so that they swell and soften a little. After draining the water, add bee honey in a ratio of 1: 1 by volume and put in the oven or hot bath for 2-3 hours. Add a little vodka to the cooled honey broth of birch buds, bringing the mass to the consistency of thick sunflower oil, filter and get an excellent cosmetic product for nourishing and toning masks. The mask is kept on the face for 20-30 minutes, washed off with warm water, the skin is dried with a soft terry towel by blotting and then smeared with sour cream or cream. Material for masks can be prepared once for several procedures or even for the entire course of cosmetic treatment of aging skin. After ten procedures, the skin on the face becomes white and pink, fresh and soft, wrinkles completely disappear, pores tighten and blackheads disappear by themselves. Spring birch sap is frozen for an evening refreshing massage, the remnants of the melted sap are removed with a cotton swab dipped in water and the face is smeared with sour cream or cream. It has long been known that washing your hair with an infusion of birch leaves strengthens your hair, making it silky and shiny. To prepare the infusion, 20 g of the leaves are finely cut and poured with a glass of boiling water, leaving 15-20 minutes to infuse. The infusion is drained and used for washing. However, the hair is washed in soft water with soap or shampoo beforehand. The hair washed with birch infusion is dried in the air gradually. Washing repeat 2-3 times a week for a month. Fresh birch sap is used to wipe the skin on the face and neck in the morning and evening, after which they wash with warm and cold water. Infusion of birch buds is used to aromatize and activate baths. More often they use birch buds. For 1 liter of boiling water, take 200-250 g of kidneys, insist for a day. The infusion is added to the bath at the rate of 1 cm3 per 1 liter of water. Such a bath relieves fatigue, raises the tone of the body, eliminates inflammation on the skin, smoothes and moisturizes dry skin. With oily acne-prone skin, rashes, it is wiped twice a day with an alcohol infusion of birch buds: 2 parts of alcohol are taken for 5 parts of the buds, insisted for a day and 1 part of a decoction of birch leaves is added. Author: Reva M.L.
Birch. Useful information
The first primers appeared in Rus' three hundred years ago. In one of them, the use of birch twigs for teaching literacy was explained in this way: "The rod sharpens the mind, excites the memory ..." Until the end of the last century, schoolchildren were flogged with a birch rod all over Europe. Flogged for any offense, flogged without it - just for "great sharpening of the mind." Even the scientific, Latin name of birch - "betula" comes from the Latin word "batuera" - "cut". No, of course, we do not miss the rod in the least, we are not upset because "birch porridge" has long and forever been crossed out from the list of teaching aids. The image of a birch tree, which is not overshadowed by anything for us, gives rise to a warm feeling of a native home, it is a symbol of modest beauty and kindness. It's a rare day that we don't see this tree. A rare day ... But the poet and naturalist Johann Wolfgang Goethe said: "The hardest thing to see is exactly what you look at every day. We are too accustomed to birch, and habit lulls curiosity and prevents us from seeing." Meanwhile, the most unusual among our trees is an ordinary birch: it is the only one with a white trunk! Thanks to this exceptional feature, birch grows in the south of the country, and in the north, and in green forests along with broad-leaved oaks, maples, lindens, and in the evergreen taiga among spruces, pines and firs. It is in the whiteness of clothes that the secret of the birch's excellent adaptability to life in a wide zone of a moderately cold climate lies. And to live here, where the four seasons succeed each other, giving warmth in such different ways, is not at all easy to live here. ... Each tree is dressed in bark - its protection from drying out, cold and overheating. Birch has white bark - it reflects the sun's rays more strongly. Therefore, the birch trunk warms up less ... However, not the equator, not the tropics, it would seem, why be afraid of the sun? It turns out that one should be afraid, especially if it warms the tree ahead of time. Here is a Siberian fir. In her homeland, she calmly endures the most severe colds, and in Western Europe, with her mild winters, she freezes. It gets warmer there earlier, and this deceives the fir: it kicks out young shoots, which die even with weak night frosts. The same would have happened to the birch if it were not for the white bark. She, as it were, repels deceptive warmth and does not allow the sun to wake the tree from its winter sleep before the deadline. Without its extraordinary bark, a birch would not have become the most ordinary tree that we rarely meet with. Author: Margolin Ya.A.
Birch, Betula. Recipes for use in traditional medicine and cosmetology
Ethnoscience:
Cosmetology:
Attention! Before use, consult with a specialist!
Birch, Betula. Tips for growing, harvesting and storing
Birch (lat. Betula) is a tree of the Birch family (Betulaceae), common in the temperate climate of the Northern Hemisphere. It is known for its decorative effect, as well as valuable medicinal properties. Tips for growing, harvesting and storing birch: Cultivation:
Workpiece:
Storage:
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