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Aronia chokeberry (chokeberry Michurin, chokeberry). Legends, myths, symbolism, description, cultivation, methods of application

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Content

1. Photos, basic scientific information, legends, myths, symbolism
2. Basic scientific information, legends, myths, symbolism
3. Botanical description, reference data, useful information, illustrations
4. Recipes for use in traditional medicine and cosmetology
5. Tips for growing, harvesting and storing

Aronia chokeberry (chokeberry Michurin, chokeberry), Aronia melanocarpa. Photos of the plant, basic scientific information, legends, myths, symbolism

Basic scientific information, legends, myths, symbolism

Sort by: Aronia

Family: Pink (Rosaceae)

Origin: North America

Area: Aronia chokeberry grows in the northern regions of North America, as well as in Eastern Europe and Siberia. It is currently grown in various regions of the world, including the USA, Canada, Europe and Asia.

Chemical composition: Aronia chokeberry contains many useful substances, including vitamins C, E and K, as well as carotenoids, flavonoids and anthocyanins. It also contains many pectins, minerals including potassium, magnesium, iron and copper, and other biologically active compounds.

Economic value: Aronia chokeberry is used for the production of food products such as juices, jams, wines, jams, as well as for the preparation of medicines. Its berries have a sweet and sour taste and are used in cooking to create various dishes and drinks. It is popular for landscaping areas due to its resistance to drought and winter frosts, as well as for creating hedges.

Legends, myths, symbolism: In some cultures, chokeberry is considered a symbol of strength, health and longevity. In other cultures, it is associated with magic and the occult, as its black berries can be associated with darkness and mystery. Also, aronia can be associated with vitality and fertility, as its berries have a bright red color, which is associated with blood and vitality.

Aronia chokeberry (chokeberry Michurin, chokeberry), Aronia melanocarpa. Description, illustrations of the plant

Aronia, Aronia melanocarpa (Michx.) Elliott. Botanical description, history of origin, nutritional value, cultivation, use in cooking, medicine, industry

Deciduous shrub up to 3 m high. The leaves are simple, broadly oval, petiolate, shiny, leathery, dark green, red in autumn. The flowers are small, white, rarely pinkish, collected in an inflorescence-scutellum. The fruit is an apple-shaped black berry with a bluish wax coating. Blooms in late May - June.

The homeland of the chokeberry is the forests of North America, where it is still found. Aronia came to Eastern Europe at the end of the 1900th century and was grown as an ornamental plant in nurseries in Riga and St. Petersburg. Introduction to the culture of this plant is associated with the name of I. V. Michurin. Intrigued by it, the scientist ordered cuttings from Germany in XNUMX, and later began to use this culture to breed new varieties of sweet-fruited mountain ash. The first thousand seedlings of chokeberry appeared in Altai during the war years, where industrial plantations were created.

Aronia can be found in forests and parks; it is also grown by amateur gardeners. The plant is not only decorative; tart chokeberry fruits are highly valued for their nutritional and medicinal properties.

The plant is frost-resistant, undemanding to heat. Prefers well-lit, fairly moist areas. Grows on various soils. Propagated by seeds, cuttings and grafting. In nurseries, seedlings are grown from seeds, which, at the age of one and two years, are planted in a permanent place at a distance of 1,5-2 m from each other. In the third or fourth year of life, chokeberry begins to bear fruit. Caring for it consists in the systematic loosening of the soil, weeding, watering and top dressing. Strong thickening of the bushes should not be allowed; when they are formed, it is necessary to leave the strongest, fruit-bearing shoots (up to 12 pieces).

The fruits of chokeberry begin to ripen in the first decade of August and, without crumbling, keep on the bushes until frost. When cleaning, cut off the entire brush. Dry at a temperature of 50-60 °C. After drying, store in a hermetically sealed container. Frozen and dry fruits lose their astringency and become sweeter and more palatable; medicinal properties almost do not lose.

Aronia fruits contain a lot of sugars, organic acids and tannins. According to the content of brightly colored P-active phenolic compounds (catechins, anthocyanins, flavonols), chokeberry surpasses all fruits. It contains a lot of sorbitol and pectin substances. Aronia is a multivitamin culture: the fruits contain vitamins of groups B, C, E, K, carotene. Of the minerals, phosphorus, copper, manganese, magnesium, iron and iodine, which is rare in plants, were found. The seeds are rich in fatty oil.

Among the capillary-strengthening agents, chokeberry occupies a leading position. Its fruits and various processed products are very effective in the treatment of hypertension, atherosclerosis. So, juice reduces the content of cholesterol in the blood, increases the speed of blood flow. It has been experimentally established that the use of chokeberry in food leads to the normalization of excitation processes in the brain. Thanks to pectins, chokeberry is able to bind pathogenic bacteria and various toxic substances in the intestines, as well as cobalt and strontium salts and remove them from the body.

A decoction of the fruit exhibits a diaphoretic effect; it is prescribed for colds. The use of aronia berries should be limited with low blood pressure. In medicine, preparations of vitamins C and P obtained from chokeberry cake are widely used.

Aronia fruits are eaten fresh and processed. Juice is squeezed out of them, which is useful in itself, and with the juices of red currants, apples or sea buckthorn, it is even more valuable. Aronia fruits are ground with sugar; from them prepare jam, jam, compote. Fruit tea is brewed from dried fruits.

The plant is very decorative, especially in autumn, when its leaves turn bright purple and the fruits turn completely black.

Authors: Kretsu L.G., Domashenko L.G., Sokolov M.D.

Chokeberry, Aronia melanocarpa. Botanical description, habitat and habitats, chemical composition, use in medicine and industry

Shrub up to 1,5-2,5 m high, Rosaceae family (Rosaceae).

The leaves are simple, entire, serrate, obovate, alternate.

The flowers are white or pink, in corymbose inflorescences. Fruits are apple-shaped with a diameter of 8-10 mm, black in color, with a bluish bloom. The skin of the fruit is dense, the flesh is almost black when ripe, the fresh juice is dark ruby ​​in color, strongly coloring. Seeds dark brown, wrinkled, 2 mm long.

Flowering in May, fruiting in September.

Chokeberry is grown in various parts of the country as a valuable fruit and ornamental shrub.

Range and habitats. Chokeberry is grown in various parts of the country as a valuable fruit and ornamental shrub. The homeland of the chokeberry is North America.

Chemical composition. The fruits contain up to 10% sugars (mainly glucose and fructose) and sorbitol alcohol, which is sweet in taste and can replace sugar for diabetics; rich in vitamin P (average 2 mg%, there are even reports of 000 mg%). Of the other vitamins, chokeberry contains carotene (provitamin of vitamin A), vitamins C (up to 6 mg%), E, ​​PP, and B vitamins. The total content of anthocyanin pigments in mature fruits reaches 500%.

Aronia is distinguished by a large set of microelements - it contains boron, fluorine, iodine compounds (6-10 mcg per 100 g of fresh fruits), iron, copper, manganese, molybdenum. The total acidity of fruits in terms of malic acid does not exceed 1,3%. They also contain pectin and tannins, which give them astringency, and amygdalin glycoside.

Application in medicine. Aronia juice lowers blood pressure in animals with experimental hypertension, has vasodilating properties, low toxicity.

Chokeberry juice is used in the initial stage of hypertension.

The vitamins P and C contained in the juice make it possible to use the drug according to the relevant indications for preventive and therapeutic purposes.

Other uses.

Chokeberry juice (Succus Aroniae melanocarpae) is obtained from the pulp by pressing the fruit; It has a burgundy color and a sour-bitter astringent taste. Assign 50 ml per reception 3 times a day half an hour before meals for 10-30 days.

The fruits of the chokeberry (Fructus Aronia nigra). If there is no fresh juice, use the fruits of chokeberry. They are taken 100 g 3 times a day for half an hour before meals. Juice and fruits are stored at a temperature of 3-5 ° C in a place protected from light. If stored improperly, the juice can ferment and lose its medicinal properties. Fermented juice should not be taken.

It is not recommended to be treated with juice and fruits of mountain ash for peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum, as well as for hyperacid gastritis.

Rp.: Succi Aroniae nigrae 500,0 DS 50 ml per reception (or 3 tablespoons per reception) 3 times a day half an hour before meals.

Store in a cool place. Rp.: Fructi Aroniae nigrae 500, 0 DS 100 g half an hour before meals 3 times a day.

Authors: Turova A.D., Sapozhnikova E.N.

Aronia Michurina (chokeberry), Aronia mitschurinii. Botanical description of the plant, area, methods of application, cultivation

Aronia Michurina is a hybrid species of the genus Aronia, named by A. K. Skvortsov and Yu. K. Maitulina in honor of its creator, Russian biologist and breeder Ivan Vladimirovich Michurin. It comes from the hybridization of black chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa) and, possibly, plum-leaved chokeberry (Aronia prunifolia).

According to other data, it comes from the hybridization of chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa) and mountain ash (Sorbus aucuparia), in which case the species is placed in the Sorbaronia notorode (Sorbaronia) or to the F1 hybrid between them - Sorbaronia fallax (CKSchneid.) CKSchneid., 1906 (Sorbaronia misleading), or as an apomictic backcross into an independent species - Sorbaronia mitschurinii (AKSkvortsov & Maitul.) Sennikov, 2013 (Sorbaronia Michurin).

Shrub up to 2 m tall with gray bark. The leaves are broadly elliptical or obovate, dark green, shiny, with a sharp apex, serrate or finely serrated along the edge, with dark red papillary glands above the midrib. Petioles 4-10 mm long.

The flowers are white, about 12 mm in diameter, collected in corymbose inflorescences with densely hairy branches. Flowering from late May to mid June.

Fruits (type - apple) are spherical, black or black-purple, shiny, juicy, 6-12 mm in diameter, usually with eight seeds. Fruiting in September. Tetraploid, 2n+68.

It is cultivated in gardens and parks of Central and Eastern Europe, Scandinavia, the North Caucasus, Western and Eastern Siberia, the Far East as a fruit and ornamental plant, often runs wild.

The species was bred in the 90s of the XNUMXth century in the nursery of I. V. Michurin near the town of Kozlov, Tambov province, but now it has completely stabilized due to apomixis.

Feral plants are found in forests, forest clearings and edges, among shrubs.

Aronia berries contain organic acids, vitamins C, B, K, B1, B2, P, PP, carotene, microelements - zinc, nickel, iron, copper, fluorine, iodine, magnesium, manganese.

Black chokeberry berries are used fresh and frozen, jam, jelly, tinctures are cooked. Dry rowan berries are also used for medicinal purposes. Nevezhinskaya mountain ash is especially famous for its qualities - red, large, oblong and cubic - with rounded, ribbed fruits, yellow or orange in color.

In Crimea, there is a special species with pear-shaped fruits - domestic mountain ash. One of the species of Caucasian mountain ash (bereka or glagovina) is distinguished by fruits that look like small cherries, brown, brownish-yellow or white-speckled in color. Sweet fruits of the Kamchatka elderberry rowan.

The fruits are ready for harvest as they ripen in September-October. They are used both fresh and dried. For drying berries, open air or an oven with a temperature not higher than 50 degrees is suitable.

In folk medicine, chokeberry was used for scurvy and beriberi. In addition, the berries dissolve vascular plaques in atherosclerosis, treat gastritis with low acidity, rheumatism, kidney and bladder stones, and oncology. They are able to stimulate the liver, increase the immune system, lower blood cholesterol, reduce the viscosity of thick blood, strengthen the walls of blood vessels, improve kidney function, and are a choleretic agent.

Rowan chokeberry is rich in iodine, which has a beneficial effect on the weakening of the thyroid gland with reduced function. Squeezed juice in folk medicine is prescribed for hypertension, bringing blood pressure back to normal, as a preventive and therapeutic drug is useful for radiation sickness.

Thanks to aronia pectins, toxic and radioactive substances are excreted from the body. An aqueous decoction of the fruit is recommended to drink to separate mucus from the bladder and as a laxative, as well as for children to improve appetite.

Aronia berries should not be used by people suffering from gastritis with high acidity, with hypotension, thrombophlebitis, stomach ulcers.

Aronia chokeberry (chokeberry). reference Information

A small branchy shrub up to 2,5 m high of the pink family. It grows wild in eastern North America. It is widely cultivated as a valuable food, medicinal and ornamental plant. It was first introduced into culture by I. V. Michurin in Michurinsk, from where it spread to other regions.

Aronia fruits are very juicy (contain up to 60% juice), with a large amount of anthocyanin pigments - cyanidin derivatives. They contain a significant amount of substances with P-vitamin activity - flavonoids, catechins, anthocyanins and leucoanthocyanins, the amount of which reaches 5%. Among the flavonoids found hesperidin, rutin, quercetin. The fruits contain organic acids (0,8%), vitamins - C (50-170 mg%), PP (up to 0,7 mg%), carotene (4-6 mg%), carbohydrates (glucose, fructose, sucrose - 4 -11%), pectin (0,5%), tannins. According to the content of organic acids, chokeberry fruits are significantly superior to tangerines, strawberries, raspberries, red currants. By the amount of carotene, they are inferior to the fruits of mountain ash.

A large set of trace elements was found in the fruits of chokeberry - boron, fluorine, iodine, iron, copper, manganese, molybdenum. In the fruit pulp, the iodine content is up to 40 mg% (Dry pulp without seeds) approaches the amount in feijoa fruits - a plant that is known as an iodine concentrator. The flavonoids rutin and hyperoside, quercetin derivatives, as well as significant amounts of chlorogenic and neochlorogenic acids were found in the leaves and flowers of chokeberry.

Aronia fruits are a valuable therapeutic and prophylactic agent. They have an effective hypotensive and anti-sclerotic effect. For medical purposes, fresh juice or chokeberry fruits are used. Juice is recommended to use 2-3 tablespoons 3 times a day half an hour before meals (or 100 g of fruit per reception). In the treatment of hypertension and atherosclerosis, it is recommended to use chokeberry juice or fruits simultaneously with rose hips or black currants rich in ascorbic acid. Can be used as an antihypertensive compotes, jams, jams from chokeberry fruits.

Treatment with the juice and fruits of the plant is not recommended for peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum, as well as for hyperacid gastritis. The juice can be used externally in the treatment of burns. Approved for medical use are tablets from chokeberry fruits for hemorrhagic diathesis, capillary toxicosis, bleeding of various origins, hypertension, as well as in the treatment of anticoagulants.

By activity, the drug is close to vitamin P, obtained from tea leaves. A mixture of juices of chokeberry and mountain ash is used to prepare soft drinks in order to increase their durability, physiological value, and also to give them the desired color.

Authors: Dudnichenko L.G., Krivenko V.V.

Aronia chokeberry (chokeberry Michurin, chokeberry), Aronia melanocarpa. Recipes for use in traditional medicine and cosmetology

Ethnoscience:

• Aronia tincture to strengthen immunity: chokeberry tincture helps to strengthen the immune system and fight colds. To prepare the tincture, take 2-3 tablespoons of dry chokeberry, pour a glass of boiling water and leave for 15-20 minutes. Then strain and consume 1/4 cup 2-3 times a day.
• Anemia treatment: Aronia is rich in iron, making it a good remedy for anemia. To do this, you can use fresh chokeberry berries or prepare a tincture from dried berries, as described above.
• Treatment of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract: chokeberry helps improve digestion, reduce inflammation and reduce the risk of stomach ulcers. To do this, you can use fresh chokeberry berries or prepare a tincture from dried berries, as described above.
• Prevention of cardiovascular diseases: chokeberry helps lower blood cholesterol levels and improve the condition of the cardiovascular system. To do this, it is recommended to use fresh chokeberry berries or prepare a tincture from dried berries, as described above.
• Cancer prevention: chokeberry contains antioxidants and other beneficial substances that help fight cancer cells. For the prevention of cancer, you can use fresh chokeberry berries or prepare a tincture of dried berries, as described above.

Cosmetology:

• Mask for the face: Aronia contains antioxidants and other beneficial substances that help fight skin aging. To prepare a facial mask, mix 2 tablespoons of freshly squeezed chokeberry juice, 1 tablespoon of honey and 1 tablespoon of oatmeal in a bowl. Apply the mixture on your face and leave on for 10-15 minutes, then rinse with warm water.
• Hair conditioner: chokeberry contains vitamin C, which strengthens hair and stimulates its growth. To make a hair conditioner, mix 2 tablespoons freshly squeezed chokeberry juice, 1 tablespoon honey, and 1 tablespoon olive oil in a bowl. Apply the mixture to your hair after washing and leave for 10-15 minutes, then rinse with warm water.
• Skin cleanser: chokeberry contains many fibers that help remove impurities from the skin. To make a skin cleanser, mix 2 tablespoons freshly squeezed chokeberry juice, 1 tablespoon honey, and enough water in a bowl to make a thick paste. Apply the paste on the skin and massage in circular motions for 1-2 minutes, then rinse with warm water.
• Face lotion: Aronia contains antioxidants that help fight the signs of skin aging. To make a facial lotion, mix 1 tablespoon freshly squeezed chokeberry juice, 1 tablespoon rose water, and 1 tablespoon glycerin in a bowl. Apply the lotion to your face in the morning and evening after cleansing your skin.

Attention! Before use, consult with a specialist!

Aronia chokeberry (chokeberry Michurin, chokeberry), Aronia melanocarpa. Tips for growing, harvesting and storing

Aronia chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa) is a plant that is highly resistant to various climatic conditions and unpretentious in care.

Tips for growing, harvesting and storing chokeberry:

Cultivation:

• Lighting: Aronia chokeberry prefers bright sunlight, but can also be grown in semi-shady areas.
• Soil: Aronia chokeberry is grown in a variety of soil types, but prefers fertile, well-drained soils with a pH of 5.0-6.5.
• Planting: Aronia chokeberry should be planted at a depth equal to the size of the plant's root, at a distance of 1-1.5 m between plants. It can be grown outdoors or in pots or containers.
• Care: Aronia chokeberry needs regular watering during growth and flowering, as well as fertilizing with organic fertilizers at the beginning of the season. Plants should be pruned every year to improve yield and bush form.

Preparation and storage:

• Harvesting: Aronia berries are harvested in late summer or early autumn when they ripen. The berries can be used to make jams, preserves, juice, tea, or drying.
• Storage: Aronia berries can be stored in the refrigerator for several weeks. They can also be frozen or dried for longer storage.

Aronia chokeberry is a plant that can be easily grown in your garden and used in cooking and medicine. It is a source of beneficial vitamins, minerals and antioxidants that help maintain health and fight various diseases.

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