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Cherry plum (spread plum, cherry plum). Legends, myths, symbolism, description, cultivation, methods of application

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Content

1. Photos, basic scientific information, legends, myths, symbolism
2. Basic scientific information, legends, myths, symbolism
3. Botanical description, reference data, useful information, illustrations
4. Recipes for use in traditional medicine and cosmetology
5. Tips for growing, harvesting and storing

Cherry plum (spread plum, cherry plum), Prunus divaricata. Photos of the plant, basic scientific information, legends, myths, symbolism

Basic scientific information, legends, myths, symbolism

Sort by: Alycha (Prunus cerasifera)

Family: Pink (Rosaceae)

Origin: Cherry plum comes from Southwest Asia and Eastern Europe, where it has been cultivated for over 2000 years.

Area: Cherry plum is found in Europe, Asia and North Africa. It is grown in various regions of the world, including North America and Australia.

Chemical composition: Cherry plum contains vitamins C, E, K and B, as well as calcium, iron, magnesium, phosphorus and potassium. It is also rich in bioactive substances, including anthocyanins, flavonoids and carotenoids.

Economic value: Cherry plum is widely used in cooking for making jams, compotes and jams, as well as for the production of alcoholic beverages, such as plum brandy. Cherry plum is popular in landscape design due to its bright colors and decorative effect. In medicine, it is used as a means to strengthen the immune system, antiseptic and analgesic. Cherry plum peel is sometimes used as a natural dye.

Legends, myths, symbolism: In one of the English folk tales, the cherry plum is a magical tree that can grant wishes. According to legend, if you go out into the garden and make a wish, squeezing a cherry plum berry in your hand, then the wish will come true. In other cultures, cherry plum is associated with purity and virginity. In medieval Europe, cherry plum was considered a symbol of innocence, and in some countries of the Middle East it is used as a symbol of marriage. In symbolism, cherry plum is associated with the beginning of a new cycle of life, restoration of strength and purity. Its bright flowers and beautiful fruits symbolize the beauty and richness of life, and its leaves and branches symbolize vitality. In ancient Slavic mythology, cherry plum was also associated with the beginning of spring, when the first flowers appear on its branches, symbolizing the renewal and rebirth of life after hibernation.

Cherry plum (spread plum, cherry plum), Prunus divaricata. Description, illustrations of the plant

Cherry plum, Prunus divaricata Ledeb. Botanical description, history of origin, nutritional value, cultivation, use in cooking, medicine, industry

Tree up to 13 m high, with a wide crown, prickly branches; rarely found in the form of a multi-stemmed bush. The leaves are elongated, pointed at the top, dark green above, light below. Flowers are medium sized, white. The fruit is a juicy drupe with a rough yellow, red or black skin. The stone is elongated, not separating from the pulp. Blooms in March - May.

Homeland cherry plum - Transcaucasia and Western Asia. Cultivation took place in prehistoric times. It is found mainly in the wild. In middle latitudes, it forms thickets on shaded slopes, in river valleys. This stone fruit culture is becoming increasingly important in the southern regions.

The plant is drought- and frost-resistant, characterized by precocity, high annual yield. Wild-growing cherry plum is propagated by seeds, root offspring, cultivated - by grafting. Currently, 35 varieties and hybrids of cherry plum have been released. On a personal plot, it is placed together with other crops. Annual seedlings are planted in spring or autumn in deeply cultivated soil. Caring for them consists in weeding, loosening the soil, regular watering. Cherry plum begins to bear fruit in the third or fourth year. The fruits ripen in July. The tree lives and bears fruit for 100-120 years.

Cherry plum fruits are rich in sugars, pectin substances. They contain carotene, vitamins C, PP, B1, B2, organic acids (mainly malic and citric acids); from mineral substances there is a lot of sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus and iron.

The fruits are used for medicinal purposes. In folk medicine, cherry plum juice diluted with water with a small amount of camphor is used to make lotions for poorly healing wounds. The same remedy is used for coughs and sore throats.

Sweet, fragrant, with a pleasant sourness, cherry plum fruits are eaten both fresh and processed. Due to the large amount of pectin substances, they have a good gelling ability, so low-sugar compote, jam, marmalade, jelly can be prepared from cherry plum. A very tasty jam is made from cherry plum. In the Caucasus, it is boiled, rubbed through a sieve, boiled until a thick mass is formed, poured into a flat dish and dried in the sun, and then used all year round as a seasoning for various dishes.

Prussian blue dye is obtained from cherry plum seed kernels, and yellow dye is obtained from the bark and young leaves. Fine turning and joinery products are made from solid, durable red-brown wood.

The tree is decorative. Its forms with dark red foliage adorn many parks and gardens. Gardeners use cherry plum as a rootstock for cultivated forms of plum, apricot, and peach. Cherry plum is an obligatory component of forest belts.

Authors: Kretsu L.G., Domashenko L.G., Sokolov M.D.

Cherry plum (spread plum). reference Information

Tree or shrub of the rose family.

The species is represented by two subspecies - tkemali and cherry plum. Cherry plum is distinguished by the absence of thorns and a clearly expressed groove with a depression at the base of the fruit (tkemal does not have such a groove). Cherry plum is widely distributed in the wild and in cultivation in the Caucasus, Central Asia, the Crimea, Moldova, southwestern Ukraine and other regions.

In Western Europe and the Mediterranean, it is widely cultivated (where it is known as "mirabelle"). Cherry plum fruits are rounded, as well as elongated or flattened, green, pink, red, dark purple or almost black. The bones do not separate from the pulp. The pulp is more often and in a mature state sour, but in some forms the acidity is weak.

The fruits of various varieties of cherry plum contain from 4 to 10% sugars (including fructose - 1,3-1,5%, glucose - 1,8-2, sucrose - 0,9-6,0), up to 20 mg% of vitamin C, up to 3 mg% of carotene, as well as malic and citric acids, pectin, tannins, nitrogenous and mineral substances.

Soft drinks, wines, liqueurs, compotes, marmalade, marshmallows are prepared from cherry plum fruits. From the pulp of boiled fruits, wiped through a sieve, dried, rolled and cut into strips, a delicious fortified pita bread is prepared. It is used not only as a seasoning for many meat dishes in cooking, but also as an antiscorbutic agent. Due to the large amount of pectins, cherry plum juice has a high gelling ability and forms a transparent golden jelly.

In folk medicine, lotions from cherry plum juice diluted with water with a small amount of camphor were used as a wound healing agent. Infusions and decoctions of fruits have proven to be a good therapeutic and dietary antitussive and anti-inflammatory agent for sore throats.

In some regions of Azerbaijan, gum collected from damaged cherry plum trunks is chewed to alleviate coughing fits.

Authors: Dudnichenko L.G., Krivenko V.V.

Plum splayed (cherry plum), Prunus cerasifera. Botanical description of the plant, area, methods of application, cultivation

Prickly branched multi-stemmed tree, sometimes a shrub, with thin brownish-green shoots, 3-10 meters high. The leaves are elliptical, pointed towards the apex. Flowers white or pink, solitary. Blooms in early May.

The fruits are rounded juicy green, yellow, pink, red, purple or almost black drupes up to 3 cm in diameter, sometimes elongated or flattened, with a slight wax coating and a weak longitudinal groove. The skin is thin and velvety. The pulp is juicy and fleshy, sweet and sour or sweet, has a pleasant aroma. The stone of the fruit is pointed and is poorly separated from the pulp. Ripen in August-September.

Fruit preparation. If the fruits are to be transported for a long time, then they are cut off 5-7 days before maturity. For culinary processing, cherry plum fruits are removed not quite ripe, but hard. If we are talking about eating fresh, then you need to cut them off completely ripe, that is, soft. When manually harvested, the fruits are cut off along with the stalk. At the same time, if possible, they retain a wax coating on them.

Cherry plum ripens unevenly on the tree. That is why harvesting usually lasts in several stages. Harvesting should be carried out in dry weather, because in rainy weather the fruits rot and become unsuitable for storage. Store them in boxes with gaps so that they have access to air.

Properly harvested fruits can be stored for two to three weeks at a temperature of +2...+5°C. Sometimes cherry plums harvested unripe ripen well in boxes.

In the wild and in cultivation, cherry plum is distributed in the mountainous areas of the Tien Shan, the Balkan Peninsula, Central and Asia Minor, Iran, the North Caucasus and Transcaucasia, Moldova and southern Ukraine. Cherry plum is cultivated in many countries of Asia and Europe.

Fruits contain a lot of sugars, there are malic and citric acids, vitamins A and B1, B2 and B3, PP and C. In large quantities, the fruits contain potassium and calcium, magnesium and phosphorus. There is a lot of iron in cherry plum. The calorie content of one hundred grams of the product is 28 kilocalories, so it serves as a good therapeutic and dietary fruit.

Cherry plum fruits are eaten fresh and canned. They are sweet and sour, they are used to prepare compotes, syrups, jams, marmalade, jelly, oriental marshmallow - pita bread from mashed plums dried in the sun, marmalade, juice, wine. They are the main component of the Tkemali sauce. And this fruit is also used as a raw material for the alcoholic beverage industry.

In addition to culinary use in the form of blanks for the winter, cherry plum is used as a laxative for children. Cherry plum oil perfectly heals wounds.

Cherry plum is useful both fresh and processed. It is recommended for children to improve growth, pregnant women, nursing mothers, the elderly, as well as chronic inflammatory lesions of the liver and biliary tract. Cherry plum is used for the prevention and treatment of scurvy, night blindness and other vitamin deficiencies, as well as constipation.

Due to the high content of pectins and fiber, cherry plum fruits contribute to the removal of radionuclides. The juice, often mixed with camphor, is used to treat poorly healing wounds and as an antitussive and diaphoretic for colds. An aqueous infusion of cherry plum flowers is used for diseases of the liver, kidneys and impotence. Gum mucus is used for stomach ulcers, as well as an antitussive and antiemetic.

Cherry plum bones also benefit. From them, an oil is obtained that is close in composition to almond oil - it is in the bones up to 41-43% of the weight (excluding the shell). Cherry plum oil, like almond oil, contains amygdalin glycoside, which has the ability to decompose into glucose, benzoic aldehyde and hydrocyanic acid in the presence of water and the emulsin enzyme.

Cherry plum oil is widely used in perfumery and in the production of medical soaps.

Cherry plum is propagated by layering, grafting and seeds. For better pollination in the garden, it is recommended to plant 2-3 varieties at the same time. In autumn, cherry plum remains in the juice for a long time, which is why its budding is postponed until late summer. It is not especially whimsical to the soil, but prefers dry soils, avoiding wet ones.

Cherry plum is sensitive to frost, and therefore, to obtain strong trees, it should be grafted at the very root.

Cherry plum. Interesting plant facts

Cherry plum (spread plum) is often referred to as wild plum. By the way, she is the sister of the plum, only the leaves are somewhat smaller, and the shoots are thinner. The fruits of the cherry plum are of the most diverse colors: golden yellow, orange, red, purple, lemon yellow and even variegated.

Cherry plum bears fruit annually, the fruits are sweet and sour, the pulp is tender, with a delicate aroma, although the skin is sour.

In the resorts of the Caucasus, wild cherry plums collected in the forests are sold in large quantities as exotic fruits.

Cherry plum fruits contain a lot of sugars, organic acids, vitamins, pectin substances, which contribute to the gelling of products made from fruits - jam and marmalade, marmalade, jelly. All cherry plum products are distinguished by a delicate strong aroma that lasts for a long time. Cherry plum gives excellent, with original pleasant acidity, juices, syrups, extracts, liqueurs. Cherry plum products preserved with sugar are distinguished by a pleasant golden color and transparency.

Cherry plum: 1 - branch with fruits; 2 - longitudinal section of the fetus

In Central Asia, cherry plum is dried for kissels and compotes. In the Caucasus, lavash is prepared from the fruit. The fruits are crushed in a tub or mortar until a homogeneous mass is obtained, from which the bones are then removed and poured into a thin layer on boards, dense fabric, baking sheets and dried in the sun.

Dry lavash resembles a pancake with a thickness of about 0,5 cm. To prevent the lavash plates from sticking together when it is rolled into tubes, the surface is sprinkled with flour from dried wild olive fruits or starch.

Lavash is used to prepare stuffing for pies, seasonings for meat dishes. Cherry plum fruits are part of delicious canned assorted compotes.

Author: Reva M.L.

Cherry plum. plant history

Wild plum - cherry plum grows in the mountains of the Caucasus, under the shade of large trees - walnut or oak.

If they are then cut down, the cherry plum grows and gives many fruits.

Cherry plum is also bred in gardens. It comes in different varieties - with yellow, red and black fruits.

Another relative of the home plum is the turn. This is a low, waist-deep shrub. Very prickly: all branches and trunks with thorns. The fruits of the blackthorn are gray, like blueberries, and just as small. They are sour.

The blackthorn grows in the steppes in such large thickets that in autumn, when the fruits ripen, the steppes seem blue like the sea.

And where did the house plum come from? Botanists found out that she is a child of thorns and cherry plums.

The homeland of the plum is Asia Minor, the Caucasus and Northern Iran.

Now many varieties of homemade plums are grown.

Author: Smirnov A.

Cherry plum (spread plum, cherry plum), Prunus divaricata. Recipes for use in traditional medicine and cosmetology

Ethnoscience:

• To treat diarrhea: prepare a decoction of dried cherry plums, pour 1 cup of boiling water over 1 tablespoon of dried cherry plums and leave for 10 minutes. Drink the resulting infusion 2-3 times a day until recovery. Cherry plum has a strong adsorbent effect, which can help eliminate diarrhea.
• For the treatment of a runny nose: prepare a decoction of dried cherry plums, pour 1 cup of boiling water over 1 tablespoon of dried cherry plums and leave for 10 minutes. Drink the resulting infusion 2-3 times a day until the symptoms of a runny nose are eliminated.
• For the treatment of cough: mix 1 tablespoon of honey with 1 tablespoon of fresh cherry plum juice. Drink this mixture 2-3 times a day until complete recovery. Plum contains many beneficial substances that help improve the function of the respiratory tract.
• For the treatment of anemia: prepare a decoction of dried cherry plums, pour 1 cup of boiling water over 1 tablespoon of dried cherry plums and leave for 10 minutes. Drink the resulting infusion 2-3 times a day to increase the level of hemoglobin in the blood.

Cosmetology:

• Mask for the face: mix 2 tablespoons of fresh cherry plum juice with 1 tablespoon of honey and apply on face for 10-15 minutes. This mask will help moisturize and nourish the skin, improve its texture and color.
• Face tonic: prepare a decoction of dried cherry plums, pour 1 cup of boiling water over 1 tablespoon of dried cherry plums and leave for 10-15 minutes. Leave the infusion to cool, then strain and use as a facial tonic. Tonic will help moisturize and refresh the skin, reduce inflammation and irritation.
• Body Scrub: Mix 1 cup crushed dried cherry plums with 1 cup oil (such as olive oil or coconut oil) and 1 cup sea salt. Apply the resulting mixture on the body and massage for 5-10 minutes, then rinse with warm water. This scrub will help remove dead skin cells, improve its texture and color.
• Massage oil: Mix 1 cup fresh cherry plum with 1 cup olive oil and infuse for 2-3 weeks. After that, strain and use the resulting oil for massage. The oil will help moisturize and nourish the skin, improve its texture and color, as well as relieve tension and improve blood circulation in the tissues.

Attention! Before use, consult with a specialist!

Cherry plum (spread plum, cherry plum), Prunus divaricata. Tips for growing, harvesting and storing

Growing cherry plum can be easy and fun.

Tips for growing, harvesting and storing cherry plum:

Cultivation:

• Cherry plum prefers a sunny or semi-shady place and fertile, well-drained soil. It can grow both in open ground and in pots on a balcony or in an apartment.
• Plant cherry plum seedlings in spring or autumn, leaving a distance of 1-1,5 meters between plants.
• The plant does not require special care, but regular watering and top dressing have a beneficial effect on the crop.

Workpiece:

• Harvest cherry plums when they are ripe and soft to the touch.
• Cherry plum can be consumed fresh, made from it jam, compotes and other desserts.
• To dry the cherry plum, you need to cut it in half, remove the seeds and dry it in the oven at a temperature of 50-60 degrees until fully cooked.

Storage:

• Store fresh cherry plum in the refrigerator in a container with a lid for no more than 2-3 days.
• Dried cherry plum can be stored in a dry place at room temperature for several months.
• For long-term storage, cherry plum can be frozen by cutting it in half and placing it in the freezer in a container or bag.

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