Care of the injured and sick. Baths hygienic, general and local medical

FUNDAMENTALS OF FIRST AID
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Care of the injured and sick. Baths hygienic, general and local medical

Fundamentals of First Aid (OPMP)

Baths distinguish hygienic, general and local medical. Depending on the temperature of the water, therapeutic baths are cold (below 20°С), cool (20-33°C), indifferent (34-36°C), warm (37-39°C), hot (40°C and above). The duration of the bath is distinguished short-term (1-5 min), medium duration (15-30 min), long (few hours).

Water, due to its high heat capacity and thermal conductivity, is a good medium for applying thermal irritation to the skin. Mechanical irritation causes water pressure on the surface of human skin, which is especially pronounced during such water procedures as taking a shower, swimming in a pond, underwater massage, etc. A significant place among therapeutic baths is occupied by coniferous, mustard and the so-called chemically active - with substances dissolved in water. For example, baths marine, carbonic, hydrogen sulfide, radon etc.

The most active effect on the human body is provided by general hygienic and therapeutic baths, in which almost the entire body of the patient is immersed in water, while his position is semi-lying, with the water level up to the nipples, and behind - to the angle or middle third of the shoulder blades.

Indications for shared baths are functional diseases of the central nervous system, asthenic syndromes as a result of acute diseases. In addition, common baths are used for the purpose of prevention and hardening of the body. For hardening, they carry out cool rubdowns, douches, take a cool shower, bath, bathe in open water. General cool baths, showers excite the nervous system, cause a rush of blood to the skin, increase muscle tone, and improve metabolism. After a full course of treatment (4-6 weeks), the body's resistance to colds increases.

Shared hot tubs relax the muscles, relieve pain, excite the cardiovascular system, increase the pulse to 100-120 beats per minute, increase blood pressure, increase sweating. They are prescribed for hepatic, renal, intestinal colic. The duration of hot baths is 5-10 minutes, while cold is placed on the head.

Shared warm baths carried out both for hygienic and therapeutic purposes. Warm baths lasting 25-30 minutes calm the nervous system, help normalize vascular tone and improve sleep. Long-term baths of indifferent temperature are used for skin diseases, pathologies of the nervous system with pain syndrome, and mental illness with excitation.

Shared cold baths lasting 1-3 minutes, they have a general tonic effect, stimulating the functions of the nervous and cardiovascular systems, and increase metabolism. They are prescribed for hardening and obesity.

local baths Distinguish seated, manual, foot. Sitz baths are used for diseases of the abdominal cavity, small pelvis and soft tissues, cold and cool are effective for hemorrhoids, intestinal lethargy, warm are prescribed for analgesic purposes and for various inflammatory processes.

Hot hand and foot baths used for residual effects after inflammatory processes on the skin, muscles, joints, nerves. Hand and foot baths are also used as a distraction for diseases of the heart and lungs.

General contraindications for the use of baths are diseases of the cardiovascular system during decompensation, pulmonary tuberculosis, tumors, a tendency to bleeding and diseases that occur with severe exhaustion of the patient.

The bath must be prepared in strict accordance with the doctor's prescription. In this case, it is necessary to monitor the general condition of the patient, the readings of the pulse, pressure, respiration, as well as the time of the procedure. A normal reaction to a water procedure is expressed in a feeling of warmth, a feeling of freshness, cheerfulness; the skin turns pink, warm to the touch.

After the bath, the patient is wiped dry, put on underwear, covered with a sheet or blanket and laid in bed for 30 minutes.

Authors: Aizman R.I., Krivoshchekov S.G.

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