Care of the injured and sick. Warming the patient

FUNDAMENTALS OF FIRST AID
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Care of the injured and sick. Warming the patient

Fundamentals of First Aid (OPMP)

It is advisable to warm the patient even before placing the patient in bed by placing heating pads or bottles of water under the covers. When laying the patient in bed with heating pads, care must be taken, since they, in contact with the skin of the patient, especially in an unconscious state, can cause severe burns.

Local application of heat. Heat can be applied in the form of warm local baths, warm compresses, heating pads (electric heating pads or rubber bladders, or bottles filled with hot water). The bottles are wrapped in a towel. Napkins are laid between the heating pad and the skin. It is necessary from time to time to check whether the heating pad burns and whether water flows from it. ,

Warm compress - a dressing applied for therapeutic purposes and providing moist heat. It is used as a distraction, absorbable and analgesic.

To apply a warming compress, you need to have linen or gauze folded in several layers, oilcloth or compress paper, cotton wool, bandage, water at room temperature. The compress consists of three layers. A piece of cloth is moistened with water, wrung out, applied to clean and dry skin, covered with compress paper or oilcloth. The oilcloth should be 2-3 cm larger than the piece of fabric and completely cover it. A sufficient layer of cotton wool is applied over the compress paper to retain the heat generated under the compress. The layer of cotton wool should go 2-3 cm beyond the layer of oilcloth. The compress is bandaged so that it fits snugly to the body, does not move and does not squeeze the vessels. The compress is kept for 6-8 hours, then removed, the skin is wiped dry. Apply a dry bandage, which is changed twice a day - in the morning and at night.

The correctness of the application of the compress is checked after 1-2 hours by putting a finger under the bandage. If the inner layer of cotton wool is moist, then the compress is applied correctly.

As a result of the action of heat that occurs under the bandage, a long-term expansion of blood vessels occurs, blood flow increases, metabolic processes increase, which contributes to the resorption of inflammatory foci and pain relief. A warming compress is used to accelerate the resorption of local inflammatory processes (in the skin, subcutaneous adipose tissue, in the joints) and to relieve pain.

To reduce skin maceration and increase the analgesic effect of a warming compress, its inner layer is moistened not with water, but with drug solutions, oils and ointments: 5% ethyl alcohol solution, 10% sodium salicylate solution, camphor oil, Vishnevsky ointment, etc. Alcoholic or vodka compresses dry out faster, so they should be changed more often.

Warmer - rubber bag with screw cap. The heating pad is half filled with hot water, then the air is forced out and hermetically sealed. The air from the heating pad is removed so that it has a flat shape and fits more closely to the body. To avoid burns, a heating pad is never placed on a naked area of \uXNUMXb\uXNUMXbthe body. It should be wrapped in a towel and placed over linen or even on a blanket if the water is very hot. First you need to check the integrity of the heating pad, the fit of the cork, otherwise the patient is in danger of being burned. Periodically it is necessary to control the temperature and the correct position of the heating pad.

More convenient to use heating pads. They provide even, controllable, consistent warmth.

Contraindications for the use of heating pads are bleeding, acute diseases of the abdominal cavity, fresh injuries, malignant tumors, tuberculosis.

Authors: Aizman R.I., Krivoshchekov S.G.

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