Care of the injured and sick. Application of cold

FUNDAMENTALS OF FIRST AID
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Care of the injured and sick. Application of cold

Fundamentals of First Aid (OPMP)

Cold It has the opposite effect of heat: it constricts blood vessels, reduces blood supply to the corresponding area, lowers the threshold of excitability of nerve endings, helps to limit the spread of the inflammatory process and stop bleeding.

Very widely, especially in surgical practice, local cold is used. To do this, use a rubber bladder with a screw cap that closes the wide throat. Having unscrewed the lid of the bubble, fill it up to half with small pieces of ice, snow or cold water, release the air, squeezing the bubble, and screw the cork tightly. An ice pack is placed on the patient's body through linen or it is pre-wrapped with a towel. In the absence of a bubble, it is easy to replace it with a plastic bag in which you can put ice and snow or pour cold water, tightly tying it. In extreme cases, you can wrap the ice and snow in oilcloth.

Sometimes a cold compress is used instead of an ice pack. To do this, a cotton cloth (napkin) folded in several layers is moistened in ice water, squeezed out and applied to the patient's body. Since the compress warms up after 1-2 minutes, take 2 napkins: while one is on the diseased area, the other is cooled. Napkins are changed every 1-3 minutes. This is done for an hour or more. Cold compresses are used on the first day after bruises, in acute local inflammatory processes to reduce the blood supply to an organ or part of the body, nosebleeds (on the bridge of the nose), palpitations (on the heart area), fever (on the head).

Authors: Aizman R.I., Krivoshchekov S.G.

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