Resuscitation in circulatory arrest

FUNDAMENTALS OF FIRST AID
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Resuscitation in circulatory arrest

Fundamentals of First Aid (OPMP)

The cessation of heart activity can occur under the influence of a variety of reasons (drowning, suffocation, gas poisoning, electric shock and lightning, cerebral hemorrhage, myocardial infarction and other heart diseases, heat stroke, blood loss, direct blow to the heart area, burns, freezing etc.) and in any environment - in the hospital, dentist's office, at home, on the street, at work. In any of these cases, at the disposal of the person producing resuscitation, there is only 3-4 minutes to make a diagnosis and restore the blood supply to the brain. There are two types of cardiac arrest: asystole (true cardiac arrest) and fibrillation (flutter) of the ventricles, when certain fibers of the heart muscle contract chaotically, uncoordinated. Both in the first and in the second case, the heart stops "pumping" blood, and the blood flow in the vessels stops.

The main symptoms of cardiac arrest that allow for a quick diagnosis are:

loss of consciousness;
lack of pulse, including on the carotid and femoral arteries;
absence of heart sounds;
respiratory arrest;
pallor or cyanosis of the skin and mucous membranes;
dilated pupils;
convulsions that may appear at the time of loss of consciousness and be the first noticeable symptom of cardiac arrest.

These symptoms convincingly indicate a circulatory arrest and that one should not waste a second on an additional examination (measuring blood pressure, determining the pulse rate) or looking for a doctor, but it is necessary to immediately begin resuscitation - heart massage and artificial respiration. It should be remembered that cardiac massage should always be carried out simultaneously with artificial respiration, as a result of which the circulating blood is supplied with oxygen. Otherwise, resuscitation is meaningless.

Currently, two types of heart massage are used - open, or straight, which is used only during operations on the organs of the chest cavity, and closed, outdoor, passed through the unopened chest.

Authors: Aizman R.I., Krivoshchekov S.G.

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