Cerebral circulation disorders. Health care

FUNDAMENTALS OF FIRST AID
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Cerebral circulation disorders. Health care

Fundamentals of First Aid (OPMP)

Disorders of cerebral circulation may be transient (cerebral vascular crisis), s the rapid disappearance of all painful phenomena. Such disorders often precede the development of a stroke. Disorders of cerebral circulation often occur with hypertension (due to spasm of cerebral vessels), with atherosclerosis and heart disease. Their development is facilitated by overvoltage, prolonged exposure to the sun or in a hot and stuffy room. The brain crisis lasts from several minutes to several days.

A more severe cerebrovascular accident is called brain stroke. In this case, loss of consciousness occurs due to cerebral hemorrhage or blockage of cerebral vessels. Hemorrhage occurs more often in patients with hypertension, blockage of blood vessels - in cardiovascular diseases. Atherosclerosis causes changes in the walls of the vessels supplying the brain and, as a result, narrowing of their lumen. With this disease and with other lesions, the formation of clots is possible, which clog the lumen of one of the cerebral vessels.

Evidence

Disorders of cerebral circulation are characterized by a sudden increase in headaches, dizziness, noise in the head; sensation of heat, dry mouth, nausea, vomiting; feeling of numbness and "goosebumps", more often on the limbs; sometimes loss of consciousness. The patient is stunned, the skin of the face is reddened or pale; profuse sweating, weakness, impaired limb movements, speech disorder, facial asymmetry are noted. A more severe picture of the disease develops with a cerebral stroke. Painful phenomena at the onset of the disease are not always clear, and it is difficult to clarify the causes of cerebrovascular accidents.

With hemorrhages, a sudden deep loss of consciousness occurs; pulse slow, tense; characterized by complete or incomplete paralysis of the arms and legs. The patient falls, his breath is hoarse, his mouth is half open.

With blockage of the cerebral vessels, the loss of consciousness is often incomplete or occurs more slowly, the pulse is frequent, weak, nausea, vomiting, and respiratory failure are noted; symptoms of the disease develop gradually. A stroke in hypertensive patients is usually accompanied by reddening of the face. With circulatory disorders in older people who do not suffer from hypertension, the skin of the face is pale. A stroke can be complicated by collapse, swelling of the brain and lungs, and also give a picture of clinical death.

First aid

In view of the fact that at the beginning of the disease it is difficult to determine whether all the phenomena will be transient or a cerebral stroke will develop, the measures of assistance should be the same as for a stroke. The patient should be placed in complete rest in the supine position. If the patient suffered from hypertension and took any vasodilating drugs (papaverine, no-shpa, etc.), it is necessary to give them to him. In case of heart disease, the patient should also be given the medicines that he used. Don't try to bring him back to consciousness. In the event of cerebrovascular accidents, especially in a serious condition of patients, they can be transported only at the direction of a doctor, after providing the necessary assistance at home.

When the patient's face is reddened and he has hypertension, it is necessary to give an elevated position to the head and apply an ice pack or cold lotions to the head, mustard plasters and heating pads to the calf muscles. To avoid burns, heating pads are placed on top of the blanket. In case of violation of cerebral circulation (in the absence of hypertension), accompanied by pallor, an elderly patient should not raise his head, use mustard plasters and a heating pad - in this case, it is necessary to take medicines that improve heart activity: validol, valocordin and cordiamine. In the absence of consciousness, the general measure of assistance will be the provision of airway patency.

Authors: Aizman R.I., Krivoshchekov S.G.

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