Gastric lavage. Medical care for a child

FUNDAMENTALS OF FIRST AID
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Gastric lavage. Medical care for a child

Fundamentals of First Aid (OPMP)

Gastric lavage indicated for food poisoning, intestinal infections, chemical poisoning, medicinal substances, undigested food accumulated in the stomach in acute digestive disorders. In these cases, timely gastric lavage as first aid is one of the main measures that prevent the absorption of toxic or poisonous substances into the blood, preventing a complicated course of the disease. Even poisoning with large doses of harmful substances has a milder course and, as a rule, ends favorably if gastric lavage is carried out in a timely manner.

It is necessary to wash the stomach correctly. Only then will the procedure help and even save the life of the affected child (for example, in case of serious poisoning).

Solutions for gastric lavage

A solution of potassium permanganate (potassium permanganate) is pale pink. It must be filtered through a paper filter or simply four-layer gauze, since small crystals of potassium permanganate that do not dissolve in water can cause burns to the mucous membrane of the esophagus or stomach. The disadvantage of potassium permanganate solution is that it irritates the gastric mucosa, so its use is undesirable in case of acute digestive disorders.

Salt solution is water with the addition of table salt (2-3 tablespoons per 5-10 liters of liquid). The saline solution causes a spasm (narrowing) of the exit from the stomach and prevents the passage of poison or toxins from the stomach into the intestines.

For children under 3 years old, for the prevention of violations of water and electrolyte metabolism, gastric lavage is carried out with an isotonic solution of sodium chloride (it can be purchased at a pharmacy).

The solution with the use of sorbents is the most effective. Sorbents are substances that tend to bind and remove toxins, poisons, microbes, food and bacterial allergens from the body. These include activated charcoal. For the gastric lavage solution, powder 5 to 10 charcoal tablets and mix them with boiled water.

Such enterosorbents are very effective: enterosgel or polysorb in the form of a 1-2% aqueous suspension (1 teaspoon of the drug with a top of 100 ml of boiled water).

In case of acid poisoning, a 2% soda solution is used, in case of alkali poisoning, a solution of citric acid is used.

Gastric lavage technique

1. Warm the gastric lavage liquid to 35-37°C. This is necessary in order to prevent the child from cooling down and to slow down intestinal motility in order to prevent the movement of toxic substances through the gastrointestinal tract.

2. The total amount of liquid for washing the stomach of a child aged 6-9 months should be 600-800 ml, 9-12 months - 800-1000 ml, older than 1 year - 1 liter of liquid per year of life, but not more than 10 liters. The stomach should be washed in several steps, each of which should end with a cleansing of the stomach.

3. Seat the child on a chair, cover his chest with a towel or oilcloth, bring a large bowl to your mouth or place a basin on the floor.

4. Start artificially inducing vomiting in a child. To do this, using the handle of a spoon, gently press on the base of the tongue or soft palate.

5. If the child is too weak and is in bed, turn his head on its side so that it is lower than the body. Then lift the pelvis to vomit.

6. Gastric lavage should be carried out to clean washings.

7. After vomiting, rinse the child's mouth with warm boiled water.

Author: Basharova N.A.

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