Foreign body in the airways. Medical care for a child

FUNDAMENTALS OF FIRST AID
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Foreign body in the airways. Medical care for a child

Fundamentals of First Aid (OPMP)

On hit foreign body in the respiratory tract the child must be helped immediately so that he does not suffocate. This is more important than running to the phone to call an ambulance. If you find yourself alone, call your neighbors for help. If you have an assistant, then one person should help the child, the other should call the doctor. Even if you managed to free the child's airways from a foreign body and the child seems to be quite healthy, do not cancel the ambulance call. The doctor should examine the child and listen to his lungs to make sure that there are no foreign particles left in them. Sometimes a chest x-ray is needed.

Symptoms in an infant up to a year

The child is suffocating and cannot scream.

The baby makes wheezing noises while trying to cough.

The child's face begins to turn blue.

Symptoms in children older than one year

Suddenly, while eating or playing with various objects, a strong cough appears, it is difficult for the child to breathe (the breath is lengthened), the face becomes cyanotic. In this case, the foreign body got into the larynx or trachea.

In the presence of a movable foreign body in the trachea, a popping sound is sometimes heard during screaming and coughing.

If a foreign body gets into the bronchi, then a paroxysmal ineffective cough appears, the child is frightened, restless.

First aid for an infant

1. To find out if the child is conscious, rub him on the back or pat on the shoulder. If he does not respond, proceed with the first aid described below.

2. Holding the head and neck firmly with your hand and without bending the child's back, lay him on a hard surface face up and expose his chest.

3. Use your thumb and forefinger to open your child's mouth and press down on the tongue with your thumb. If you see a foreign body in your throat and see that it can be removed, do so.

4. Look and listen to see if the child is breathing.

5. To keep your tongue out of your windpipe, lift your chin and tilt your head back. The child's mouth must remain open. Place your ear close to your baby's mouth to hear his breathing and see if his chest is moving.

6. After 5 seconds, if the child is not breathing, begin artificial respiration.

ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION

Place two fingers of your free hand on the baby's sternum just below the nipples.

Within 5 seconds, sharply press your fingers 4 times on the sternum so that the sternum drops 1,5-2,5 cm each time.

Without changing the position of the child's head, tightly wrap your lips around his nose and mouth. Take two slow, gentle breaths for a second each, with a pause in between.

If the chest does not rise during artificial respiration, change the position of the child's head and give two breaths of air.

If the baby's chest still doesn't move, place the baby face down on your arm so that their chest is in your palm, and wrap your thumb and forefinger around the lower jaw. Sit down and place your child's hand on your hip or knee. Lower the child's head below his torso.

Within 5 seconds, with the palm of your free hand, apply four sharp blows to the back between the shoulder blades.

Transfer the child to the other hand face up. Place your hand on your hip or knee. Keep the child's head lower than his torso.

If the foreign body cannot be removed, give the child two blows of air, apply four blows to the back, make four pressures on the chest, and again look into the throat. Repeat these steps until the foreign body is pushed out or until the doctor arrives.

First aid for a child older than a year if he is conscious but suffocating

Stand behind the child and wrap your arms around him at waist level.

Squeeze your hand into a fist. Grab your fist with your other hand. Press the thumb of the fist to the middle of the child's abdomen just above the navel (that is, well below the sternum).

With your elbows forward, with quick, sharp movements, press your fist on the child's stomach, directing your movements deep and upward.

Continue pressing on the abdomen until the foreign body is pushed out, the doctor arrives, or until the child loses consciousness.

If the child is unconscious

To find out if the child is conscious, lightly shake his shoulder and call his name. If he does not respond, proceed to first aid.

Holding the head and neck firmly with your hand and without bending the child's back, lay him on a hard surface face up and expose his chest.

Use your thumb and forefinger to open your child's mouth and press down on the tongue with your thumb. If you see a foreign body in your throat and see that it can be removed, do so.

Look and listen to see if the child is breathing.

To prevent the tongue from obstructing the windpipe, lift the child's chin and move the head back. The child's mouth must remain open.

Place your ear close to your baby's mouth to hear his breathing and see if his chest is moving.

After 5 seconds, if the child is not breathing, begin artificial respiration. Without changing the position of the child's head, pinch his nose with your thumb and forefinger and press your mouth firmly against his mouth. Take two slow full breaths, with a pause in between.

If the chest does not move during artificial respiration, change the position of the child's head and take two more breaths of air.

If the baby's chest is still not moving, start pressing on the abdomen.

Kneel at the child's feet, or, dropping to the floor, wrap your knees around his hips. Place the protrusion of your palm on the middle of the child's abdomen just above the navel (that is, well below the sternum). Put your other hand on top.

Make ten sharp pressures on the child's stomach, directing your movements upwards.

Foreign body in the ear or nose

Children often put foreign objects in their noses and ears. It can be small coins, buttons, designer parts, sweets. In summer, insects can get into the ear. Toddlers often forget or are afraid to tell their parents about what happened, and foreign objects remain inside for a long time. At the first sign of a foreign body getting in, call an ambulance, and start first aid yourself.

Signs of a foreign body in the nose or ear

Bleeding.

Difficulty in nasal breathing.

Pain and discomfort in a child.

Fetid discharge from the nose, with impurities of blood (especially from one half).

First aid

If it gets into the ear of an insect, put a few drops of oil (olive, vaseline) or boric alcohol into the ear canal.

Reassure the child and ask him to blow his nose.

If you cannot see the foreign body, then do not try to remove it, as you can push the foreign object even further.

If you notice a foreign object in your nose or ear, grab it with your fingers or with rounded tweezers and pull it out.

In any case, wait for the doctor to examine the child.

Author: Basharova N.A.

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