Head injury. Medical care for a child

FUNDAMENTALS OF FIRST AID
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Head injury. Medical care for a child

Fundamentals of First Aid (OPMP)

Head injury may vary in severity. They are determined not by external signs (the size of the "bump" or bruise), as parents often think, but by the condition of the child. Common head injury symptoms sometimes appear immediately, but sometimes take hours to develop. If the child has fallen and hit his head, complains of weakness, nausea, dizziness or faints, vomiting is observed, then this is most likely a traumatic brain injury. The child needs to see a doctor immediately.

If the necessary treatment is not carried out even with the slightest concussion, the baby may later develop regular migraines, dizziness and fainting.

Head injury symptoms

Minor head injury

A bump or abrasion on the head.

A short acute period with vomiting, loss of consciousness, confusion or double vision.

Sometimes drowsiness within 1-2 hours.

Severe head injury

A bump or abrasion on the head.

Indomitable vomiting, prolonged loss of consciousness, memory loss, confusion, double vision, drowsiness, convulsions.

Clear or bloody discharge from the nose.

Inability to answer simple questions, follow directions, and move uninjured body parts.

When to see a doctor

If your child has any of the common symptoms of a severe head injury, call emergency services.

If your child has symptoms of a mild head injury, see a doctor.

First aid

1. Put the child to bed and call an ambulance.

2. Apply ice to the child's head by wrapping it in a towel (if ice is applied directly to the skin, it may cause frostbite), or a cold compress.

3. When bleeding, apply a sterile dressing that will prevent infection and stop the bleeding. If blood has seeped through the tissue, do not remove the tissue from the wound so as not to interfere with the formation of a blood clot. Lay another piece of fabric over the first piece. If you suspect a child has a skull fracture, do not apply direct pressure to the bleeding head wound.

4. If the wound on the head is not deep, cut the hair around the wound, wash it with warm soapy water and dry it gently.

5. Do not leave your child even for a minute. Check the basic vital functions - respiratory tract, respiration and circulation. And, if necessary, take on artificial respiration, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, or bleeding control.

6. If the child is vomiting and there is no reason to suspect a spinal injury, turn the child's head to the side so that he does not suffocate.

7. If you suspect a spinal injury, call a few helpers. Trying to keep the head, neck and back in a straight line, turn the child on its side.

8. If the injury is mild and there is no wound, then monitor the child's condition for 12-24 hours so as not to miss the development of a severe head injury.

ATTENTION!

If the child has lost consciousness, in no case should you try to sit or put him on his feet, pick him up or slap his cheeks to bring him to his senses. Do not shake or lift the child. Do not remove any objects stuck in the wound or protruding from the skull.

Author: Basharova N.A.

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