Paratrophy. Medical care for a child

FUNDAMENTALS OF FIRST AID
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Paratrophy. Medical care for a child

Fundamentals of First Aid (OPMP)

Paratrophy - this is excess weight caused by an unbalanced diet - the predominance of flour or dairy products in the child's diet and a deficiency of various vitamins. The disease is diagnosed in children of the first three years of life, if the body weight exceeds the corresponding figures by 10% or more.

An excess of carbohydrates in the child's diet leads to tension and depletion of the enzyme systems of the stomach, liver, pancreas, and intestines. In this case, dysbacteriosis occurs. The lack of vegetables and meat dishes creates a deficiency of potassium, sodium, magnesium, calcium in the body, which leads to a violation of mineral metabolism. And when the body is not provided with protein, vitamins (especially groups B, A, E, D, folic acid), conditions arise for the development of anemia, rickets, spasmophilia. Lack of vitamin B1 (thiamine) in the body leads to a deterioration in the energy supply of the body, the occurrence of intoxication. Particularly affected are the functions of the central nervous system, skeletal muscles and internal organs.

Protein and vitamin deficiency lead to a decrease in immunity, nonspecific protection. Therefore, such children often suffer from pneumonia, intestinal, respiratory viral and other infectious diseases. Paratrophy accompanies some allergic, endocrine and hereditary metabolic diseases.

Excess consumption of dairy and protein products is also harmful. It leads to functional disorders of the gastrointestinal tract. The protein binds free hydrochloric acid, inhibits the work of the pancreas, suppresses gastric secretion, the release of bile acids. Intestinal peristalsis is disturbed, constipation occurs, followed by intoxication of the body. Low acidity of gastric juice leads to impaired absorption of iron and the occurrence of iron deficiency anemia.

Symptoms of the disease

The child has pale skin, there is excessive deposition of fat in the subcutaneous tissue, a decrease in tissue elasticity and muscle tone.

Symptoms of rickets may be expressed.

Allergic reactions often occur.

The child looks full, well-fed. There is a tendency to disrupt the functioning of the intestine (constipation), dysbacteriosis, anemia.

Children with paratrophy often have a characteristic physique: a short neck, a wide chest, narrow shoulder blades, and rounded body shapes.

Frequent diaper rash in the natural folds of the skin.

A doctor should be contacted at the clinic if symptoms of paratrophy appear (emergency care is not required).

What to do before the doctor arrives

1. If the child is breastfed and has an excess of body weight for his age, then it is recommended to make fasting days, reducing the time of application to the breast to 7-10 minutes. At the same time, fat-free kefir can be used for supplementary feeding.

2. The decrease in the amount of milk must be compensated by the use of decoctions of wild rose, vegetable decoctions, fresh fruit juices.

3. It is necessary to limit the use of refined carbohydrates, cereals, flour products. Instead, use homogeneous vegetable and fruit purees, grated apples, bananas.

4. If necessary, replace part of the sugar with xylitol.

5. Completely exclude canned juices, condensed milk, high-calorie mixtures and drinks from the diet. Replace porridges and jelly with vegetable purees, soups without potatoes, zucchini dishes (they contain trace elements and vitamins).

6. To eliminate protein deficiency, protein enpit (a special dietary product), cottage cheese, protein milk, meat, fish dishes, mashed chicken or veal liver, yolk are used.

7. With protein eating disorders, part of the dairy products is replaced with vegetable and fruit purees, mashed vegetable soups. Rice, buckwheat and oatmeal must be cooked on vegetable broths. Give the child mousses, grated raw apples, homogeneous canned vegetable and fruit purees and compotes. Children of the first half of the year earlier (already at 3,5-4 months) are introduced vegetable complementary foods.

Author: Basharova N.A.

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