Food poisoning and gastrointestinal diseases. Health care

FUNDAMENTALS OF FIRST AID
Free library / Directory / Fundamentals of First Aid

Food poisoning and gastrointestinal diseases. Health care

Fundamentals of First Aid (OPMP)

Eating unhealthy foods can lead to food poisoning or acute indigestion. Symptoms of the disease - cramping abdominal pain, chills, acute diarrhea, excruciating nausea, decline in cardiac activity, fever. Since the food is prepared for all tourists, poisoning can affect most of the group at the same time and at the most unexpected moment (it should be borne in mind that the latent period of food poisoning lasts several hours).

Dietary disturbances, including long breaks in meals, dry meals, very hot or fatty foods, and drinking poor-quality water, can also lead to gastric diseases. Especially often beginner tourists who, not knowing how to fight thirst, quench it with water from polluted streams, swamps or puddles, and thereby introduce dangerous microorganisms or chemicals into their bodies, get sick especially often.

First aid for poisoning. First of all, you should flush the stomach by taking several glasses of warm water with soda until vomiting occurs. Repeat gastric lavage several times. Then you need to take an adsorbent (activated carbon, crushed crackers), a saline laxative, half a glass of a pale pink solution of potassium permanganate, tetracycline, bifidum-bacterin.

Subsequently, it is necessary to follow a strict diet, temperature control, condition, drink strong hot tea. Depending on the state of health of the patient, he should be transported or escorted to the doctor. Pain relievers are recommended for pain.

First aid for heartburn, pain in the stomach and its disorder. Treatment involves adherence to a diet. With heartburn, sour foods, black crackers, jelly, compote, sweets, as well as fried poultry and spices, including salt, are excluded or limited. Help milk, cereals (rice, buckwheat, semolina). Soda or powdered charcoal (carbolene, activated charcoal) will also relieve or reduce heartburn. For pain in the abdomen, a hot heating pad (heated sand, stone) is useful, from preparations - besalol 1 tablet 23 times a day, vikalin (1-2 tablets per dose), anestezin (1 tablet).

In case of stomach disorders, besalol is taken in the same dosage, levomycetin or enteroseptol 1 tablet (0,5 g) 4-6 times a day, bifidum-bacterin - 1 pack.

Suspicion of surgical disease. Acute surgical diseases of the abdominal organs (appendicitis, obstruction, ulcer, etc.) should not be confused with poisoning or acute gastrointestinal disease.

The most characteristic manifestation of appendicitis is mild pain in the upper abdomen, nausea, less often 1-2 times vomiting. After a few hours (sometimes immediately), the pain moves to the right half of the abdomen, down. Moreover, the cramping nature of pain and loose stools are not characteristic of the disease. Before providing medical assistance, cold should be applied to the right half of the abdomen (snow, cold water). Of the drugs inside - chloramphenicol. For unbearable pain and long-term transportation, a subcutaneous solution of promedol is recommended.

If acute surgical diseases are suspected, absolute hunger is necessary, the patient should not be given laxatives, you should not drink, urgent hospitalization is needed.

The required list of medical equipment included in the first-aid kit for a hike: an individual first-aid kit (AI-2), individual dressing bags, a tourniquet to stop bleeding, a tube for artificial lung ventilation, medical scarves, BF-2 glue, medical cans, ethyl alcohol, solutions iodine, brilliant green, synthomycin emulsion, potassium permanganate, saline laxative, activated carbon, hydrogen peroxide, albucide solution, acetylsalicylic acid, antibiotic (tetracycline, antibacterial and antiseptic drugs), belastezin, anti-snake serum.

Author: Mikhailov L.A.

We recommend interesting articles Section Fundamentals of First Aid:

▪ Heating

▪ Shock

▪ Urinary monitoring

See other articles Section Fundamentals of First Aid.

Read and write useful comments on this article.

<< Back

Latest news of science and technology, new electronics:

Machine for thinning flowers in gardens 02.05.2024

In modern agriculture, technological progress is developing aimed at increasing the efficiency of plant care processes. The innovative Florix flower thinning machine was presented in Italy, designed to optimize the harvesting stage. This tool is equipped with mobile arms, allowing it to be easily adapted to the needs of the garden. The operator can adjust the speed of the thin wires by controlling them from the tractor cab using a joystick. This approach significantly increases the efficiency of the flower thinning process, providing the possibility of individual adjustment to the specific conditions of the garden, as well as the variety and type of fruit grown in it. After testing the Florix machine for two years on various types of fruit, the results were very encouraging. Farmers such as Filiberto Montanari, who has used a Florix machine for several years, have reported a significant reduction in the time and labor required to thin flowers. ... >>

Advanced Infrared Microscope 02.05.2024

Microscopes play an important role in scientific research, allowing scientists to delve into structures and processes invisible to the eye. However, various microscopy methods have their limitations, and among them was the limitation of resolution when using the infrared range. But the latest achievements of Japanese researchers from the University of Tokyo open up new prospects for studying the microworld. Scientists from the University of Tokyo have unveiled a new microscope that will revolutionize the capabilities of infrared microscopy. This advanced instrument allows you to see the internal structures of living bacteria with amazing clarity on the nanometer scale. Typically, mid-infrared microscopes are limited by low resolution, but the latest development from Japanese researchers overcomes these limitations. According to scientists, the developed microscope allows creating images with a resolution of up to 120 nanometers, which is 30 times higher than the resolution of traditional microscopes. ... >>

Air trap for insects 01.05.2024

Agriculture is one of the key sectors of the economy, and pest control is an integral part of this process. A team of scientists from the Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Central Potato Research Institute (ICAR-CPRI), Shimla, has come up with an innovative solution to this problem - a wind-powered insect air trap. This device addresses the shortcomings of traditional pest control methods by providing real-time insect population data. The trap is powered entirely by wind energy, making it an environmentally friendly solution that requires no power. Its unique design allows monitoring of both harmful and beneficial insects, providing a complete overview of the population in any agricultural area. “By assessing target pests at the right time, we can take necessary measures to control both pests and diseases,” says Kapil ... >>

Random news from the Archive

Prolonged stay in weightlessness inflates the brain 17.06.2023

Prolonged stay in space under conditions of weightlessness can cause the expansion of the ventricles of the brain, and their recovery to normal size takes about three years after returning to Earth. This interesting discovery was made by researchers at the University of Florida who were studying the effect of space travel on the brain structure of astronauts on the International Space Station (ISS).

Inside our brain are cavities called ventricles, and they are filled with cerebrospinal fluid. This fluid performs important functions by providing nutrition and protection to the nervous tissue, as well as removing metabolic waste. However, a long stay in a space environment with zero gravity leads to changes in this system. The ventricles of the brain adapt to weightlessness and begin to expand. When astronauts return to Earth, it takes a long time for these ventricles to regain their normal size.

The study was conducted on 30 astronauts, including different groups according to the duration of space flights. As a result of the study of astronauts who spent about two weeks on the ISS, it was found that the size of the ventricles remained practically unchanged. However, during semi-annual and annual missions, the size of the ventricles increased significantly. Interestingly, there were no noticeable differences between semi-annual and annual flight participants, indicating a slowdown in the process of ventricular expansion over time.

It was also found that previous space flight experience influenced the change in the size of the ventricles. The size of the brain ventricles of astronauts participating in repeat space missions less than three years later remained virtually unchanged. However, if the interval between missions exceeded three years (in the studied group from three to nine years), the ventricles again began to increase in size. Based on this, the scientists concluded that in about three years the brain cavities restore their normal size, corresponding to earthly conditions.

This discovery is important for future space missions and planning for astronauts in space. Understanding the changes that occur in the brain under weightless conditions will help develop effective methods for protecting the nervous system and maintaining the health of crews during long space flights.

This new scientific data allows us to gain a deeper understanding of how the space environment affects the human body, especially its nervous system and brain. This opens up new opportunities for research and development of methods for protecting and adapting the body to space conditions, in order to ensure the safety and success of future missions to the ISS and further space exploration.

Other interesting news:

▪ Wireless charging for Toyota electric vehicles

▪ Electric train with a speed of 369 km/h

▪ Fish in outer space

▪ Metal cracks can heal

▪ Unsatisfied eyes tempt the stomach

News feed of science and technology, new electronics

Interesting materials of the Free Technical Library:

▪ section of the site Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering. Article selection

▪ article Blast furnace. History of invention and production

▪ article What Russian musical instrument do we call gypsy? Detailed answer

▪ article Equipment Cleaner. Job description