First aid for fractures

FUNDAMENTALS OF FIRST AID
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First aid for fractures

Fundamentals of First Aid (OPMP)

Providing first aid for fractures based on the creation of immobility (immobilization) of a limb or other part of the body in case of fractures. Therapeutic immobilization is carried out by a doctor, most often with a plaster cast. Transport immobilization is to provide first aid for fractures, and it is carried out at the scene in order to protect the injured part of the body from additional injury during the transportation of the victim to a medical facility.

At the scene, for temporary immobilization, tires are mainly used in the form of strips and gutters from various improvised materials, to which the damaged part of the body is fixed. In the absence of suitable improvised means, the injured arm is fixed to the body with a scarf or edge of clothing, and the leg is bandaged to a healthy leg, if necessary, replacing the bandages with towels or strips of some fabric.

Transport immobilization is carried out as early as possible; the tire is placed over clothes and shoes so as not to cause additional injury; the tire is wrapped with cotton wool or some kind of soft cloth; when applying splints, it is necessary to protect the bony protrusions with a tissue pad to prevent bedsores. In the presence of a wound, an aseptic bandage is first applied to it, and only after that immobilization is carried out.

If there is a need to apply a hemostatic tourniquet, it is applied before splinting, without covering with a bandage; at the same time, a note is placed under it indicating the time of its imposition. It is impossible to allow constriction of the limb with separate rounds of the bandage, as this can lead to circulatory disorders. Feeling of numbness, crawling, cyanosis of the fingers, serve as signs of compression of blood vessels and circulatory disorders. To do this, the bandage in the places of compression is cut or replaced, and the tire is applied again. In the cold season, in order to prevent sudden cooling or frostbite, the limb with the applied splint is wrapped warmly.

The most common mistake is to use too short tires that do not provide immobilization. It is necessary to fix at least two joints located above and below the damaged area in order to exclude the mobility of the damaged area. If the splint does not fit tightly to the injured limb, it does not fix the fracture site, it moves, causing additional trauma.

Transport immobilization is indicated for skull injuries, severe concussions, fractures of the cervical vertebrae; with damage to the upper limbs; forearm injuries; spinal and pelvic injuries; with fractures of the hip, leg and foot.

Author: Muradova E.O.

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