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OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
Instruction on labor protection for a laboratory worker
Occupational Safety and Health / Standard instructions for labor protection Safe Operation 1. General requirements for labor protection 1.1. The general organization of work on labor protection in the laboratory is assigned to the head doctor of the laboratory. The chief doctor of the laboratory is obliged to organize training and briefing of laboratory workers on safety precautions. 1.2. Persons at least 18 years of age who have passed a medical commission, trained and certified according to safety regulations when working with aggressive environments are allowed to work in the laboratory. 1.3. Laboratory assistants are allowed to work in the presence of the following personal protective equipment:
1.4. The laboratory room must be equipped with fire-fighting equipment (fire hose with a barrel, fire extinguishers). The head of the laboratory is appointed by order to be responsible for the fire safety of the laboratory. 1.5. In the laboratory premises, a personnel evacuation scheme should be developed and approved in case of fire or other emergencies. Escape doors must open outwards. 1.6. The laboratory must be equipped with supply and exhaust ventilation, have water supply, sewerage, gas and electricity supply, central heating and hot water supply. In addition to general ventilation, the laboratory room must be equipped with ventilation devices for extracting air from fume hoods. The speed of air movement in the section of cabinet doors open at 0,15-0,3 m should be at least 0,7 m/s and at least 1,5 m/s when working with especially harmful substances. 1.7. The number of reagents, flammable and combustible liquids in the laboratory should not exceed the daily requirement. 1.8. Each container of a chemical must be labeled with a clear name of the substance it contains and its concentration. On vessels with toxic substances, in addition, there should be an inscription "Poison". 1.9. All toxic substances must be stored in a metal safe. 1.10. Toxic substances must be issued for work on the written permission of the head of the laboratory. An act must be drawn up for the amount of toxic substances consumed. 1.11. All work related to rodenticides, including their packaging, preparation of baits, etc., treatment of objects (foci), must be carried out in overalls made of cotton or cloth, safety shoes, gloves or mittens (GOST 12.4.103-83) using personal protective equipment (PPE) of respiratory organs and eyes that meet safety requirements:
In addition, when packaging and laying out rodenticides, you should use a spoon, scoop, etc., excluding contact of the poison with the skin of the hands. 1.12. PPE is stored in separate lockers, in a specially designated room with sufficient natural or supply and exhaust ventilation. It is strictly forbidden to store them at home, as well as together with rodenticides and personal clothing. 1.13. All measures for the neutralization of clothing contaminated with raticides, washing, neutralization of vehicles, containers, utensils used in the process of work are carried out using PPE outdoors or in special rooms equipped with supply and exhaust ventilation. 1.14. When carrying out all work with rodenticides, be sure to follow the rules of personal hygiene. It is forbidden to smoke, drink and eat food in the processed room. It is necessary to avoid getting rodenticide concentrates and preparations based on them on the skin, eyes and mouth. Employees with scratches, wounds, skin irritations that contribute to the ingress of rodenticides into the body are not allowed to work. After work, it is necessary to wash hands, face and other open areas of the body with soap, on which the product could get; rinse your mouth with water. At the end of the shift (work), take a hygienic shower. Use skin softeners as needed. 1.15. Performers of deratization works should follow the measures that prevent the possibility of infection from rodents:
1.16. Specialized services must produce deratization coatings or baits in a specially equipped isolated room - a laboratory. The laboratory must have a separate entrance. It is forbidden to bring substances into it and adjacent rooms that have a sharp odor other than food, including disinfectants and disinsection agents. All work with poisonous materials - preparation of poisoned baits, packaging - should be carried out only in the specified laboratory under an exhaust hood. Preparation of poisoned baits outside the laboratory is strictly prohibited. It is forbidden to store food, eat food in the laboratory, the presence of unauthorized persons and pets is strictly prohibited. Documentation and change of clothes should be done outside the laboratory or in a specially designated section of it. 2. Labor protection requirements before starting work 2.1. Before starting work, check the condition of the workplace, inventory, as well as the cleanliness of the workplace. 2.2. Put on the prescribed overalls and other PPE. 2.3. Turn on the supply and exhaust ventilation 30 minutes before starting work. 3. Labor protection requirements during work 3.1. Perform only the work assigned to you by the head of the laboratory. 3.2. When performing work with increased danger, when working at night and in the evening, at least 2 people should be in the laboratory, while one is appointed as a senior. 3.3. When working with concentrated acids and alkalis without protective devices (glasses, gloves), work is prohibited. When working with fuming nitric acid with a specific gravity of 1,15-1,52, as well as with oleum, in addition to glasses and rubber gloves, a rubber apron should be worn. 3.4. When mixing concentrated solutions of caustic alkalis, it is necessary to wear goggles, and with large amounts of solutions, also rubber gloves and a rubberized apron. 3.5. When splitting large pieces of caustic alkali, it is necessary to wrap the pieces with a cloth or paper, put on goggles and tie a scarf over your head. 3.6. Concentrated nitric, sulfuric and hydrochloric acids should be stored in laboratories in thick-walled glassware with a capacity of no more than 2 liters, in a fume hood, on pallets. Flasks with fuming nitric acid should be stored in special stainless steel boxes. 3.7. Acids, alkalis, and other caustic liquids should be poured using glass siphons with a pear or some other injection device. 3.8. The spill of concentrated nitric, sulfuric and hydrochloric acids and work with them should be carried out only with the draft in the fume hood turned on. In this case, the doors of the fume hoods should be covered as far as possible. 3.9. The work of carrying acids and alkalis is carried out by specially trained persons, while they must observe the following rules:
3.10. Accumulation of dust, straw and other flammable substances should not be allowed in places where nitric acid is stored. 3.11. When diluting sulfuric acid, it should be slowly poured into water. The addition of water to acid is strictly prohibited. This operation should be carried out in porcelain glasses, because it is accompanied by strong heat. 3.12. The use of rubber hoses for pouring concentrated acids as a siphon is prohibited. 3.13. It is strictly forbidden to draw acids and alkalis into pipettes by mouth. For this purpose, a rubber pear should be used. 3.14. Draining of spent acid or alkali into the sewer is allowed only after preliminary neutralization. 3.15. The laboratory should have a first aid kit with a set of medicines for first aid. 4. Labor protection requirements in emergency situations 4.1. If acid or alkali is accidentally spilled, it is first covered with sand so that it absorbs them. Then the sand is removed and the place where the acid was spilled, the alkali is covered with lime or soda, and then washed with water and wiped dry. 4.2. In case of a chemical burn, immediately wash the affected area with plenty of running cold water from a tap, rubber hose or bucket for 15-20 minutes. If acid or alkali has got on the skin through clothes, then first you need to wash it off with water from the clothes, then rinse the skin. 4.3. If sulfuric acid in the form of a solid gets on the human body, it must be removed with dry cotton wool or a piece of cloth, and then the affected area should be thoroughly washed with water. With a chemical burn, it is not possible to completely wash off the chemicals with water. Therefore, after washing, the affected area is treated with a solution of baking soda (one teaspoon per glass of water). 4.4. If splashes of alkali or vapors get into the eyes and mouth, rinse the affected areas with plenty of water, and then with a solution of boric acid (0,5 teaspoon of acid per glass of water). 4.5. If acid or alkali enters the esophagus, immediately call an ambulance doctor. You can not wash the stomach with water. A good effect is the ingestion of milk, egg white, vegetable oil, dissolved starch. 5. Labor protection requirements at the end of work 5.1. At the end of the working day, each laboratory worker is obliged to check and put in order his workplace, instruments and apparatus, turn off the ventilation, check the closing of the taps of gas burners, all electric heaters, the closing of water taps and windows. Check if there are any uncleaned oily rags (rags). Turn off lighting. 5.2. After working with rodenticides, overalls must be shaken out, dried and ventilated. It is forbidden to wash overalls at home and in premises unsuitable for this purpose. 5.3. When carrying out all work with rodentification means, be sure to follow the rules of personal hygiene. 5.4. After work, it is necessary to wash hands, face and other open areas of the body with soap and water, on which the agent could get, rinse your mouth with water. 5.5. At the end of work, take a hygienic shower. 5.6. Use skin softeners as needed.
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